Tynanthus polyanthus (Bureau) Sandwith (1953: 465)

Medeiros, Maria Cláudia Melo Pacheco De & Lohmann, Lúcia G., 2015, Taxonomic Revision of Tynanthus (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae), Phytotaxa 216 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

11. Tynanthus polyanthus (Bureau) Sandwith (1953: 465) (as “ Tynnanthus ”). Schizopsis polyantha Bureau (1865: 378) . Lectotype (designated by Lohmann, in Lohmann & Taylor 2014: 469):— PERU. San Martín: “Prope Tarapoto”, 1855–1856, R. Spruce 4895 (P! (barcode 481492); isolectotypes BM! (barcode 603754), BR! (barcode 876198), C! photo, C! as photocopy at F (718222), C! as photocopy at MO (1693114), E! (barcode 259199) photo, F! (1012196) (fragments), F! (875569) photo, G!, G! as photocopy at F (785146), G! as photocopy at MO (1693113), G! as photocopy at NY, G! as photocopy at US, K! (barcodes 202056, 202057, 202058, 202059), LE!, MPU! (barcode 16048) photo, NY! (barcode 328924), P! (barcode 481493, 481494), S! (04-3493) photo, TCD! (barcode 549) photo).

Schizopsis polyantha var. boliviana Bureau (1865: 379) . Type:— BOLIVIA. La Paz: “ Environs de Mururata ”, 1839, J.B. Pentland 33 (holotype P! (barcode 608099)).

Tynanthus myrianthus Bureau & Schumann (1896: 197) (as “ Tynnanthus ”). Lectotype (designated here):— PERU. Loreto: “Ad Yurimaguas”, April 1831, E.F. Poeppig 2388 (W, W! as photocopy at F (956391), W! as photocopy at K, W! as photocopy at MO (1693116), W! as photocopy at US; isolectotypes F! (875526), LE!).

Tynanthus lindmanii Schumann (in Bureau & Schumann 1896: 409) (as “ Tynnanthus ”). Lectotype (designated here):— BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: “Barra do Rio dos Bugres” ( Barra do Bugres ), 26 February 1894, C.A.M. Lindman A2967 (S! (09-21559) photo; isolectotypes UPS! photo, S! (09-21560) photo, S! (09-21560) as photocopy at K).

Tynanthus caryophylleus (Bello) Alain (1965: 352) (as “ Tynnanthus ”). Bignonia? caryophyllea Bello (1881: 293) . Neotype (designated here):— PORTO RICO: “Forest near Humacao ”, 28 February 1926, N.L. Britton 8614 (NY! (barcode 874601); isoneotype US! (barcode 477379)).

Tynanthus villosus Gentry (1976: 60) (as “ Tynnanthus ”). Type:— PERU. San Martín: Tocache Nuevo, Quebrada de Canuto , 18 August 1973, J. Schunke Vigo 6852 (holotype MO! (2175155); isotypes F! (1763392), K! (barcode 449538), RB! (barcodes 536855, 536925)). syn nov.

Fig. 17 : A–F

Lianas. Branchlets conspicuously tetragonal (with salient extremities) to terete, with or without ritidome, finely striated (sometimes not evident, when young), few to densely lenticeled (sometimes without lenticels), villous to puberulent or glabrescent, with simple and peltate trichomes; interpetiolar ridge absent or present; interpetiolar patelliform glands absent; prophylls of the axillary buds 4–19(–25) mm long, 3–18(–23) mm wide, foliaceous, ovate or obovate to elliptic, villous to puberulent throughout, with simple, peltate and patelliform trichomes. Leaves 2–3 foliolated (more commonly 2); terminal leaflets often modified into simple tendrils, without adhesive-disks on tip; petioles and petiolules villous to puberulent throughout surface, with simple and peltate trichomes; petioles (0.9–) 1.4–5 cm long; petiolules (0.2–) 0.6–4.6 cm long; leaflets (2.5–) 4–16.5 cm long, (1.6–) 2.5–12.6 cm wide, membranous to chartaceous (sometimes subcoriaceous), discolor or concolor, elliptic to ovate; apex acuminate, mucronate; base cuneate, obtuse, truncate or subcordate, symmetrical or asymmetrical; margin entire (rarely dentate); the abaxial surface villous to puberulent (sometimes glabrescent) throughout (sometimes only on and near the veins), with simple, peltate and patelliform trichomes; the adaxial surface villous to pubescent (sometimes glabrescent) throughout (sometimes only on and near the veins), with simple, peltate and patelliform trichomes; glandular trichomes distributed especially on the adaxial surface (sometimes evenly distributed throughout both surfaces); second venation weak brochidodromous; pocket domatia with or without trichomes. Inflorescence axilar or terminal, a thyrse or a compound thyrse, lax, with conical aspect, first order 3.5–15 cm long, second order 1.5–8 cm long; axis villous to pubescent, with simple and peltate trichomes; bracts of the inflorescence caducous or persistent, villous to pubescent throughout, 0.5–3.3(–6) mm long; floral bracts 0.4–0.7

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TYNANTHUS (BIGNONIEAE)

Phytotaxa 216 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 35 36 • Phytotaxa 216 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press

