Zatypota chryssophaga Matsumoto

Matsumoto, Rikio & Takasuka, Keizo, 2010, A revision of the genus Zatypota Förster of Japan, with descriptions of nine new species and notes on their hosts (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae), Zootaxa 2522, pp. 1-43 : 16-17

Zatypota chryssophaga Matsumoto , sp. nov.

Female. Head ( Figs 4 , 17 ). Flagellum with 19-20 segments; frons impunctate and polished; face and clypeus finely punctate, with rather short pubescence, the former with weak median longitudinal ridge, weakly separated from the latter by a shallow supraclypeal suture; face between antennal socket and supraclypeal suture 1.2 x its minimum width between eyes, with a pair of shallow vertical furrows arising from supraclypeal suture; clypeus 1.5 x its length, with apical margin weakly truncate medially; eye bare, its inner margin almost straight to very slightly convergent downward; ocelli of moderate size, eye remote from lateral ocellus by 1.5 x maximum diameter of the latter; mandible slightly turned upward, with upper tooth much longer than the lower, rather strongly tapered, about 0.5–0.6 x as wide as the basal width at the middle, outer face of mandible covered with rather long pubescence; palpi formula 4: 3; malar space about 0.4–0.5 x basal width of mandible, weakly granulate between lower end of eye and upper end of mandible base; hypostomal carina narrowly lamellate between the lower articulation of mandible and junction of occipital and hypostomal carinae; vertex with inter-ocellar area weakly raised; outline of gena slightly rounded in dorsal view; occipital interrupted and dipped mediodorsally, weakly bowed forward in dorsal view.

Mesosoma . Pronotum ( Figs 29 , 41 ) wide in dorsal view due to laterally rather strongly reflexed lower part, with anterior margin weakly reflexed, mediodorsally thickened and produced into a backwardly directed tooth, a dorsomedian bridge connects it with hind margin, lateral face polished, with distinct strong epomia; upper end of epomia rather remote from upper margin of pronotum and lower part almost reaching to lower margin; mesoscutum in front of scuto-scutellar groove 1.1 x as long as wide in dorsal view, bare, smooth and polished all over, with moderately deep but somewhat vague notauli converging to a shallow hollow located at the middle of mesoscutum; mesoscutum strongly convex, with anterior slope steep, making right angle to lateroventral margin of mesoscutum in lateral view; epicnemial carina distinct, almost straight on mesopleuron ( Fig. 53 ), with its upper end surpassing the level of lower corner of pronotum and rather far from posterior margin of pronotum; mesopleuron almost impunctate, bare and polished laterally, densely covered with pubescence ventrally, with a short but distinct groove below speculum; mesopleural suture weakly foveolate above mesepisternal scrobe; scutellum moderately convex; propodeum ( Figs 65 , 77 ) with rather dense pubescence laterally, areas basalis and superomedia, and areas posterialis and postero-externa fused respectively, carinae delimiting these combined areas distinct; lateral longitudinal carina indistinct anteriorly; pleural carina complete; propodeal spiracle touching pleural carina; metapleuron ( Fig. 77 ), impunctate and bare; submetapleural carina complete, strong and straight.

Wings. Fore wing ( Fig. 89 ) with vein Rs+M basad of cu-a by 3– 4 x the width of the vein, 2rs-m about 0.2 x the length of M between 2rs-m and 2m-cu; vein cu-a moderately inclined; vein Cu1a separated from 1m-cu by the length of Cu1b. Hind wing ( Fig. 101 ) with vein M+ Cu moderately bowed; distal abscissa of Cu absent; vein cu-a moderately inclivous to vein 1A.

Legs. Fore femora weakly inflated, 3.3–3.6 x as long as maximum width; hind femur 4.1–4.5 x as long as maximum width: hind tibia 8.6–9.1 x as long as apical width; first tarsal segment of hind leg as long as the second and third segments combined or a little shorter; fifth segment as long as second and a little longer than the third.

Metasoma ( Fig. 113 ). T1 rugoso-striate except smooth posterior margin, with pair of posterolateral oblique impressions from spiracle toward middle of posterior margin, with dorsomedian longitudinal carina extending to 0.8 of its length and convergent basally and parallel posteriorly in dorsal view; dorsolateral longitudinal carina usually distinct, reaching to basal 0.7–0.8 of the length of T1, with spiracle located on it; T2 smooth and polished with distinct and very sharply impressed anterolateral and posterolateral oblique grooves, defining a central weakly convex rhombic area; these grooves furnished with very short, dense and distinct longitudinal ridges on them; T3–4 similar to T2, smooth and polished, with anterolateral oblique groove more transverse, making the central areas triangular; short ridges on the groove weaker than those of T2; T5 with shallow trace of posterolateral oblique groove, otherwise smooth; T1 1.2–1.3 x as long as apical width; T2 0.8–0.9 x as long as T1 and 0.7–0.8 x as long as apical width. Ovipositor relatively long, projecting beyond apex of metasoma by 0.55 x length of hind tibia, straight; upper valve of ovipositor weakly thickened at the middle, tapered to sharp point; lower valve moderately thickened basally and medially, then tapered to sharp point.

