Xylomoia strix stangelmaieri Mikkola, 1998

Haverinen, Risto, Pototski, Aleksander, Mutanen, Marko, Mikalauskas, Darius, Yakovlev, Roman V., Müller, Günter C., Prozorov, Alexey M. & Saldaitis, Aidas, 2024, Integrative review of Xylomoia strix, X. retinax and X. stangelmaieri (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Xyleninae, Apameini), ZooKeys 1221, pp. 309-342 : 309-342

Xylomoia strix stangelmaieri Mikkola, 1998 stat. nov.

Figs 2 , 5–10 , 42–45 , 69–71

Xylomoia strix stangelmaieri Mikkola, 1998 : Systematic Entomology 23: 182. TL: “ N Italy, Venezia Giulia, Caorle . ” Holotype male, ZMHF [examined].

Diagnosis.

Distinguished from X. strix strix by somewhat narrower dark field on forewings and from X. strix retinax by actual presence of this dark field (Figs 5–10 ) and fold of ductus bursae (Figs 69–71 ); from both subspecies by bigger pollex in male genitalia (Figs 42 , 43 , 45 ) and genetically, having an average p - distance of 1.89 % from X. strix strix and 1.75 % from X. strix retinax . Average p - distance between X. strix stangelmaieri and X. graminea is 2.28 %, X. strix stangelmaieri and X. chagnoni , 6.77 %, X. strix stangelmaieri and X. indirecta , 8.06 % (Fig. 90 ). Very local, so far found only on the Adriatic coast near Venice in northern Italy (Figs 91 , 92 ).

Variability.

Adults. Forewings may have reddish (Figs 5–8 ) or greyish tinge (Fig. 10 ), submarginal field may be paler (Figs 6 , 7 , 9 , 10 ) or darker in color (Figs 5 , 8 ). Male genitalia. Uncus may gradually narrow towards apex (Fig. 44 ) or be narrow only near its apex (Figs 42 , 43 , 45 ), pollex may be barely noticeable (Fig. 44 ) or well pronounced (Figs 42 , 43 , 45 ), saccus may be narrow (Figs 42 , 43 ) or wide (Figs 44 , 45 ), carina vary in size from small (Fig. 42 ) to large (Fig. 44 ), basal cornutus vary in size from small (Fig. 44 ) to large (Fig. 43 ), medial cornutus may be straight (Fig. 43 ) or curved (Figs 42 , 44 , 45 ). Female genitalia. Antevaginal plate may be narrow (Fig. 71 ) or thick (Fig. 70 ), bursa copulatrix may be narrow around connection with ductus bursae (Fig. 71 ); bursa copulatrix may have one (Fig. 70 ), two (Fig. 69 ), or three (Fig. 71 ) frontal signa; hind signum slightly varies in size.

Figures

Figure 90. Phylogenetic tree (Maximum Likelihood, HKY + F + I, 1000 ultrafast bootstrap replicates) for Xylomoia spp. built in IQ-TREE 2.2. 0 and pairwise distances (%) computed for each pair of taxa in MEGA X.

Figures 1–4. Adults and male genitalia of Xylomoia spp. with labels (ZMHF). 1, 4 HT male of X. strix, lacking features of phallus are indicated with arrows 2 HT male of X. stangelmaieri 3 HT male of X. retinax. Scale bars: 1 cm (for adults); 1 mm (for genitalia).

Figures 5–16. Adults of Xylomoia strix sspp. with labels. 5–10 X. strix stangelmaieri (CRH) 11–16 X. strix strix 11–14 CRH 15, 16. ASV. Scale bar: 1 cm.

Figures 42–45. Male genitalia of Xylomoia strix stangelmaieri. Depositories: 42, 44–45 CRH 43 ASV. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figures 69–71. Female genitalia of Xylomoia strix stangelmaieri. Abbreviations: f – frontal signum, h – hind signum. Depositories: 69 ASV 70, 71 CRH. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figures 91, 92. Collecting localities of Xylomoia strix subspecies: X. strix stangelmaieri in Italy, X. strix strix in Europe, and X. strix retinax in Asia. Colored tags mark collecting locations from where adults were barcoded. Circles with stars mark type localities 91 physical map 92 map of ecoregions: green colors indicate forests and steppes, purple – taiga (see ecoregions. appspot. com).