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mm long; floral pedicels 0.5–7.3(–10.5) mm long. Calyx green to yellowish, 1–2.7 mm long, 1.2–2.2 mm wide, with transversal (sometimes oblique) aperture, minutely 5-denticulate (sometimes truncate), tomentose to puberulent throughout outside, without patelliform glands; lobes 0.1–0.3(–0.6) mm long. Corolla white, cream or pale yellow (sometimes pale lilac, pale red or pale blue), 0.4–0.8 cm long, 1.2–3.5 mm wide at the tube opening; tube 2–4.5 mm long, internally glabrescent, with long and short stipitate trichomes; nectar guides absent, but with a path of long and short stipitate trichomes; lobes densely pubescent to pubescent throughout (sometimes only at margins of) lower ones and at margins of or throughout upper ones; upper ones 0.4–1.6 mm long, 0.5–1.5 mm wide, acute to obtuse; lower ones 1.3–3 mm long, 1.2–2.8 mm wide, obtuse to rounded. Androecium with fertile stamens inserted 0.7–1.3 mm from the base of the corolla; shorter ones 2–3 mm long; longer ones 2.5–4 mm long; anthers thecae 0.6–0.8 mm long, obovate to elliptic, subexserted; connective extending 0.1–0.3 mm beyond anther attachment; staminode 0.9–1.2 mm long, glabrescent, with long and short stipitate trichomes. Gynoecium 3.2–5.1 mm long; ovary 0.7–1.3 mm long, 0.5–1 mm wide, conical, velutinous; style 2–3.9 mm long, tomentose at the base. Fruit a linear flattened capsule, 10.5–25 cm long, 0.4–0.9 cm wide, coriaceous to woody, granular throughout (sometimes smooth near the midvein), without lenticels to densely lenticeled, villous to puberulent or glabrescent, with simple and peltate trichomes; central ridge single, slightly or not prominent; margins slightly raised (unwinged), ca. 0.1 cm wide. Seeds body 0.7–1.5 cm long, 0.3–0.9 cm wide; wings (0.2–) 0.4–1.2 cm long.

Phenology: —Flowers throughout the year and produces fruits from March to August.

Distribution and habitat: —Occurs in moist broadleaf forests from Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando and Santa Cruz), Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará and Rondônia), Colombia (Antioquia, Chocó and Meta), Dominican Republic (El Seybo, Monte Cristi and Samaná), Ecuador (Morona-Santiago, Napo and Zamora-Chinchipe), Guiana (Upper-Essequibo), Peru (Amazonas, Cusco, Huánuco, Junín, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Puno, San Martín and Ucayali), Porto Rico and Venezuela (Amazonas) ( Fig. 18).

Additional specimens examined: — Sin loc.. October 1831, E. F . Poeppig 2651 ( LE, P). BOLIVIA. Beni: Moxos, 66 km de San Ignacio, San Borja , 200 m, 20 February 1995, M . Moraes & E . Oviedo 2074 ( MO). Vaca Diéz , 11–15 km NW of Guayaramerin on road to Cachuela Esperanza, 12 February 1978, W. R . Anderson 12047 ( MO, NY, US); Riberalta , 160 m, 29 June 1992, A. H . Gentry et al. 77563 ( MO). Cochabamba: Carrasco, Entre

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TYNANTHUS (BIGNONIEAE)