Coloration. Head mostly black with following parts yellowish white: pedicel and scape below, triangular marking below antennal socket, lower half of clypeus, mandible except tip and palpi; pale mark under antennal socket extend dorsally for a short distance along inner orbit; flagellum blackish brown. Mesosoma mostly reddish brown; pronotum dark brown anteriorly and laterally, with posteroventral corner lamellate and brown tinged translucent; propleuron dark brown, with posterior corner pale brown; latero-dorsal corner of pronotum, tegula and subalar prominence yellowish white; median lobe of mesoscutum blackish, with pair of yellowish white markings on both sides; lateral lobe of mesoscutum darkened medially, with yellowish white marking on lateral face; scutellum yellowish and postscutellum black; mesopleuron dark brown to black ventrally; propodeum and metapleuron black, posterior margin of the latter brownish. Legs fulvous; coxa, trochanter and trochantellus of fore and mid leg ivory; hind leg with coxa above, trochanter, trochantellus, tip of femur yellowish white; hind tibia whitish, with basal 0.2 pale brown and apical 0.3 blackish brown; hind tarsus brown. Wings hyaline, pterostigma brown. Metasomal tergites black. Ovipositor brown, sheath black.

Length. Fore wing 3.4–4.1 mm.

Male. Similar to female but slightly smaller; flagellum with 18 segments. Hind femur stouter 3.7–3.8 x as long as the width. First segment of hind tarsus as long as fifth.

Length. Fore wing 3.4 mm.

Cocoon ( Fig. 129 ). White to milky, sub-cylindrical, rather densely spun, with irregular whorls of looser silk on its surface, with a distinct caudal hole. The cap of cocoon is cut off circularly by adult female on its emergence.

Variation. Body color rather stable among type specimens. Some specimens lateral face of pronotum darker. Postscutellum, metapleuron and metasomal tergites brownish in ɗ.

Host. Chrysso foliata (L. Koch) (Theridiidae) .

Biological notes. The type locality is a secondary wood, a mixture of deciduous and evergreen trees. The host spider, Chrysso foliata , was observed to form irregular three dimensional web under leaves and to winter as subadult under the leaf of the evergreen shrubs such as Ilex crenata and Eurya japonica . The parasitoid passes the winter in the stage of early instar larva on the host spider. The larva ( Fig. 128 ) locates on anterodorsal surface of the host abdomen. In the field the larvae of the parasitoid seem to mature around the end of March.

Comments. This species is easily separated from all other congeners by the medio-dorsally narrowly interrupted and dipped occipital carina. The median longitudinal ridge on face indicates close affinities of this spedies with Z. baragi , Z. takayu or Z. yambar .

Etymology. The specific name refers to host-parasitoid interaction with the host spider.

Distribution records. Japan: Honshu, Kyushu.

Specimens examined. Type series (All reared specimens were from C. foliata ). Holotype Ψ, 15.XII.2008, (larva on host, cocooned 2.I., emer. 13.I.), Yata-cho (34°39’51”N, 135°44’18”E, (WGS 84), 230m a.s.l.), Yamato-Kouriyama, Nara Pref., Japan, (R. Matsumoto), [OMNH, TI-388]. Paratypes: [Honshu] 1ɗ, 19.I.2009 (larva on host, cocooned 30.I., emer. 8.II.), Ichibu-cho, Ikoma, NaraPref., (R.M.); 2ɗɗ1Ψ, 22.II.2007, (larva on host, cocooned 26–27. II., emer. 6– 8.III.), same locality, as holotype (R.M.); 1Ψ, 26.II.2007 (larva on host, cocooned 27. II., emer. 11.III.), same locality, (R.M.); 2ΨΨ, 6.III.2007 (larva on host, cocooned 10.III., emer. 20–21.III.), same locality, (R.M.) (1Ψ BMNH); 1Ψ, 21.III.2007 (penultimate instar larva on host, cocooned 23. III., emer. 1.IV.), same locality, (R.M.); 1ɗ2ΨΨ, 21.XII.2008, (larva on host, cocooned 2– 4.I., emer. 12–16.I.), same locality, (R.M.); 2ɗɗ1Ψ, 23.XII.2008, (larva on host, cocooned 1– 2.I., emer. 15.I.), same locality, (R.M.); 1ɗ, 13.I.2009, (larva on host, cocooned 28.I., emer. 3.II.), same locality, (R.M.); 1ɗ1Ψ, 30.I.2009, (larva on host, cocooned 8– 10.II., emer. 15–21.II.), same locality, (R.M.); 4ɗɗ3ΨΨ, 7.XII.2009, (larva on host, emer. 28.XII.), same locality, (R.M.); 1ɗ1Ψ, 6.II.2009 (larva on host, cocooned 14–15.II., emer. 22–25.II.), Iimoriyama, Shijonawate, Osaka Pref., (R.M.); 1ɗ, 29.XII.2008 (larva on host, cocooned 4.I., emer. 17.I.), Satsukiyama, Ikeda, Osaka Pref., (R.M.); 2ΨΨ, 2.III.2009 (larva on host, cocooned 7.III., emer. 17–18.III.), same locality (R.M.); 1Ψ, 1.II.2009 (larva on host, cocooned 12.II., emer. 22.III.), Inunakikeikoku, Izumisano, Osaka Pref., (R.M.). [Kyushu] 1Ψ, 10.VII.1995, Ichifusayama, Mizukami, Kumamoto Pref., (T.Tachi).

