Triplocania oiapoque, Lima & Rafael & Bravo & Silva-Neto, 2023

Lima, Daniel Moura, Rafael, José Albertino, Bravo, Freddy & Silva-Neto, Alberto Moreira Da, 2023, A new species of Triplocania Roesler of the Magnifica species group (Psocodea, ‘ Psocoptera’, Ptiloneuridae) from Brazil, Zootaxa 5374 (1), pp. 93-105 : 95-102

Triplocania oiapoque n. sp.

( Figs 1–22 )

Diagnosis. Belonging in magnifica species-group of Silva-Neto & García-Aldrete (2019). It differs from the species of its group by having a phallosome with only one pair of endophallic sclerites, with mesal posterior sclerite anteriorly concave, with two thin projections on each side, directed anteriorly and smoothly curved outwards, anteriorly concave laterally e distally convex, with one wide posterior projection in the middle ( Figs 5 , 20–22 ); by having a hypandrium of five sclerites, with the central sclerite convex anteriorly, posteriorly projected in the middle with a process initially almost square and later triangular with microtrichia in the apex, side sclerites very large, wider in the middle, narrowing at the ends, not acuminate, and a posterior pair of sclerites robust, anteriorly, almost triangular and narrow, widening abruptly posteriorly, distally gently curving outwards ( Figs 6–7 ) and by having the ninth sternum anteriorly concave in the middle and posteriorly slightly concave with a line of pigment whose origin is anterior, forming a V close to the posterior margin, delimiting together with the line of anterior concavity a mesal area uniformly pigmented with the exception of the posterior ends ( Fig. 13 ).

Male. Color (parts mounted on slides). Compound eyes black, ocelli hyaline with strong pigmented band around; head pattern ( Fig. 1 ). Scape pale brown, pedicel pale brown, f1-f3 yellow with hyaline apex. Mx4 brown with distal end dark brown. Femora dark brown with distal ends pale brown to yellow; tibiae pale brown; tarsomere 1 pale yellow and tarsomeres 2–3 pale brown. Forewing following the Magnifica group patterns with a brown marginal band from R₄+₅ to areola postica, from it arise two brown arms, to anterior and distal ends of pterostigma, U-shaped, leaving a hyaline area between them; a large dark brown area on proximal end of wing; veins brown, with dark brown spots at wing margin, a large dark brown band encompassing A 2, A 1 and Cup, extrapolating it and touching Cua, leaving two hyaline spots in shape of triangles in the cell bounded by M+ Cua, Cup, Cua and Cua 2, one close to M + Cua and Cua and another close to Cup, Cua 2 and the base of the wing ( Fig. 2 ). Hindwings almost hyaline, with area limited by CuP brown anteriorly and pale brown posteriorly, apex pale brown; veins brown, with dark brown spots at wing margin ( Fig. 3 ).

