Zanna chartieri Constant, 2024

Constant, Jérôme & Pham, Hong Thai, 2024, Four new species of the lanternfly genus Zanna Kirkaldy, 1902 from Cambodia and Vietnam (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae), European Journal of Taxonomy 958, pp. 114-150 : 11-20

Zanna chartieri Constant sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:926CF853-E150-4282-984B-B99B17F1E37B

Figs 5–11 , 18B, F, J , 19C–D

Diagnosis

The species is closest to Zanna bidoupana sp. nov., Z. kusamae sp. nov. and Z.limbourgi Constant sp. nov., from which it can be separated by the following characters: basal portion of head ( Fig. 6B, E–F ) covered in large, rather well-spaced, black pitting with ‘background’ of dense, very small black pitting (dense, irregular, rather large, coarse, sometimes coalescent black pitting in Z. bidoupana – Fig. 3B, E–F ; moderately large, rather well-spaced, black pitting without ‘background’ of dense, very small black pitting in Z. kusamae – Fig. 12B, E–F ); anal tube of male ( Fig. 7A ) rather flattened dorsoventrally, 2.14 times as long as high in lateral view and with ventral angle at midlength (rather high in lateral view, 1.60–1.65 times as long as high, with ventral angle in basal half in Z. bidoupana and Z. limbourgi – Figs 3A , 16A ); pygofer of male in lateral view ( Fig. 7A ) with posterior margin moderately sinuate, forming a large, broadly rounded posterior lobe in dorsal half (posterior margin projecting into a large posterior lobe angularly rounded in midheight in Z. kusamae – Fig. 13A ; posterior margin projecting posteriad in dorsal ⅓, in large, apically rounded lobe forming nearly right angle in Z. limbourgi – Fig. 16A ).

Etymology

The species epithet is a patronym dedicated to Mr Gerard “Gee” Chartier (Tatai, Cambodia) who collected the type series and documented the biology of the species, in acknowledgment of his enthusiastic involvement in the progress of the knowledge of the Cambodian entomofauna.

Type material

Holotype

CAMBODIA • 1 ♂; Koh Kong Province, Tatai ; 11°35ʹ13ʺ N, 103°05ʹ50ʺ E; 18 Jan.–2 Feb. 2017; day time collecting; G. Chartier leg.; I.G.: 33.551 ; “Coll. I.R.Sc.N.B., Cambodia, Koh Kong prov., Tatai, 11°35ʹ13ʺ N, 103°05ʹ50ʺ E, 18.I-2.II.2017, day collecting, leg. G. Chartier, I.G.: 33.551”; RBINS.

Paratypes

CAMBODIA • 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; RBINS • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; RUPP .

Additional material examined

CAMBODIA • 6 nymphs; same collection data as for holotype; RBINS .

Description

MEASUREMENTS AND RATIOS. LT: ♂ (n= 4): 40.8 mm (38.4–41.8); ♀ (n =4): 41.8 (39.7–43.2). LTg/ BTg =3.8; LH/BH =4.8; LF/BF=6.0; BH/BPrH =2.2; LH/LT =0.41; wingspan (extrapolated): ♂: 48.0 mm (45.2–49.3), ♀: 49.3 mm (46.8–50.9).

HEAD ( Fig. 6B, E–F ). Strongly elongate, representing 41% of total length, gently and evenly narrowing towards apex with apical ⅓ more or less parallel-sided in dorsal view; apex slightly widening, then obliquely cut in lateral view and with incomplete, rim-shaped orange carina (missing in ventral portion); rather pale greyish brown entirely covered in dense, irregular black pitting with smaller pits on all surface and some dispersed, moderately large, not or very rarely coalescent pits in basal 2/3; some larger black pustules on side, with always 2–5 along carina of vertex. Lateral carinae of frons moderate, weakly zigzagged, more prominent towards apex, upcurved near apex and merging into a short dorsal carina reaching apex; lateral carinae of vertex moderate, merging with upcurved part of lateral carinae of frons; median carina of vertex obsolete. Labium pale brown, reaching mesocoxae.

THORAX ( Fig. 6B, E–F ). Pro- and mesonotum rather pale greyish brown entirely covered in dense, irregular, moderate black pitting with pits smaller than space between them and not (or very rarely) coalescent; median carina obsolete.