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 13. Scanning electon micrography of head of Zatypota spp. (female) in anterior view (1 – 12) and lateral aspect (13). 1, Z. albicoxa; 2, Z. baragi (paratype); 3, Z. brachycera (paratype); 4, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 5, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 6, Z. elegans (paratype); 7, Z. grachilipes; 8, Z. maculata (paratype); 9, Z. percontatoria; 10, Z. sulcata (paratype); 11, Z. takayu (paratype); 12, Z. yambar (paratype); 13, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 14 – 25. Scanning electron micrography of head of Zatypota spp. (female) in posterior view. 14, Z. albicoxa; 15, Z. baragi (paratype); 16, Z. brachycera (paratype); 17, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 18, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 19, Z. elegans (paratype); 20, Z. grachilipes; 21, Z. maculata (paratype); 22, Z. percontatoria; 23, Z. sulcata (paratype); 24, Z. takayu (paratype); 25, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 26 – 37. Scanning electron micrography of pronotum and anterior part of mesoscutum of Zatypota spp (female) in dorsal aspect. 26, Z. albicoxa; 27, Z. baragi (paratype); 28, Z. brachycera (paratype); 29, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 30, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 31, Z. elegans (paratype); 32, Z. grachilipes; 33, Z. maculata (paratype); 34, Z. percontatoria; 35, Z. sulcata (paratype); 36, Z. takayu (paratype); 37, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 38 – 49. Scanning electron micrography of pronotum of Zatypota spp (female) in lateral view. 38, Z. albicoxa; 39, Z. baragi (paratype); 40, Z. brachycera (paratype); 41, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 42, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 43, Z. elegans (paratype); 44, Z. grachilipes; 45, Z. maculata (paratype); 46, Z. percontatoria; 47, Z. sulcata (paratype); 48, Z. takayu (paratype); 49, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 50 – 61. Scanning electron micrography of mesopleuron of Zatypota spp (female) in lateral view. 50, Z. albicoxa; 51, Z. baragi (paratype); 52, Z. brachycera (paratype); 53, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 54, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 55, Z. elegans (paratype); 56, Z. grachilipes; 57, Z. maculata (paratype); 58, Z. percontatoria; 59, Z. sulcata (paratype); 60, Z. takayu (paratype); 61, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 62 – 73. Scanning electron micrography of propodeum of Zatypota spp (female) in dorsal view. 62, Z. albicoxa; 63, Z. baragi (paratype); 64, Z. brachycera (paratype); 65, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 66, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 67, Z. elegans (paratype); 68, Z. grachilipes; 69, Z. maculata (paratype); 70, Z. percontatoria; 71, Z. sulcata (paratype); 72, Z. takayu (paratype); 73, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 74 – 85. Scanning electron micrography of propodeum and metapleuron of Zatypota spp (female) in lateral view. 74, Z. albicoxa; 75, Z. baragi (paratype); 76, Z. brachycera (paratype); 77, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 78, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 79, Z. elegans (paratype); 80, Z. grachilipes; 81, Z. maculata (paratype); 82, Z. percontatoria; 83, Z. sulcata (paratype); 84, Z. takayu (paratype); 85, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 86 – 97. Fore wings of of Zatypota spp (female). 86, Z. albicoxa; 87, Z. baragi (paratype); 88, Z. brachycera (paratype); 89, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 90, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 91, Z. elegans (paratype); 92, Z. grachilipes; 93, Z. maculata (paratype); 94, Z. percontatoria; 95, Z. sulcata (paratype); 96, Z. takayu (paratype); 97, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 98 – 109. Hind wings of of Zatypota spp (female). 98, Z. albicoxa; 99, Z. baragi (paratype); 100, Z. brachycera (paratype); 101, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 102, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 103, Z. elegans (paratype); 104, Z. grachilipes; 105, Z. maculata (paratype); 106, Z. percontatoria; 107, Z. sulcata (paratype); 108, Z. takayu (paratype); 109, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 110 – 121. Scanning electron micrography of first and second metasomal tergite of Zatypota spp (female). 110, Z. albicoxa; 111, Z. baragi (paratype); 112, Z. brachycera (paratype); 113, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 114, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 115, Z. elegans (paratype); 116, Z. grachilipes; 117, Z. maculata (paratype); 118, Z. percontatoria; 119, Z. sulcata (paratype); 120, Z. takayu (paratype); 121, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 122 – 141. Host spider, larva and cocoon of Zatypota spp. 122 – 123, Z. albicoxa; 124 – 125, Z. baragi; 126 – 127, Z. brachycera; 128 – 129, Z. chryssophaga; 130 – 131, Z. dendrobia; 132 – 133, Z. elegans; 134 – 135, Z. maculata; 136 – 137, Z. percontatoria; 138 – 139, Z. sulcata; 140 – 141, Z. takayu.