Morphology. Compound eyes with interommatidial setae. Outer cusp of lacinial tips broad, with five denticles ( Fig. 4 ). Forewing pterostigma narrow basally, wider in the middle, posteriorly not too narrow as proximal base nor as wide as in the middle, Rs convex, acquiring concavity as it approaches its bifurcation, R 2+3 and R 4+5 sinuous, M vein proximally concave, then almost straight up to the first branch, this proximally concave and posteriorly almost straight, M 2 and M 3 sinuous; areola postica with apex short and rounded, broad in the base and not so posteriorly inclined; 2A reaching wing margin ( Fig. 2 ). Hindwing R₂+₃ straight, and R₄+₅ almost straight, M proximally concave and distally straight ( Fig. 3 ). Hypandrium ( Figs 6–7 ) of five sclerites, central sclerite more sclerotized anteriorly and posteriorly, convex anteriorly, posteriorly projected in the middle with a process initially almost square and later triangular with microtrichia in the apex, side sclerites very large, wider in the middle, narrowing at the ends, not acuminate, and a posterior pair of sclerites robust, anteriorly, almost triangular and narrow, widening abruptly posteriorly, distally gently curving outwards and with a field of tiny and short spines. Phallosome ( Figs 5 , 20–22 ) shield shaped, side struts expanded, robust, fused, with a thin and long longitudinal pigmented band projected in the middle, at the end of it there is a transverse depression marked by the concavities on the median side of the shield, posteriorly fused to external parameres, these stout, distally sclerotized, bearing pores included in a less sclerotized area, with microprojections shaped like spines on the proximal margins, with a sclerotization line wide anteriorly, also projected marking the fusion of the parameres, a mesal endophallic sclerite anteriorly concave with two thin projections on each side, directed anteriorly and smoothly curved outwards, anteriorly concave, laterally and distally convex, posteriorly culminating in a robust projection with a broad and obtuse apex, lateral pair of endophallic sclerites of long, slender arch-shaped, anteriorly curved inwards and posteriorly with an acuminate apex, connected by a tubular and smoothly sclerotized membrane that extends out of the abdomen forming the ejaculatory duct, tapering to almost its distal end, this one wider. Epiproct broad, anteriorly with slightly sinuous edge, micro bristles distributed over its anterior surface halfway, tapering smoothly, posteriorly straight, two bristles in mesal position, other bristles as illustrated ( Fig. 8 ). Paraprocts with an anterior margin sinuous, transversal pigmented line linking to the posterior margin, this one strongly pigmented and jagged surface, field of basal rosettes with 31–32 trichobothria ( Fig. 8 ).

Measurements (in microns). FW: 3881, HW: 2475 F: 1018, T: 1577, t1: 678, t2: 52, t3: 72, f1: 602, f2: 552, f3: 202, Mx4: 244, IO: 468, D: 347, d: 243, IO/d:1.92, PO: 0.70.

Female. Color (parts mounted on slides). Essentially as in the male but contains some more pigmented structures, standard head, scape and pedicel pale brown, f1, f2 and f3 pale brown, femur essentially as in the male, tarsomere 1 pale yellow and t2 and t3 pale brown. Forewing essentially as in the male with the exception of the m3 branching which is completely covered by the spot, leaving a hyaline area delimited by the m vein and areola postica ( Fig. 10 ). Hindwing essentially as in male ( Fig. 11 ).

Morphology. Head and wings essentially as in the male ( Figs 9–11 ). Outer cusp of lacinial tip broad, with four denticles ( Fig. 12 ). Subgenital plate wide, with pigmentation on the sides starting from the anterior part to the apex, with a less pigmented longitudinal area, wide anteriorly, concave on the sides and acuminate posteriorly undergoing pigmentation process ( Fig. 14 ). Ninth sternum ( Fig. 13 ) anteriorly concave in the middle and posteriorly slightly concave with a line of pigment whose origin is anterior, forming a V close to the posterior margin, delimiting together with the line of anterior concavity a mesal area uniformly pigmented with the exception of the posterior ends. Gonapophysis: v1 long, uniformly pigmented, widening before the distal end, this one acuminate; v2+v3 wide, outer margin previously heavily pigmented, inner margin less pigmented but still sclerotic and apex acuminate and lighter than the other areas, 11 insertions of bristles along its length ( Fig. 13 ). Epiproct slightly concave in the central part of its anterior margin, sides hyaline until reaching the anterior apex, this one, strongly pigmented, setae as illustrated ( Fig. 15 ). Paraprocts nearly triangular, broad at base, posterior apex slightly acuminate, setae as illustrated ( Fig. 15 ).

Measurements (in microns). FW: 4334, HW: 2777, F: 1077, T: 1734, t1: 747, t2: 79, t3: 131, f1: 720, f2: 552, f3: 442, Mx4: 253, IO: 472, D: 363, d: 257, IO/d: 1.83, PO: 0.71.