TEGMINA ( Fig. 6A, C–D ). Strongly elongate and reticulate, pale greyish brown, with more or less conspicuous, oblique brown band at basal ⅓, not extending on clavus; all surface irregularly covered in small to moderately large black spots, mostly on veins, larger ones slightly protruding; costal and postclaval margins subparallel, weakly diverging from base towards level of apex of clavus, then curved and weakly tapering towards apex; apical margin rounded. Main veins yellowish orange in basal portion. Clavus open.

VENATION. ScP+R forked in basal ⅓, MP forked more basally in basal 1/4; CuA forked near apex of clavus; PCu and A1 fused near apex of clavus; PCu+A1 fused with postclaval margin at nodal line.

HIND WINGS ( Fig. 6A, C ). Subhyaline, milky white with veins slightly darker, vein PCu pale brown in basal half; postclaval margin emarginate at A1 vein.

VENATION. ScP+R and MP forked at midlength; CuA forked slightly more basally then MP fork; PCu forked at basal ⅓; A1 forked close to base, A1 2 fused with A 2 in large distal portion and A1 2 +A2 forked slightly before reaching postclaval margin. Numerous crossveins in large portion along apical and postclaval margins.

LEGS ( Fig. 6A, C–D ). Pale greyish stramineous, pilose, rather short and robust. Pro- and mesocoxae with some small black markings; all femora with few small to minute black spots and conspicuous black spots aligned in a ring in distal ⅓, sometimes coalescent; pro- and mesotibiae with some small black spots, regularly in basal ¼, and with apex brown; pro- and mesotarsi with segments darker apically; metatibiae weakly brown basally with all spines apically black, 5–6 lateral spines and 8 apical spines; first metatarsomere with 11–15 apical spines ventrally; second metatarsomere with 9–10 apical spines ventrally; first and second metatarsomere with a dense pad of microsetae ventrally; third metatarsomere elongate with a subapical blackish brown ring. Metatibiotarsal formula: (5–6) 8/11–15/9–10.

ABDOMEN ( Fig. 6A, C ). Tergites smooth and shiny, yellowish brown; sternites (except pregenital one) yellowish brown with irregular small black dots.

MALE TERMINALIA ( Fig. 7 ). Pygofer (Py – Fig. 7A–D ) about 1.96 times as high as long in lateral view, robust with posterior margin sinuate, forming a large posterior lobe in dorsal half; lobe broadly rounded; sides rather strongly excavate in dorsal portion (visible in dorsal aspect, Fig. 7C ). Anal tube (An – Fig. 7A– C ) robust, relatively flattened, 2.14 times as long as high and with ventral margin oblique in distal half and weakly angular in midlength in lateral view; 1.24 times as long as wide, with sides diverging towards apex and with apical margin incurved in dorsal view; oval in caudal view; epiproct and paraproct rather strongly supassing anal tube, rounded posteriorly in dorsal aspect. Gonostyli (G – Fig. 7A–D ) elongate, 2.62 times as long as high; in lateral view, ventral margin broadly rounded and dorsal margin rather broadly rounded after lateral hook (lhg) but more strongly rounded at about midlength, apical margin rather narrowly rounded; lateral hook with basal portion projecting posterolaterad and apex strongly curved lateroventrad; in ventral view, lateral protrusion at about midlength, rather strongly marked and with posterior angle curved. Aedeagus ( Fig. 7E–H ) rather elongate with lateral processes (lpa) forming multiple lobes; dorsal process (dpa) weakly protruding dorsally in lateral view; dorsal endosomal process (dep) in dorsal view subtriangular with lateral margins nearly straight and median slit in distal portion.

Nymph (fifth instar – Figs 8 , 10A–D )

HEAD ( Figs 8A–C , 10A–D ). Pale grey, strongly elongate, representing nearly half of total length, flattened dorsally and with well-marked longitudinal carinae; evenly tapering towards apex; apex slightly dilated, obliquely truncate, and with incomplete, rim-shaped orange carina (missing in ventral portion); carinae with protruding black spots, black spots limited to distal portion on lateral carinae of vertex; some black spots around eyes and on clypeus; minute tubercles between lateral and sublateral carinae of frons, more densely grouped towards base and towards apex. Lateral carinae of frons upcurved near apex and merging into a short dorsal carina reaching apex; lateral carinae of vertex merging with upcurved part of lateral carinae of frons. Labium pale brown with apex dark brown, reaching mesocoxae.