Phytotaxa 216 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 37 Ríos, Dist. Tres, Sector Coop. Litoral, 280 m, 12 July 2005, O . Colque & L . Mendoza 262 ( SPF); 6 February 2006, O . Colque & L . Mendoza 410 ( SPF). Cercado, The road from Ivirgarsama , approximately 2 km towards Puerto Villarroel, 200 m, 24 February 1996, N . Ritter 2996 ( MO). Chapare, Villa Tunari, Hotel El Puente, 300 m, 21 January 1996, J. R. I . Wood 10423 ( K). La Paz: Sin loc., 1–22 July 1939, B. A . Krukoff 10456 ( K). Abel Iturralde , Tumupasa, 540 m, 10 January 1902, R. S . Williams 508 ( K, NY); Siete Cielos, Río Manupare , 180 m, 4 June 1987, J. C . Solomon 16919 ( MO). Franz Tamayo, Parque Nacional Madidi, río Quendeque , 300 m, 7 February 2002, A . Fuentes et al. 3753 ( MO); Ibid., NW de Apolo, senda Azariamas–San Fermin , Parcela temporal (0.1 ha), 1326 m, 27 May 2006, I . Loza et al. 73 ( SPF); 27 May 2006, I . Loza et al. 78 ( SPF). Nor Yungas, Below San Pedro, Yolosa–Caranavi road, valley of Rio Coroico , 760–950 m, 15 January 1984, A. H . Gentry et al. 44262 ( M, MBM, MO, NY); Corocoro , 12 km NE of Caranavi, 1400–1500 m, 16 January 1984, A. H . Gentry et al. 44315 ( MO, NY); 16 January 1984, A. H . Gentry et al. 44350 ( MO); 1 km SW of Yolosa on road to Chuspipata, Ford of Río Cedro , 1400 m, 22 February 1984, J. C . Solomon & J . Kuijt 11594 ( F photo, MO); 5.5 km below Coroico (towards Yolosa) (1.4 km above Yolosa ), 1400 m, 16 May 1985, J. C . Solomon 13733 ( MBM, MO, NY); 3.8 km below Coroico and Yolosa , 1500 m, 25 September 1986, J. C . Solomon 15665 ( MO). Sud Yungas, Basin of Rio Bopi , Asunta (near Evenay), 690–750 m, 27–31 July 1939, B. A . Krukoff 10695 ( F, G, K, MO, NY, US); Valle del río Unduavi , entre Santa Rosa y Machacamarca expo. N-0, 1400 m, 4 February 1988, R . Seidel & E . Richter 1207 ( MO). Pando: Abuná , Nuevo Mundo, 180 m, 29 June 1992, A. H . Gentry et al. 77573 ( MO). Nicolás Suárez, Km 15 between Cobija and Porvenir, 300 m, s.d., M . Cardenas 4167 ( US); En la zona de Campoana, junto a la barraca San José, 290 m, 14 January 1983, F . Casas & Susanna 8264 ( G, MO, NY). Santa Cruz: Im Gebüsch des Waldes am Westufer des Rio Pirai, unweit Santa Cruz , January 1911, T . Herzog 1460 ( G). Andrés Ibáñez , 2 km W of center of La Belgica, 360 m, 24 January 1987, M . Nee 33781 ( G, MO, NY); 4 km S of Pedro Lorenzo on old road from Santa Cruz to Abapó , 525 m, 21 January 1998, M . Nee 48058 ( MO, NY); Along "old" highway to Cochabamba, vic. Turnoff of highway south to Abapó , 13 km SW of center of Santa Cruz, 450 m, 29 July 2003, M . Nee 52391a ( NY); 6.4 km (by dirt roads) SE of Pedro Lorenzo on way to Peji , 4.5 km SW of Peji, 530 m, 29 June 2004, M . Nee 52633 ( MO, NY); Camino entre Warnes y La Bélgica, 353 m, 18 February 2006, D. Villarroel et al. 347 ( NY, SPF); Porongo, Localidad del Monumento Natural Espejillos , Precipicio del mirador, 1200 m, 16 January 2008, I . Linneo & D. Galindo 1326 ( SPF). Cercado, Bosques del Piray , 450 m, 4 February 1917, J . Steinbach 3224 ( BM, F photo, K); 20 January 1921, J . Steinbach 5253 ( F, G, MO, NY). Cordillera , 2.5 km (by road) W of railroad and 3.5 km (by road) W of the Santa Cruz – Abapó highway and San Joaquín, along gravel road to "Pozo PCHX1001 ", the turnoff 5.5 km S of Basilio , 570 m, 24 May 2005, M . Nee 53129 ( MO, NY, SPF). Ichilo, Santa Cruz 130 km NW linea recta, puente Rio Yapacaní 35 kms hacia Puerto Grether , 250 m, 18 March 1981, S. G . Beck 6557 ( M, MO); Vicinity of old buildings for highway construction, ca. 2 km W of Villa San Germán on highway from Buena Vista to Río Ichilo , 275 m, 22 February 1998, M . Nee 48385 ( MBM, MO, NY); 3.5 km SW of turnoff at Villa San Isidro from new highway from Buena Vista to Río Ichilo , 360 m, 1 March 1998, M . Nee 48546 ( MO, NY); Buena Vista, Orillas del camino entre Buena Vista y el Cairo, 320 m, 2 February 1990, I. G . Vargas C . 377 ( MO, NY); Ignacio Warnes , E side of the village of Colonia Okinawa 1, 250 m, 28 January 1987, M . Nee 33837 ( MO, NY). José Miguel de Velasco, Parque Nacional Noel Kempff Mercado, 14 km SE del Estancia Flor de Oro , cerca Rio Itenez , 260 m, 9 March 1992, A . Perry 686 ( MO); Ibid., Comunidad Florida , 200 m, 2 July 1993, M . Saldias et al. 2928 ( MO); Ibid., Lago Caiman , 540 m, 19 January 1997, M . Garvizu et al. 336 ( G, MO); Ibid., Campamento Los Fierros , 200 m, 18 March 1997, L . Sánchez et al. 402 ( G, MO); Carretera al Chore, Entre Arroyo Las Londras y Arroyo El Tigre, 150 m, 24 July 1996, M . Peña-Chocarro & L . Arroyo 167 ( G, MO); 25 km al norte del aseradero Moira yendo al Chore, Bosque de lianas del "Proyecto Bejucal" de USZ , 160 m, 26 July 1996, A . Jardim et al. 3189 ( MO); Camino de Florida hacia las Mechitas , 450 m, 24 January 1997, J . Guillen et al. 297 ( G, MO). Ñuflo de Chávez, Perseverancia, NW of Santa Cruz on Río Negro , Transect 3, 100 m, 11 May 1991, A. H . Gentry & M . Peña 73697 ( MO); Near San Julian ( S), 274 m, 27 February 2003, L . Rico et al. 1406b ( K, MO). Sara, Área natural de manejo integrado Amboró , camino a San Isidro , pasando el puente del río Moyle , 278 m, 20 February 2006, D. Villarroel et al. 367 ( NY, SPF). BRAZIL. Acre: Jordão, Trails and roads 2–3 km SE of Foz de Jordão, 250–275 m, 7 February 2009, F. A . Michelangeli et al. 1356 ( SPF). Acrelândia, BR-364, km 87, Ramal do Projeto 2, 13 February 2000, I. S . Rivero et al. 309 ( SPF). Bujari, Basin of Rio Purus, Riozinho do Andirá (tributary of Rio Acre ), Seringal Andirá, 24 March 1995, D. C . Daly et al. 8457 ( MO, NY, UFACPZ); Riozinho do Andirá, Colocação Curitiba , 8 June 1995, A. R. S . Oliveira et al. 540 ( SPF, UFACPZ); Rio Antimari, Floresta Estadual do Antimari, right bank, Colocação Pé da Terra , 11 March 1997, D. C . Daly et al. 9474 ( SPF, UFACPZ). Cruzeiro do Sul, Perto do entroncamento com o