Variation in the forewing venation of males

Variation in Ptiloneuridae wing veins is a phenomenon that is being increasingly recorded and raises doubts about whether wing venation is a good character for separating genera and species ( Lima et al. 2018; Cutrim et al. 2022). Here we found two types of wing venation that differ from the general pattern of this family, as described below and illustrated in figures 16–17.

Type 1: Forewing M with three primary branches, M3 forked resulting in M3a and M3b, being M3a a spur vein longer than the M part before it, directed to the inner wing margin and almost touching the posterior margin of areola postica ( Fig. 16 ).

Type 2: Forewing R with two primary branches, R2+3 forked resulting in R2+3a and R2+3b, being R2+3a a spur vein less long than the R part before it, directed to the opposite direction of R2+3b ( Fig. 17 ).

Material examined. Holotype Male ( INPA). Brazil, Amapá, Oiapoque, BR 156 KM 25 , 3° 39’35’’ N - 51°46’17’’ W, 23.viii–6.ix.2019, malaise, floresta, legs. J.A. Rafael, S.P. Lima & F. F. Xavier F. Paratypes: 24 males (INPA) same data as the holotype, except: 26.vii–9.viii.2019. 8 males (INPA) same data as the holotype, except: 31.i–14.ii.2020. 4 males (INPA) same data as the holotype, except: 21.ix– 4.x. 4 males (INPA) same data as the holotype, except: 1–16.i.2020. 3 males (INPA) same data as the holotype, except: 10–25.vii.2019. 2 males (INPA) same data as the holotype except: 17–30.i.2020. 2 males (INPA) of the same data as the holotype, except: 2–18.xi.2019. 1 male (INPA) same data as the holotype, except: 18–31.xii.2019. 14 males (MNRJ) same data as the holotype, except: 05–27.x.2019. 12 males (MZSP) same data as the holotype, except: 7–20.ix.2019. 10 males (MZFS) same data as the holotype, except: iii–vii.2020. 2 females (INPA) of the same data as the holotype, except: 26.vii–9.viii.2019.

Etymology. Oiapoque has a Tupi-Guarani origin, being a derivation of the term “oiap-oca”, which means home of the Waj„pi, which is the name used to designate the indigenous speakers of this Tupi language who lives in the region delimited by the rivers Oiapoque, Jari and Araguari, in the state of Amapá- Brazil. The name is given to this species as a noun in apposition.

Figures

FIGURES 1–4. Triplocania oiapoque n. sp. (Holotype male). 1. Front view of head. 2. Forewing. 3. Hindwing. 4. Lacinial tip. Scales in mm.

FIGURES 5–8. Triplocania oiapoque n. sp. (Holotype male). 5. Phallosome. 6–7. Hypandrium. 8. Clunium, epiproct and left paraproct. Scales in mm.

FIGURES 9–15. Triplocania oiapoque n. sp. (Paratype female). 9. Front view of head. 10. Forewing. 11. Hindwing. 12. Lacinial tip. 13. Ninth sternum and left Gonapophysis. 14. Subgenital plate. 15. Clunium, epiproct and right paraproct. Scales in mm.

FIGURES 16–17. Triplocania oiapoque n. sp. Variations in the forewing veins of males. 16. Left forewing of a male paratype. 17. Right forewing of another male paratype male. Scales in mm.

FIGURES 18–19. Triplocania oiapoque n. sp. (Holotype male). 18. Entire body before dissection, lateral view. 19. Ends of abdomen in lateral view. 19.A. Ejaculatory duct. Scales in mm.

FIGURES 20–22. Triplocania oiapoque n. sp. 20. Schematic illustration of the phallosome. 21. Ventral view of phallosome without going through lactic acid treatment. 22. Schematic illustration of the ends of the abdomen in lateral view. The letters A, B and C represent respectively: Ejaculatory duct, Accessory glands and Spermatic sacs. Scales in mm.