THORAX ( Fig. 8A, C ). Pale grey with irregular, rather wide, laterodorsal black stripe extending on pronotum and basal portion of mesonotum. Pronotum with anterior margin projecting cephalad, largely covering base of head, and with numerous minute tubercles on lateral fields and lateroventral lobes; two subparallel, sinuate lateral carinae, ventral one not visible in dorsal aspect. Mesonotum about 1.75 times as long as pronotum, with black spot in middle of well-marked peridiscal carinae, group of minute tubercles in lateral fields and longitudinal brown marking on buds of tegmina; buds of tegmina reaching apex of buds of hind wings. Metanotum about as long as pronotum, with two black spots on dorsolateral carinae and group of minute tubercles in lateral fields.

LEGS ( Fig. 8A–C ). Pale grey, pilose, rather short and robust. Coxae with some small black markings; metacoxae with gear-shaped structures. Pro- and mesofemora with more or less coalescent black spots aligned in a ring in distal ⅓. Pro- and mesotibiae with 3 evenly spaced, more or less complete black rings, with first one at basal ¼ and last one at apex. Pro- and mesotarsi black with basal half of apical segment pale grey. Metafemora with irregular black ring at distal ⅓ and more or less coalescent black spots in basal portion. Metatibiae dorsally with narrow, irregular blackish brown stripe at basal ⅓; ventrally with basal dark brown marking and black spots in distal half; laterally with irregular black spots; 5 lateral and 8 apical spines tipped with blackish brown. Metatarsi pale grey with apical half of last segment black; first metatarsomere with 9 apical spines ventrally; second metatarsomere with 8–9 apical spines ventrally; first and second metatarsomere with a dense pad of microsetae ventrally. Metatibiotarsal formula: (5) 8/9/8–9. ABDOMEN ( Fig. 8A–C ). Pale grey. Tergites short and wide, with some small black spots in middle portion and curved black line on sides forming a zigzagged pattern not reaching apex; longitudinal ridge in lateral portion, not reaching anterior and posterior margins; groups of minute tubercles in posterolateral portion of visible segments. Sternites with some small black dots.

Biology

In 2017, between 17 January and 25 March, many specimens, nymphs and adults, were observed in Tatai, Koh Kong Province, Cambodia (G. Chartier, pers. com., Jan.–Feb. 2017), in a clearing covered in grass and other herbaceous plants at Rainbow Lodge. They were present in high density ( Fig. 9D ), with up to 40 nymphs at different stages, four emerging adults and two adults, counted in an area aproximatively 1× 1.5 m on 18 January 2017. The very cryptic nymphs were all feeding on an unidentified species of creeping Fabaceae in the genus Desmodium Desv. , leaving some characteristic white wax deposits on the stems they were sitting on ( Fig. 10 ). The last instar nymphs seemed to move to more vertical stems before their final moult ( Figs 9A–B , 11 ), even often climbing on different plant species like, for example, a newly emerged adult on the Melastomataceae, Melastomasanguineum Sims ( Fig. 9C ) but no nymph was observed feeding on this plant. The adults seemed to move to other plants which were not found, and they were never seen feeding on Desmodium .

More specimens were recorded (photographed) by G.C., always at the same place in Tatai: on 1 st November 2012, an adult in a bathroom at night, presumably attracted to light; on 20 February and 25 March 2014, one adult each time in a house, the latter at night time, presumably attracted to light; 2–4 August 2017, several nymphs on Desmodium sp. ; 7–24 March 2018, several adults and nymphs on Desmodium sp. ; 1 June 2018, one adult on Melastoma sp. ; 2–4 March 2019, several adults and nymphs on Desmodium sp. ; 27 December 2019 – 25 February 2020, several adults and nymphs on Desmodium sp.

Distribution

Cambodia: Koh Kong Province ( Fig. 5 ).

Figures

Fig. 5. Zanna, new spp. from Cambodia and Vietnam, distribution map.

