Zaitunia martynovae ( Andreeva & Tyshchenko, 1969 )

Sergei Zonstein & Yuri M. Marusik, 2016, A revision of the spider genus Zaitunia (Araneae, Filistatidae), European Journal of Taxonomy 214, pp. 1-97 : 48-53

Zaitunia martynovae ( Andreeva & Tyshchenko, 1969)

Figs 23–26 , 43 F, 50F

Filistata martynovae Andreeva & Tyshchenko, 1969: 374 , fig. 1 (♀).

Filistata martynovae – Andreeva 1976: 19, figs 13–14 (♀).

Zaitunia martynovae – Zonstein 1990: 50 (transfer from Filistata ).

Diagnosis

By the structure of the bulb, Z. martynovae resembles Z. spinimana sp. nov., but differs from it and all other male congeners by the long and flattened corkscrew-shaped embolus ( Figs 25 A–D, 43F). Females are easily distinguished from all other congeners due to their large and swollen median receptacles ( Fig. 26 ).

Type material

Holotype

TAJIKISTAN: ♀, Sanglok Mts , Tutkaul Village, 10 Sep. 1966, E. Martynova (depository unknown, not examined).

Material examined (1 ♂, 37 ♀♀, 2 ♀♀ subad., 5 juvs)

TAJIKISTAN: 1 ♀, Aruktau Mts , surroundings of Gandzhina, 37°58' N, 68°34' E, 700–900 m, 19– 20 Apr. 1986, S. Zonstein ( TAU) ; 1 ♀ subad., same data, but 13 Apr. 1987 ( TAU) ; 3 ♀♀, same data, but 11 Apr. 1988 ( TAU) ; 1 ♀, same data, but 19 Apr. 1989 ( TAU) ; 1 ♂, 6 ♀♀, same data, but 21 Apr. 2015, S. Zonstein ( TAU) ; 3 ♀♀, 2 ♀♀ subad., same data, but 37°57.7' N, 68°33.7' E, 716 m, 21 Apr. 2015, Y.M. Marusik ( ZMMU) ; 2 ♀♀, Sanglok Mts , 1 km W of Khodzharki (= Sebiston), 38°15' N, 69°15' E (10 km SE of Tutkaul village), 1300 m, 18 May 2002, S. Zonstein ( TAU) ; 2 ♀♀, Pyandzh Karatau Mts , surroundings of Mt. Astana, 37°23' N, 69°15' E, 1400–1600 m, 23 Apr. 1991, S. Zonstein ( TAU) ; 7 ♀♀, 1 juv., same data, but 37°23.2' N, 69°14.8' E, 1674 m, 4 May 2015, Y.M. Marusik ( ZMMU) ; 3 ♀♀, same data, but 37°22.8' N, 69°14.7' E, 1600 m, 4 May 2015, S. Zonstein ( TAU) ; 1 ♀, 1 juv., foothills 8 km E of Pyandzh town , 37°14.7' N, 69°14.0' E, 464 m, 5 May 2015, Y.M. Marusik ( ZMMU) ; 2 ♀♀, Khodzha- Mumin salt dome, 37°45.9' N, 69°38.6' E, 470 m, 25 Apr. 2015, S. Zonstein ( TAU) ; 1 ♀, 2 juvs, same data, but Yu.M. Marusik ( ZMMU) ; 1 ♀, 1 juv., Rangentau Mts , env. of Khurson, 38°10.7' N, 68°39.7' E, 724 m, clay cliff near road, 4 May 2015, Y.M. Marusik ( ZMMU) .

TURKMENISTAN: 3 ♀♀, Central Kopetdagh Mts, northern slope of Ulydepe Mts , 14 km W of Gektepe, 38º09'45" N, 57º47'05" E, 600 m, 1 Apr. 2002, A.V. Gromov ( ZMMU).

Note

Tutkaul village, the type locality of Filistata martynovae Andreeva & Tyshchenko , is now covered by the water of the Nurek Reservoir.

Description

Male (Gandzhina)

HABITUS. See Fig. 24 A, C.

BODY LENGTH. 3.47.

COLOUR. Prosoma and legs pale greyish-brownish-yellow; eye tubercle brownish-black; diffuse and narrow median line light brown (but margins of carapace not darkened), abdomen dorsally light brownish with diffuse pattern of slightly darker narrow median line anteriorly and a few transverse fasciae posteriorly.

CARAPACE ( Fig. 24 B, D). 1.52 long, 1.26 wide.

EYES ( Fig. 25 E). AME 0.07, ALE 0.11, PLE 0.09, PME 0.08, AME–AME 0.08.

PALP ( Figs 25 A–D, 43F). Relatively long and slender, 1.78 times longer than carapace; tibia 1.3 times wider than femur, dorso-distally with brush of strong setae; cymbium shorter than bulb; bulb sinuous in lateral view; spermophore sinuous in embolic neck; embolus longer than neck and equal in length to tegulum + neck, embolus bent twice.

