Xenogryllus maniema Robillard & Jaiswara, 2019

Jaiswara, Ranjana, Dong, Jiajia, Ma, Libin, Yin, Haisheng & Robillard, Tony, 2019, Taxonomic revision of the genus Xenogryllus Bolívar, 1890 (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae, Xenogryllini), Zootaxa 4545 (3), pp. 301-338 : 323-324

Xenogryllus maniema Robillard & Jaiswara n. sp.

( Figs 1 J–K, 3G–H, 4D, 5D, 7F–G, 8E)

Type material. Holotype, ♂, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Lokandu , île [island] Biawa, vii.1939, Lt. Vissers, coll. Mus. Congo (MNHN-EO-ENSIF10686) . Paratypes (5 ♂), Democratic Republic of the Congo: same information as holotype, 3♂, identified Xenogryllus eneopteroides by L. chopard, R. Det. B.5318 ( MRAC) . Katanga : Kafakumba, ix.1924, 1 ♂, G. F. Overlaet, coll. Musée du Congo, identified Xenogryllus eneopteroides by L. Chopard, R. Det. N 2814 ( MRAC) . Congo Belge , Musosa [Mususa], ix.1939, H. J. Brédo, 1♂, I.G.13.212 ( RBINS) .

Type locality. Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lokandu , island Biawa .

Distribution. Species only known from forested areas in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Etymology. The species is named after the type locality. Maniema, which means “jungle” or “rain forest” in Kibangubangu dialect, is one of 26 provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Diagnosis. Species of average size, closer to X. mozambicus n. sp., from which it differs by less rounded face in lateral view ( Fig. 3H ), pseudepiphallic lophi ( Fig. 8E ) ended by a long conical apex and with a widened inner membranous margin resembling that of in X. maichauensis . From X. eneopteroides and X. mozambicus , X. maniema differs by absence of T-shaped median pattern on pronotum, absence of transverse carina on ventral face of lophi, and by rami weak, without convergent hook-like apex. Differing from X. lamottei n. sp. and Asian species by strongly carinated lateral angles of pronotum dorsal disc (also carinated in X. mozambicus and X. eneopteroides ).

Description. Species of average size, coloration yellow brown little contrasted ( Fig. 1 J–K). Eyes large, lateral, higher than long, occupying almost half of head height in lateral view ( Fig. 3 G–H). Face well-rounded in lateral view (less than in X. mozambicus ), with typical whitish mask underlined by a black line below eyes and on mandibles. Pronotum dorsal disc strongly carinated laterally ( Fig. 3H ), coloration light brown, with a median dark brown band, not extended laterally along anterior margin; lateral lobes almost homogeneously brown. First article of antennae dark brown.

Male. FWs very wide ( Fig. 5D ), longer than abdomen; dark coloration anterior to 1A including angle of 1A. FW venation as in X. eneopteroides ; apical field longer, forming a long triangle made of five (n=2) cell alignments.

Male genitalia ( Fig. 7 F–G): Pseudepiphallic lophi twice longer than rest of pseudepiphallic sclerite; with a wide membranous inner margin ( Fig. 8E ); their bases fused until mid-length. Apex of lophi long and pointed, slightly convergent and ended by a thin lamella, without inner dorsal expansions. Ventral blade of lophi with faint longitudinal wrinkles, but without strong transverse carina as in X. eneopteroides . Pseudepiphallic parameres with a strong rectangular ventral lobe. Rami rather weak, their apex almost straight, not forming convergent hooks. Ectophallic apodemes strong, not lamellate. Ectophallic lateral expansions, lateral sclerites of ectophallic fold and endophallic sclerite partly fused, forming a wide ventral sclerotized plate, trifid apically; endophallic apodemes made of wide lateral lamellas and a narrow dorsal crest.

Female. Unknown.

Life history traits. Unknown.

Calling song. Unknown.

Measurements. See Table 5.

Figures

FIGURE 1. (A–C) Xenogryllus eneopteroides: male in dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views, female in dorsal view (C); (D–G) Xenogryllus marmoratus: male in dorsal (D) and lateral (E) views, female in dorsal (F) and lateral (G) views; (H–I) Xenogryllus lamottei n. sp.: male holotype in dorsal (H) and lateral (I) views; (J–K) Xenogryllus maniema n. sp.: male paratype in dorsal (J) and lateral (K) views; (L–O) Xenogryllus maichauensis: male in dorsal (L) and lateral (M) views, female in dorsal (N) and lateral (O) views. Scale bar: 1 cm.

FIGURE 3. Heads of Xenogryllus in facial (left panel) and lateral views (right panel): (A–B) Xenogryllus eneopteroides; (C–D) Xenogryllus lamottei n. sp.; (E–F) Xenogryllus maichauensis; (G–H) Xenogryllus maniema n. sp.; (I–J) Xenogryllus marmoratus. (K–L); Xenogryllus mozambicus n. sp.; (M–N) Xenogryllus ululiu; (O–P) Xenogryllus transversus. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURE 5. Male FW venation in dorsal view: (A) Xenogryllus eneopteroides; (B) Xenogryllus lamottei n. sp.; (C) Xenogryllus maichauensis; (D) Xenogryllus maniema n. sp.; (E) Xenogryllus marmoratus; (F) Xenogryllus mozambicus n. sp.; (G) Xenogryllus transversus; (H) Xenogryllus ululiu. Scale bar: 5 mm.

FIGURE 7. Male genitalia: (A–C) Xenogryllus eneopteroides, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views; (D–E) Xenogryllus lamottei n. sp., ventral (D), lateral (E) views; (F–G) Xenogryllus maniema n. sp., ventral (F), lateral (G) views; (H–I) Xenogryllus marmoratus, ventral (H), lateral (I) views; (J–K) Xenogryllus mozambicus n. sp., ventral (J), lateral (K) views; (L– N) Xenogryllus maichauensis, pseudepiphallic lophi in ventral (L–M) and lateral (N) views, male from South China (L), male from Thailand (M, N); (O–P) Xenogryllus transversus, dorsal (O), ventral (P) views; (Q–R) Xenogryllus ululiu, pseudepiphallic lophi in dorsal (Q) and ventral (R) views. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURE 8. Right pseudepiphallic lophi of male genitalia in dorsal view: (A–B) Xenogryllus eneopteroides, male from Central African Republic (A), male from Ivory Coast (B); (C) Xenogryllus lamottei n. sp.; (D) Xenogryllus maichauensis; (E) Xenogryllus maniema n. sp.; (F) Xenogryllus mozambicus n. sp.; (G) Xenogryllus marmoratus; (H) Xenogryllus ululiu; (I) Xenogryllus transversus. Symbols: Preapical hook-like expansion figured in gray or with a black arrow; dotted parts represent membranous areas; thin lines represent folds and reliefs in sclerites. Scale bar: 1 mm.