38 • Phytotaxa 216 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press

MEDEIROS & LOHMANN ramal Pentecoste, 26 April 2001, L. G . Lohmann et al. 370 ( MO, NY). Marechal Thaumaturgo , Reserva Extrativista do Alto Jurua, Rio Juruá, S of confluence with Rio Acuriá and N of São João do Breu, Colocação Tapaúna, 31 March 1993, D. C . Daly et al. 7653 ( INPA, NY, UFACPZ); Ibid. , Fazenda Paraguay, 3 April 1993, D. C . Daly et al. 7728 ( INPA, NY, UFACPZ); Ibid. , Foz do Bajé, Boa Vista da União, 30 April 2001, L. G . Lohmann et al. 413 ( MO, NY); Ibid. , Foz do Bajé, Boa Vista da União, Colocação Horizonte, 1 May 2001, L. G . Lohmann et al. 421 ( MO, NY); Ibid. , Margem direita do Rio Arara, 6 May 2001, L. G . Lohmann et al. 476 ( MO, NY). Plácido de Castro , Porto Edith, arredores da casa do Sr. João, Margem esquerda do Rio Abunã, 14 May 2001, L. G . Lohmann & E. C . Oliveira 505 ( MO, NY). Porto Acre , Reserva Florestal do Humaita, Beira do Rio Acre, 21 March 1995, C . Figueiredo et al. 741 ( SPF, UFACPZ). Rio Branco , Parque Zoobotânico, Estrada Dias Martins, próximo à entrada do Herbário, s.d., G . Claros & R . Ehrich 315 ( UFACPZ); Ibid. , 3 March 1993, C. S . Figueiredo & H. B. N . Borges 100 ( UFACPZ); Ibid. , inside main gate, 25 March 2002, D. C . Daly 11565 ( NY); Ibid. , estrada de acesso ao herbário, 160 m, 5 March 2012, M. C . Medeiros et al. 37 ( SPF); Km 1 ao km 23 da Rodovia Rio Branco – Porto Velho, 21 February 1978, J. U . Santos et al. 69 ( MG, MO, US); Rio Branco – Porto Velho Highway, between km 22–37, 8 February 1979, B. W . Albuquerque et al. 1345 ( MO, NY, US). Santa Rosa , Rio Purus, left bank, Seringal Refúgio, S of Igarapé Extrema de Baixo, 25 March 1999, D. C . Daly et al. 10083 ( SPF, UFACPZ). Sena Madureira , BR-364, entre km 245–246, Fazenda Liberdade, 140–150 m, 6 February 2002, M . Alves et al. 2734 ( SPF); Basin of Rio Iaco (tributary of Rio Purus), Fazenda São Jorge I , property of Acre Brasil Verde, timber concession of Laminados Triunfo Ltda, 107 km NW of Rio Branco on BR-364, then ca. 22 km E on Toco Preto access road, 200 m, 7 July 2008, D. C . Daly et al. 13228 ( RB). Xapuri , Fazenda Bomfim, 18 March 1995, D. C . Daly et al. 8365 ( MO, NY, UFACPZ); 19 March 1995, D. C . Daly et al. 8386 ( MO, NY, UFACPZ); Margem direita do Rio Xapuri, 18 May 2001, L. G . Lohmann & E. C . Oliveira 567 ( NY); Estrada para Brasiléia (BR-317) km 243, ramal da Cachoeira, a aproximadamente 8 km da BR , em frente à fazenda Bom Jesus, 200 m, 9 March 2012, M. C . Medeiros et al. 40 ( SPF). Amazonas : Along Rio Castanho , tributary of Rio Padauiri, upper Rio Negro Basin, 100–140 m, 16–24 February 1946, F . Cardona 1419 ( US). Esperança, Ad ostium fluminis Javary, 11 February? 