Fig. 6. Zanna chartieri Constant sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (RBINS). A. Habitus dorsal view. B. Head and thorax, dorsal view. C. Habitus, ventral view. D. Habitus, lateral view. E. Head, ventral view. F. Head and thorax, lateral view.

Fig. 7. Zanna chartieri Constant sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (RBINS), terminalia. A–D. Pygofer, anal tube and gonostyli. A. Left lateral view. B. Caudal view. C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. E–H. Aedeagus. E. Left lateral view.F. Dorsal view.G. Laterodorsal view.H. Ventral view.Abbreviations: see Materials and methods.

Fig. 8. Zanna chartieri Constant sp. nov., nymph. A. Habitus dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Habitus, lateral view.

Fig. 9. Zanna chartieri Constant sp. nov., in nature in Tatai, Cambodia (photographs © G. Chartier). A. Adult on Desmodium sp., 20 Jan. 2017. B. Adult on unidentified plant, 17 Jan. 2017. C. Adult on Melastomasanguineum, lateral view, 17 Jan. 2017. D. Habitat, position of nymphs marked with red arrows, 20 Jan. 2017.

Fig. 10. Zanna chartieri Constant sp. nov., nymphs in nature in Tatai, Cambodia, on Desmodium sp. (photographs © G. Chartier). A–B. 4th instar nymphs. A. Laterodorsal view, 18 Jan. 2017. B. Lateral view, 20 Jan. 2017. C–D. 5th instar nymphs, 17 Jan. 2017. C. Lateral view. D. Dorsal view. E–F. Groups of nymphs. E. On vertical twig, 20 Jan. 2017. F. On creeping twig close to ground, 19 Jan. 2019.

Fig. 11. Zannachartieri Constant sp. nov., emerging adult in nature in Tatai, Cambodia, onDesmodium sp. (photographs © G. Chartier). A. Emerging adult with 4th and 5th instar nymphs, 18 Jan. 2017. B. 18 Jan. 2017. C–H. Time lapse of final moult of the same specimen, 18 Jan. 2017.

Fig. 18. Zanna, new spp. from Cambodia and Vietnam, key characters. A–D. Prothotax and basal half of head, lateral view. E–H. Head and thorax, dorsal view. I–L. Right tegmen. A, E, I. Z. bidoupana sp. nov. B, F, J. Z. chartieri Constant sp. nov. C, G, K. Z. kusamae sp. nov. D, H, L. Z. limbourgi Constant sp. nov., (not to scale).

Fig. 19. Zanna, new spp. from Cambodia and Vietnam, key characters of pygofer, anal tube and gonostyli. A, C, E, G. Lateral view. B, D, F, H. Dorsal view. A–B. Z. bidoupana sp. nov. C–D. Z. chartieri Constant sp. nov. E–F. Z. kusamae sp. nov. G–H. Z. limbourgi Constant sp. nov. (scale bars =1 mm). Abbreviations: see Materials and methods.

Fig. 3. Zannabidoupana sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (RBINS), terminalia. A–D. Pygofer, anal tube and gonostyli. A. Left lateral view. B. Caudal view. C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. E–H. Aedeagus.E. Left lateral view. F. Dorsal view. G. Laterodorsal view. H. Ventral view. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

Fig. 12. Zanna kusamae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (RBINS). A. Habitus dorsal view. B. Head and thorax, dorsal view. C. Habitus, ventral view. D. Habitus, lateral view. E. Head, ventral view. F. Head and thorax, lateral view.

Fig. 16. Zanna limbourgi Constant sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (RBINS), terminalia. A–D. Pygofer, anal tube and gonostyli. A. Left lateral view. B. Caudal view. C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. E–H. Aedeagus. E. Left lateral view.F. Dorsal view.G. Laterodorsal view.H. Ventral view.Abbreviations: see Materials and methods.

Fig. 13. Zannakusamae sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (RBINS), terminalia. A–D. Pygofer, anal tubeand gonostyli. A. Left lateral view. B. Caudal view. C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. E–H. Aedeagus. E. Left lateral view. F. Dorsal view. G. Laterodorsal view. H. Ventral view. Abbreviations: see Materials and methods.