LEG MEASUREMENTS. ♂(♀)

	Femur	Patella	Tibia	Metatarsus	Tarsus	Total
Palp	1.07 (0.93)	0.29 (0.36)	1.01 (0.55)	―	0.34 (0.67)	2.71 (2.51)
I	2.43 (1.95)	0.57 (0.57)	2.55 (1.89)	2.46 (1.57)	1.89 (1.18)	9.90 (7.16)
II	1.94 (1.53)	0.49 (0.51)	1.76 (1.28)	1.94 (1.17)	1.28 (0.84)	7.41 (5.33)
III	1.81 (1.26)	0.51 (0.47)	1.58 (0.97)	1.79 (0.98)	0.96 (0.76)	6.65 (4.44)
IV	2.34 (1.76)	0.48 (0.59)	2.17 (1.41)	2.43 (1.30)	1.54 (0.86)	8.96 (5.92)

Female (Gandzhina) HABITUS. See Fig. 23 C, G.

BODY LENGTH. 4.35.

COLOUR. As in male but abdomen slightly darker dorsally, and ventrally with darker X-shaped spot in genital area.

CARAPACE ( Fig. 23 I). 1.62 long, 1.29 wide.

EYES. AME 0.07, ALE 0.13, PLE 0.11, PME 0.09, AME–AME 0.06.

ENDOGYNE ( Fig. 26 A–C). With large and wide conical median receptacles and small globular lateral receptacles; median receptacles with corrugated stem, their bases separated by less than the diameter of their heads, heads separated by 1.6 of their diameter; heads of both pairs densely covered with gland pores.

Variations

Carapace length in females varies from 1.50 to 1.75. Variation of coloration and structure of the endogyne in females from Tajikistan and Turkmenistan is shown in Figs 23 A–B, D–F, and 26D–O, respectively. The body and leg pattern, including the X-shaped spot in the female genital area, may be well-developed or indistinct.

Ecology

This species is found in different habitats from foothill steppes and shrubland to open Juniperus forest in the middle mountain belt. The spiders occur under stones ( Fig. 50 B), and in crevices in clay escarps ( Fig. 50 C) and rock outcrops ( Fig. 50 D) where they build small webs below or near the cavity entrance ( Fig. 50 E, a close-up view of such a web is also shown in Fig. 50 F).

Distribution

Tajikistan and Turkmenistan ( Fig. 48 ).

Figures

Fig. 23. Somatic characters of Zaitunia martynovae (Andreeva & Tyshchenko, 1969) from Gandzhina (A, C, G, I – J) and Kopetdagh (B, D – F, H); ♀♀ (A – I) and ♂ (J). — A, C. Habitus, dorsal. B. Prosoma, lateral. D, G. Habitus, lateral. E, I. Prosoma, dorsal. F. Abdomen, ventral. H. Calamistrum, dorsal. J. Prosoma, dorso-lateral. Scale bars: A – B, D = 0.5 mm; E – F, H – J = 0.2 mm; G = 1.0 mm.

Fig. 24. Somatic characters of Zaitunia martynovae (Andreeva & Tyshchenko, 1969), ♂ from Gandzhina. A, C. Habitus, dorsal and lateral. B, D. Prosoma, dorsal and lateral.

Fig. 25. Palp and somatic characters of Zaitunia martynovae (Andreeva & Tyshchenko, 1969), ♂ from Gandzhina. A, D. Palp, retro- and prolateral. B – C. Terminal part of palp, retro-ventral and prolateral. E. Cephalic part of carapace, dorsal. F. Abdomen, ventral.

Fig. 26. Zaitunia martynovae (Andreeva & Tyshchenko, 1969), structure of endogyne in ♀♀ from Gandzhina (A – C, J), Kopetdagh (D – E), Babatagh (F – I, K – L) and Pyandzh Karatau (M – O). — A, I. Endogynal plate from above. B, D, L, N – O. Endogyne, dorsal. C, M. Endogyne, ventral. E, G, H, J – K. Endogyne, dorsal-anterior. F. Right pair of receptacles, dorsal-anterior.

Fig. 43. Male copulatory organs of Zaitunia species, retrolateral. A. Z. schmitzi (Kulczyński, 1911) (Jerusalem area). B. Z. annulipes (Kulczyński, 1908) (Paramali). C. Z. kunti sp. nov. (holotype). D. Z. minoica sp. nov. (paratype). E. Z. logunovi sp. nov. (paratype). F. Z. martynovae (Andreeva & Tyshchenko, 1969) (Gandzhina). Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 48. Distribution of Zaitunia logunovi and Zaitunia martynovae species groups.

Fig. 50. Live specimens of Zaitunia and habitats of Z. martynovae (Andreeva & Tyshchenko, 1969) in Southern Tajikistan. A. ♀ of Z. schmitzi (Kulczyński, 1911) on the turned stone bottom (Israel, Shoham, image courtesy of Amir Weinstein). B. Surroundings of Gandzhina: the spiders occur under the stones. C. Pyandzh-Karatau Mts, one of the co-authors (YM) near the clay escarps inhabited by filistatids. D. Foothills of the salt dome Khodzha-Mumin: the spiders inhabit crevices and cavities in the rock outcrops. E. One of the figured escarps, a close-up photo showing the twin entrance leading to the inhabited cavity. F. Captured ♀ of Z. martynovae (Andreeva & Tyshchenko, 1969) weaving a web in the cover of a collecting tube.