1942, A . Ducke 866 ( F, IAN, MG, MO, NY, R, RB, US). Lábrea , Rio Curuquetê, Cachoeira Republica, 24 July 1971, G. T . Prance et al. 14559 ( INPA, K, MG, MO, NY, R, US). Manaus , Road to Rio Negro from km 12 of Estrado do Aleixo, vicinity of Manaus, 14 December 1974, A. H . Gentry 13303 ( INPA, MG). Parintins ?, 1 April 1946, J. M . Pires & G. A . Black 1211 ( K, IAN). Presidente Figueiredo , Estrada Manaus–Caracaraí, Reserva Biológica do INPA , 1978, A. Anderson s.n. ( INPA 142420 ). Mato Grosso: Salto do Sepotuba , March 1909, F. C . Hoehne 1568? ( R); March 1909, F. C . Hoehne 1582 ( R); March 1909, F. C . Hoehne 1583 ( R). Novo Mundo , Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Lote Cristalino , Trilha do Teles Pires, 172 m, 7 May 2007, D. Sasaki et al. 1625 ( K); Parque Estadual Cristalino, Cachoeira do Escondido, entrada pela Fazenda AJJ, 28 January 2008, D. Zappi et al. 900 ( K). Tapirapoan, January 1914, F. C . Hoehne 5852 ( R); January 1914, F. C . Hoehne 5853 ( R). Pará : Rio Branco de Óbidos, Castanhal grande, 11 December 1913, A . Ducke s.n. ( MG 15122 ); 25 January 1918, A . Ducke s.n. ( MG 16943 ). Roadside on BR 163 , Cuiabá – Santarém road, km 879, 310 m, 14 February 1977, J. H . Kirkbride Jr. & E . Lleras 2787 ( F photo, INPA, K, MG, MO, NY, RB, US). Altamira , Xingu River, Assurini Indians, 15 June 1986, W . Balée 2597 ( NY). Faro , 19 August 1907, A . Ducke s.n. ( K, MG 8392 ); 30 January 1910, A . Ducke s.n. ( INPA 11254 , K, MG 10565 ); 11 May 1911, A . Ducke s.n. ( MG 11647 ). Itaituba, Rio Tapajós , s.d., A . Ducke s.n. ( MO 2305625 , R 23820 , RB barcode 58413). Jacundá , Rio Tocantins, 14 May 1951, R. L . Fróes 27092 ( IAN, K, RB). Marabá , Serra dos Carajás, estrada do estéril sul, às proximidades da Barragem, 6 February 1985, O. C . Nascimento & R. P . Bahia 1189 ( MG). Monte Alegre , Colonia Itauajury, 6 March 1923, A . Ducke s.n. ( R 23821 , RB barcode 58425). Oriximiná , Rio Trombetas ao norte, ao longo do rio próximo à Mineração Rio Norte, 22 July 1980, C. A . Cid et al. 1710 ( F, G, INPA, MG, MO, NY, US); Porto Trombetas , Mineração Rio do Norte, Entrada do Alter do chão, 20 November 1990, O. H . Knowles 1620 ( INPA); Ibid. , 1991, Evandro & Knowles 424 ( INPA); Comunidade Pancada, 22 June 2006, D. R . Oliveira & Augusto 98 ( INPA). Parauapebas , Serra dos Carajás, Vila de N-5, final da rua Angelim, 29 March 1989, J. A. A . Bastos 161 ( MG). Pau D'Arco , Marajoara, s.d., J . Grogan 51 ( IAN); 16 February 1997, J . Grogan 50 ( IAN, INPA). Santarém , Serra de Pequiatuba, 28 March 1924, J. G . Kuhlmann 1816 ( MO, R, RB); Estrada Santarém–Cuiabá , km 67, Reserva florestal do IBDF , 6 March 1979, M. R . Cordeiro et al. 1610 ( IAN); FLONA Tapajós, BR-163, km 83, estrada de acesso à torre do projeto LBA, 150 m, 21 November 2011, M. C . Medeiros & T . André 36 ( SPF). Tucuruí , BR-423, 15 March 1981, U. N . Maciel & C. S . Rosário 552 ( MG). Rondônia : Estrada Porto Velho – Cuiabá, BR-364, km 290, margem esquerda da estrada, 13 February 1983, C. A. A . Freitas et al. 98 ( INPA, MO). Porto Velho , Campo da sub-estação, 18 November 1949, N. T . Silva 358 ( IAN, INPA, K); Guajará-

