Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) gwarakeraba, Vilarino & Bispo, 2020

Vilarino, Albane & Bispo, Pitágoras C., 2020, New records and two new species of Xiphocentron Brauer 1870 (Trichoptera Xiphocentronidae) from southern Atlantic Forest, Brazil, Zootaxa 4851 (2), pp. 386-400 : 389-391

Xiphocentron (Antillotrichia) gwarakeraba sp. nov.

Figs 3–9 , 20 , 39

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Diagnosis. Xiphocentron gwarakeraba is similar to X. acqualume , X. kamakan , and X. prolixum Flint 1996 by the very elongate inferior appendage (about three times as long as tergum IX). However, the new species differs from these and other congeners by the inner face of the inferior appendage without spines (with just a crenulated area), and a rounded mesal sclerite also without any spines on it ( Fig. 9 ) ( X. acqualume has a set of elongate spines in the inferior appendage; and X. kamakan , and X. prolixum have a mesal sclerite topped with spines). Xiphocentron gwarakeraba also can be differentiated from these species with elongate inferior appendage by the strongly bent preanal appendage (mostly linear in these other species).

Description. Adult male. Forewing length 4.6 mm; head and thorax yellowish brown in alcohol ( Fig. 20 ). Legs pale yellow, tibia of hind leg distinctly darker, except at proximal end. Maxillary palp in increasing order of length (I=II=III)-IV-V, segment IV shorter than sum of segments I+II+III. Spur formula 2, 4, 3; hind leg with unmodified apical spur. Forewing fork II and fork IV present; Sc reaching C subapically, meeting R1 apically; fork II sessile at discoidal cell, with crossvein between R4 and R5; thyridial cell shorter than discoidal cell; three anal veins present; opaque pterostigma present ( Figs 3, 4 ). Hindwing with fork II and fork V present. Sternum V bearing pair of anteroventral reticulated glandular regions.

Male genitalia. Tergum IX, in lateral view ( Fig. 7 ), subquadrate; in dorsal view ( Fig. 5 ), anterior margin with shallow incision; posterior margin produced as pair of rounded lobes divided by incision. Sternum IX, in lateral view ( Fig. 7 ), about as long as tall, truncate at apex with small projection, anterior apodeme filiform, straight, tapering to slender flange; in ventral view ( Fig. 6 ), almost round, posterior margin hoof-like with small incision. Paraproct, in lateral view ( Fig. 7 ), oblong, produced in narrow apicoventral lobe; in dorsal view ( Fig. 5 ), wider basally, tapering apically, apex cleft about 1/5 its length, membranous, bearing sensilla. Preanal appendage about 4x as long as tergum IX and as long as inferior appendage, setose; in lateral view ( Fig. 7 ), strongly curved caudoventrad at basal third, width almost subequal throughout length, slightly tapering to truncate apex; in dorsal view ( Fig. 5 ), narrower at mid-length, slightly tapered apically. Inferior appendage about 3x as long as tergum IX, setose, coxopodite and harpago completely fused, their point of fusion indicated by dorsomesal incision ( Fig. 5 ), basal region broad, apical region slender, digitate, apex slightly enlarged; in lateral view ( Figs 7, 9 ), apical region about 2x longer than basal region; in dorsal view ( Fig. 5 ), inner face crenulated, without conspicuous spines. Mesal sclerite small, rounded, without spines. Phallus tubular, long, slender, weakly sclerotized; in lateral view, apex straight; in dorsal view ( Fig. 8 ), phallobase wide, apex enlarged.

Etymology. Named in reference to the municipality of Guaraqueçaba, where the holotype was collected. The local name came from the Tupi (native Brazilian language) words: agwa’rá (a wading bird, Eudocimus ruber ), ker (sleep) and aba (place), meaning the place where these birds sleep.

Material examined. Holotype. BRAZIL— Paraná: ♂ ( DZRJ) Guaraqueçaba: Ribeirão do Engenho ; 25º10′31″S, 48º22′16.2″W; 25 m; 25.i.2011; JL Nessimian, LL Dumas leg.

Distribution. Brazil (Paraná state) ( Fig. 39 ).

Figures

FIGURE 39. Geographical distribution of the new species and analyzed species, including new records.

FIGURES 3–4. Xiphocentron gwarakeraba sp. nov., holotype male. 3, right wing venation, dorsal; 4, right forewing photograph, dorsal.

FIGURES 5–9. Xiphocentron gwarakeraba sp. nov., holotype, male genitalia. 5, dorsal; 6, ventral; 7, left lateral; 8, phallus, full length, dorsal. 9, left inferior appendage photograph, left lateroventral.

FIGURES 20–26. Xiphocentron spp. 20–22, heads and thoraces, dorsal: 20, Xiphocentron gwarakeraba sp. nov.; 21, X. muelleri sp. nov.; 22, X. jaguare Rocha et al. 2017. 23–24, X. jaguare head, arrow showing reduced segment V of maxillary palp: 23, frontal; 24, right lateroventral. 25–26, X. maracanan Vilarino et al. 2018 abdominal sternum V glands: 25, ventral, 80x magnification; 26, detail of cuticular reticulated area around a gland opening, ventral, 200x magnification. 20–24, scale bar = 0.5 mm.