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TYNANTHUS (BIGNONIEAE)

Phytotaxa 216 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 39 Mirim – Abunã, trecho entre o km 12 ao km 36, 1 February 1983, L . Carreira et al. 414 ( IAN, INPA, MG, NY). Presidente Médici , Picadão que confina a 7a. e 8a. linha, margem esquerda da BR 429 , 24 March 1986, N. A . Rosa et al. 4984 ( MG, MO). COLOMBIA. Antioquia : Caucasia , Hacienda "La Candelaria", Universidad de Antioquia, 150 m, 5 September 2000, R . Fonnegra et al. 7157 ( MO). Chocó : Upper Río Truandó, La Teresita (INDERENA Camp.), 100–200 m, 19 January 1974, A. H . Gentry 9383 ( MO). Meta : Villavicencio, 450 m, 1–2 September 1917, F. W . Pennell 1602 ( NY). DOMINICAN REBUBLIC. El Seybo: El Jovero, wooded slope at La Pocilga, 150 m, 27 July 1930, E. L . Ekman H . 15782 ( K, NY, US). Monte Cristi : Sabaneta , La Cidra, In vicinity of Laguna, 5–600 m, 9 November 1930, E. J . Valeur 532 ( K, MO, NY, US); Ibid. , 640 m, 7 April 1955, J. J . Jimenez et al. 2909 ( K, US). Samaná : Vicinity of Laguna , Samaná Peninsula, chiefly on the Pilón de Azúcar, 100–500 m, 19 December 1920, W. L . Abbott 330 ( US); Sabana de la Mar, in Loma del Bejuco-clavo , 7 July 1930, E. L . Ekman H . 15590 ( US); La Laguna , Península de Samaná, 75 m, 5 August 1930, E. L . Ekman H . 15853 ( F, MO). ECUADOR. Morona-Santiago : Basin of Rio Morona , Rio Mangosiza, Mission of Miazal, 45 km ESSE of Sucua (by air), at edge of cultivated field at Chumbee's house, 300 m, 19 February 1990, C. F . Limbach & M . D. 125 ( MO). El Centro Shuar Pampants , Rio Kankaim (Cangaime), 300 m, 13 September 1985, A . Warush RBAE99 ( MO, NY). El Centro Shuar Kankaim ( Cangaimine ), Rio Kankaim ( Cangaime ), 20 km WNW del Taisha , 500 m, 15 October 1985, D. Shiki RBAE216 ( NY); 15 October 1985, D. Shiki RBAE218 ( MO, NY). Morona, Cordillera de Cutucú, Centro Shuar Uunsuants / Transkutuku, Bosque intervenido junto al Río Mainpaimi, 600 m, 18 January 2002, W . Palacios et al. 15532 ( MO). Napo : Road from Lago Agrio Airport, 250 m, 11 February 1974, A. H . Gentry 9836 ( MO). 9–11 km S of Coca on road to Auca oil field, 5 November 1974, A. H . Gentry 12491 ( MO). 43–47 km S of Coca, end of Aucas oil field near Río Tiputini, 300 m, 5 November 1974, A. H . Gentry 12512 ( MO). 4 km sur de Puerto Napo em el Rio Napo , 500 m, 4 August 1984, C . Dodson et al. 14934 ( MO). Estación Experimental INIAP-Payamino, 5 km NE de Coca, 250 m, 16–26 February 1986, D. Neill 7151 ( MO, NY). Reserva Etnica Huaorani, Carretera y oleoducto de Maxus, km 119–120, Carretera a Plataforma GINTA , 235 m, March 1995, M . Aulestia et al. 3586 ( SPF). Yasuni Forest Reserve , road from PUCE Scientific Station to end of road towards Waoroni Territory, 240–310 m, 29 June 1995, P . Acevedo-Rdgz. & J. A . Cedeño 7572 ( MO, P, US). Tena , Estación Biológica Jatun Sacha , Río Napo, 8 km al este de Misahualli, Parcela Permanente 02, 400 m, 14 December 1989, W . Palacios 4771 ( G, K, MO, NY). Zamora-Chinchipe : Nangaritza , Miazi , along Rio Nangaritza, Transect 3, 850 m, 28 July 1993, A. H . Gentry 80558 ( MO). GUIANA. Upper Essequibo: Rewa River, near Camp 2 at foot of Spider Mountains, 200–250 m, 22 September 1999, M. J . Jansen-Jacobs et al. 6073 ( F, K, MO, NY, P, US). PERU . Amazonas: Bagua, Quebrada shimpunts alto rio Cenepa , Monte al lado shimpunts, 800–1100 ft, 22 February 1973, E . Ancuash 41 ( F photo, MO, NY); Quebrada Huampami , Rio Cenepa, Monte orilla de Huampami, 600 ft, 29 May 1973, R . Kayap 829 ( F, MO); Marañon valley , between Oracusa and Sta. Maria del Nieva, 240 m, 11 February 1978, D. C . Wasshausen & F . Encarnación 884 ( G, K, MO, US); 2–3 km SW of Chiriaco on road to Bagua Chica , Marañon Valley, valley of Río Chiriaco, 300–330 m, 17 June 1978, A. H . Gentry et al. 23123 ( MO); Imaza , Comunidad Aguaruna Yamayakat, 240 m, 23 March 1995, C . Diaz et al. 7597 ( F, MO); Ibid. , 320 m, 13 March 1996, N . Jaramillo et al. 1374 ( F, MO); Ibid. , Quebrada Kusú, transecto 2 × 500 m, 380 m, 1 November 1996, R . Vásquez et al. 21375 ( MO); 5 November 1996, R . Vásquez et al. 21497 ( MO); 9 November 1996, R . Vásquez et al. 21706 ( MO); 9 November 1996, R . Vásquez et al. 21772 ( MO); Ibid. , 600 m, 6 June 1997, R . Vásquez et al. 23937 ( F, MO, NY). Condorcanqui , Huambisa , Valle del Rio Santiago, approx. 65 km N de Pinglo, Quebrada Caterpiza, 200 m, 10 March 1980, V . Huashikat 2218 ( MO); El Cenepa, Comunidad Aguaruna Pagki-Suwa , Río Cenepa, 289 m, 21 January 1997, R . Vásquez et al. 22079 ( F, MO). Cusco : La Convención , Rio Manguriari ( Manguyari ), Alto Urubamba, upstream to Rio Manguriari, 750 m, 2 February 1991, P . Núñez & G . Ortiz 12758 ( MO); 2 February 1991, P . Núñez & G . Ortiz 12837 ( MO); 2 February 1991, P . Nuñez & G . Ortiz 12845 ( MO); Echarate , San Martin- 3 Well Site, 400 m, 10 March 1997, P . Nuñez et al. 19720 ( NY, US). Quispicanchi , Hills around Río Araza between Pande Azucar and Quince Mil Airport, 292 km from Cusco, 643 m, 10 August 1991, P . Nuñez V . 13905 ( MO); 10 August 1991, P . Núñez 14080 ( MO); Camanti , 254 km from Cusco road to Maldonado, 15 Quince area, 643 m, 18 February 1991, P . Núñez 13006 ( MO). Huánuco : Leoncio Prado , Vicinity of Tingo María, East of Río Huallaga, 670 m, 9 March 1962, J . Schunke Vigo 5813 ( F, K, MO, US); Hills east of Tingo Maria, 5 October 1972, T. B . Croat 21121 ( MO); Across Río Huallaga from Tingo Maria, 650 m, 17 January 1976, A. H . Gentry et al. 15894 ( F, MO, NY); Rupa Rupa , Tingo María, Limestone hills opposite airport, 700–780 m, 9 December 1981, T . Plowman et al. 11276 ( F, K); Tingo Maria , 670 m, 22 August 1959, F . Woytkowski 5391 ( K, MO). Marañón , Valley of Rio Huallaga, 110–140 km N of Tingo Maria, near San Martin border, 550 m, 4 February 1984, A. H . Gentry & D. N .

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Smith 44929 (MBM, MO, NY). Pampahuasi, January 1830, E . F . Poeppig 1617 ( G). Junín : La Merced, 700 m, 20 May–4 June 1929, E . P . Killip & A . C . Smith 23670 ( US). Loreto: Tarapoto, November 1902, E . Ule 6577 ( G, K, MG). Alto Amazonas, Fortaleza, near Yurimaguas , 140 m, December? 1932, G . Klug 2778 ( BM, F, G, K, MO, NY, US); Old Andoas, Río Pastaza, 190 m, 26 December 1985, W . H . Lewis & M . C . Gnerre 10372 ( MO); Washintsa and vicinity, Río Huasaga, Achual Jívaro , 185 m, 16–26 June 1986, W . H . Lewis et al. 11125 ( MO); Puranchim, Río Sinchiyacu , 200 m, 21–27 November 1986, W . H . Lewis et al. 11849 ( MO); Petro Estación Morona, río Morona , 160 m, 22 March 1987, W . H . Lewis et al. 12934 ( MO); Andoas, Río Pastaza near Ecuador border, near airport, 230 m, 16 November 1979, A . H . Gentry & C . Díaz S . 28135 ( F, MO); Ibid. , 210 m, 15 August 1980, A . H . Gentry et al. 29814 ( F, MO); Balsapuerto , 220 m, January 1933, G . Klug 2836 ( BM, F, G, K, MO, NY, US). Coronel Portillo , IVITA , km 59 from Pucallpa toward Tingo Maria, 250 m, 16 January 1976, A . H . Gentry & J . Revilla 15888 ( MO). Datem del Marañón, Tierra Blanca, on Rio Morona ?, s.d., G . Tessmann 4914 ( G, NY). Loreto, Nueva Jerusalem and vicinity, Río Macusari , 220–300 m, 29 December 1985 – 3 January 1986, W . H . Lewis et al. 10421 ( MO); Ibid. , 10–11 June 1986, W . H . Lewis et al. 10987 ( MO); Tigre, Río Corriente, Teniente López , Caserio Jíbaros, Bosque 1o, 26 November 1979, F . Ayala et al. 2428 ( MO); Pampa Hermosa and vicinity, Río Corrientes , 1 km al S of junction with Río Macusari , 160 m, 3–20 December 1985, W . H . Lewis et al. 10184 ( MO); Nueva Nazaret, Río Morona , 160 m, 3 December 1986, W . H . Lewis et al. 12445 ( MO). Maynas, Rio Zumun, affluent du rio Yahuas-Yacu , affluent du rio Ampi-Yacu , affluent de l'Amazone à Pebas , commune de Colonia, territoire des Indiens Bora , 14 June 1978, S . Barrier 1095 ( F, G, NY, P); Caseria Alianza, Río Tamshiyacu, trail toward Río Manití , 140 m, 1 August 1980, A . H . Gentry et al. 29319 ( MO); 1 August 1980, A . H . Gentry et al. 29321 ( MO); Yanamono, Explorama Tourist Camp, Río Amazonas halfway between Indiana and mouth of Río Napo , 130 m, 10 July 1983, A . H . Gentry et al. 42873 ( MO); Alto Nanay, Near Santa Maria de Nanay , 24 February 1968, D. R . Simpson & J . Schunke Vigo 702 ( G, NY, US); Iquitos, Manacamiri, Rio Nanay , 130 m, 5 March 1995, F . Ayala 6867 ( M); Quistococha, Ca. 10 km of Iquitos , Arboretum of Universidad de Amazonas , 15 November 1974, A . H . Gentry & F . Ayala 12689 ( F, MO). Madre de Dios: Manu, Parque Nacional del Manu, Rio Manu , Cocha Cashu Station , 400 m, 3 April 1977, B . Bell & R . B . Foster 6262 ( F photo); Ibid. , 380 m, 17 October 1979, A . H . Gentry et al. 26862 ( F, MO); Pantiacolla, Serrania across Río Alto Madre de Dios from Shintuya , 450–650 m, 28 October 1979, A . H . Gentry et al. 27282 ( F, MO). Tambopata, Ca. 5 km from Puerto Maldonado near Río Tambopata , 200 m, 24 January 1976, A . H . Gentry & J . Revilla 16318 ( F, MO); Road from Puerto Maldonado to Tambopata , 0–4 km from Puerto Maldonado , 220 m, 25 January 1976, A . H . Gentry & J . Revilla 16354 ( F, INPA, MO, NY); Ca. 20 km W of Puerto Maldonado, on road to Quince Mil , 250 m, 23 April 1977, A . H . Gentry et al. 19698 ( F, MO); Outskirts of Puerto Maldonado , 210 m, 27 February 1981, A . H . Gentry & K . Young 31757 ( F, G, MO); Cusco Amazónico, Río Madre de Dios below Puerto Maldonado , 200 m, 20 February 1989, A . H . Gentry & P . Nuñez 66032 ( MO); Lago Sandoval , 13 km NE of Puerto Maldonado, lake edge, trails, 200 m, 25 July 1989, P . Núñez 11199 ( MO); Cuzco Amazónico, trail to Lago Sandoval across Río Madre de Dios, ca. 12 km E of Puerto Maldonado, 200 m, 21 February 1990, A . H . Gentry & P . Núñez 69375 ( MO); Río Heath , Peru / Bolivia border, 200 m, 2 March 1990, A . H . Gentry & P . Núñez 69786 ( MO, NY); 2 March 1990, A . H . Gentry & P . Núñez 69793 ( MO, NY); Puerto Maldonado , 650 ft, 21 March 1944, R . J . Seibert 1899 ( MO, US). Pasco: Oxapampa, Palcazu valley , near the confluence of Rio Palcazu and Rio Iscosacin , Juan Frantzen property, 300 m, 23 April 1983, D. N . Smith 3890 ( MO). Puno: Carabaya, Ridge between Río Candamo and Río Guacamayo, 400–600 m, 22 May 1992, A . H . Gentry et al. 76975 ( MO, NY). San Martín: Yurimaguas a Huallaga, 1924, G . Tessmann 5513 ( G). Tingo Maria, Near 21810, 625– 1100 m, 30 October 1949 – 19 February 1950, H . A . Allard 21811 ( US). Mariscal Cáceres, Juanjui, Alto Rio Huallaga , 400–800 m, December 1935, G . Klug 4160 ( BM, F, K, MO, NY, US); December 1935, G . Klug 4194 ( BM, F, K, MO, NY, US); Tocache Nuevo, Camino al pueblo viejo de Tocache, 18 January 1970, J . Schunke Vigo 3732 ( F, NY, US); Aeropuerto de Tocache , 400 m, 26 January 1970, J . Schunke Vigo 3771 ( F, G, NY, US); Al Nor-Oeste del vivero del Instituto Agropecuario de Tocache , 18 April 1970, J . Schunke Vigo 3943 A ( F photo) ; Almendras, camino a pueblo Viejo, 400 m, 5 April 1975, J . Schunke Vigo 8216 ( MO, NY); Quebrada de Cachiyacu , afluente de la quebrada de Huaquisha, 500–600 m, 17 May 1975, J . Schunke Vigo 8481 ( MO, NY); Quebrada de Ishichimi, cerca a Tocache , 400 m, 11 March 1978, J . Schunke Vigo 10004 ( F, MO, NY); Farm of Don Roberto Aguillar , 450 m, 1 July 1978, T . Plowman & J . Schunke Vigo 7509 ( F, MO); Cerro de Sin Sin, cerca a Bambamarca , 600–630 m, 20 January 1979, J . Schunke Vigo 10729 ( MO); Trail up Río Huallaga Valley toward Limón , 500 m, 11 March 1979, A . H . Gentry et al. 25519 ( F, MO, NY); Río de la Plata, cerca a la chacra del Sr. Esteban Arévalo, al borde de la quebrada, 650 m, 14 September 1980, J . Schunke Vigo 12280 ( F, K, MBM, MO, NY, RB); Río de la Plata, cerca a la Chacra del Sr .

TAXONOMIC REVISION OF TYNANTHUS (BIGNONIEAE)

Phytotaxa 216 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 41 Esteban Arévalo, 650 m, 15 September 1980, J. Schunke Vigo 12298 ( MO). Fundo Jeroglífico, propriedad del Sr. Luis Ludeña, al Sur de Tocache, 400 m, 20 July 1988, J. Schunke Vigo 14266 ( MO). Rioja, Along road Yorongos– La Florida near Rioja, 1000 m, 31 March 2001, H. van der Werff et al. 16551 ( F, MO, NY). San Martin, Chazuta, Río Huallaga, 260 m, April 1935, G. Klug 4065 ( BM, F, K, MO, NY, US) ; Ibid., Llucanayacu, 300 m, 3 November 2004, J. S. Biset 43 ( SPF); Ibid ., 400 m, 23 May 2005, J. S. Biset & J. C. de la Cruz 336 ( SPF); Ibid., 24 May 2005, J. S. Biset & J. C. de la Cruz 370 ( SPF); Ibid. , Llucanayacu , 600 m, 26 May 2005, J. S. Biset & J. C. de la Cruz 453 ( SPF). West side of Río Huallaga , West of Shapaja 2–8 km on trail to Tarapoto in the Cerros de Estoraqui , 1300 ft, 4–7 August 1937, C. M. Belshaw 3217 ( K, MO). Ucayali: Coronel Portillo, Bosque Nacional Alexander von Humboldt , km 86 Pucallpa–Tingo Maria road , 300 m, 27 March 1977, A. H. Gentry et al. 18697 ( MO); 27 March 1977, A. H. Gentry et al. 18739 ( MO); Ibid ., 270 m, February 1978, C. Froehner 182 ( MO, NY); Ibid ., 250 m, 8 March 1979, A. H. Gentry et al. 25475 ( INPA, MO, NY); Ibid ., 270 m, 9 February 1981, A. H. Gentry et al. 31133 ( G, MO, NY); Aguaytia, Woods to north of house, Don Diogenes del Aguila , 30 June 1960, M. E. Mathias & D. Taylor 5062 ( MO, US) ; Campoverde, Km 36, CF Basadre, 250–270 m, 27 October 1988, F. Chavez 3 ( MO). VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Alto Orinoco, Raudal de los Guaharibos, 24 July 1951, L. Croizat 335 ( F, NY). 22–23 km N of Samariapo on road to Puerto Ayacucho , 100 m, 29 June 1975, A. H. Gentry & P. Berry 14572 ( MO, US) .

Taxonomic notes: — Tynanthus villosus was described as a new species based on the “shaggy indumentum”, “narrow inflorescences” and “persistent prophylls” (Gentry 1976: 60). Nevertheless, analyses of the collections of T. polyanthus and T. villosus throughout their distribution ranges indicated a continuum in the patterns of variation in the indumentum and inflorescence morphology, with vegetative portions from both species varying from villous to pubescent or glabrescent, and the inflorescences varying from large, compound and multi-flowered to small, simple or bearing only a few flowers. A careful analysis of specimens collected at different developmental stages (e.g., vegetative, flowering and fruiting) indicated that the prophylls of the axillary buds are generally lost in older specimens. Apart from the morphological similarities between these taxa, T. villosus appeared nested within T. polyanthus in the molecular phylogeny of the genus ( Medeiros & Lohmann 2015). Our morphological and molecular phylogenetic observations thus led us to accept a more broadly circumscribed T. polyanthus and to synonymize T. villosus in T. polyanthus . As circumscribed here, T. polyanthus is characterized by the conspicuously tetragonal and angular young branchlets, simple tendrils, foliaceous prophylls of the axillary buds, lax inflorescences, short corollas (0.4–0.8 cm long), and unwinged fruits. Tynanthus polyanthus is sister to T. cognatus ( Medeiros & Lohmann 2015) , with which it shares some morphological features (see taxonomic notes under T. cognatus ).

Nomenclatural notes: —In the protologue of Schizopsis polyantha, Bureau cited a specimen deposited at G. However, no duplicates of Spruce 4895 were located at G during a visit in 2006 during which time materials were analyzed for the recently published Bignonieae synopsis ( Lohmann & Taylor 2014). Therefore, Lohmann, in Lohmann & Taylor (2014), designated the specimen Spruce 4895 deposited at P, where most of Bureau’s types are located, as the lectotype of T. polyanthus . In 2013, however, two duplicates of the collection Spruce 4895 were located at the G herbarium, indicating that the G collection cited in the protologue of S. polyantha was not lost or destroyed as previously thought. Despite that, we here follow the lectotypification proposed in Lohmann & Taylor (2014).

As far as T. myrianthus is concerned, Bureau & Schumann (1896) did not clearly indicate in the protologue which of the duplicates of the collection Poeppig 2388 was the lectotype. We here select the duplicate deposited at W, which has been broadly photographed and distributed as the holotype of T. myrianthus as its lectotype. Similarly, the best quality material of the collection C.A.M. Lindman A2967 from S is here selected as a lectotype for T. lindmanii .

A neotypification of T. caryophylleus was necessary given that all of Bello’s types kept at B (Stafleu & Cowan 1976: 170) were subsequently destroyed during World War II ( Hiepko 1987). Since no duplicates of those specimens were distributed to any other collection, a specimen of T. caryophylleus from Porto Rico (where the original type was collected), identified by Alain (author of the combination of T. caryophylleus ) is here selected as the neotype.

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Figures

FIGURE 17. A–F. Tynanthus polyanthus: A. Flowering branch; B. Interpetiolar region showing the foliaceous prophylls of the axillary buds; C. Detail of inflorescence axis showing bracts; D. Detail of petiolule showing the upper canalicule; E. Flower (M.C. Medeiros 40, SPF); F. Fruit showing the flattened cross section (P. Núñez 11199, MO). G–K. T. pubescens: G. Flowering branch; H. Detail of pubescent indumentum in branchlet (S. Mori 23971, NY); I–J. Interpetiolar glands; K. Fruit (A.H. Gentry 25579, F). Illustration by Klei Sousa.