Zemacrosaldula pangare, Larivière, Marie-Claude & Larochelle, André, 2015

Larivière, Marie-Claude & Larochelle, André, 2015, Zemacrosaldula, a new genus of Saldidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from New Zealand: taxonomy, geographic distribution, and biology, Zootaxa 3955 (2), pp. 245-266 : 260-265

Zemacrosaldula pangare new species

Zemacrosaldula pangare Larivière & Larochelle , new species. Holotype: male (NZAC) labelled “ NEW ZEALAND WD Jct Waikukupa Riv[er] & Hwy [=Highway] 6 200m 4326 S 17004 E 11.III.2007 Larivière, Larochelle / Sandy-silty stream in glacial moraine entering main river: on water-logged sand with dead leaves & algae / HOLOTYPE [male symbol] Zemacrosaldula pangare Larivière & Larochelle, 2015 (red label). Paratypes: 13 males (1 CMNZ, 1 LUNZ, 1 MONZ, 10 NZAC) and 10 females (1 CMNZ, 1 LUNZ, 1 MONZ, 7 NZAC) with same data as holotype, bearing blue paratype labels.

Description. Body length 4.65–5.63 (5.10) mm; broad-ovate ( Fig. 4 ). Dorsal colour largely dark brown to black, with distinctive maroon hue, uniformly dark lateral margins of pronotum, and very few individual (not coalesced) whitish markings on hemelytra; exocorium nearly immaculate but frequently with a rather large (more rarely small) subquadrate medial mark subapically. Facial colour ( Fig. 10 ) not contrasted. Head, pronotum and scutellum strongly shiny, contrasting moderately against mostly shiny hemelytra. Dorsal pubescence very short, reclined to semi-erect, whitish to slightly golden, very sparse (reduced) and quite unevenly distributed (more so than in Z. whakarunga ). Dorsal microsculpture very slightly rugulose on head; similarly developed although partly lacking on pronotum and scutellum. Macropterous. Head black. Face ( Fig. 10 ) glabrous (pubescent in other species). Transverse swelling black or, very rarely, more lightly coloured at sides or near facial midline (but still mostly black); lateral portions contiguous or, rarely, separated by a narrow to rather wide dark gap near facial midline. Mandibular plates, maxillary plates, anteclypeus, and labrum black; maxillary plates seldom marked with brown speckles; anteclypeus and labrum sometimes lighter brown or narrowly marked with brown apically. Antennae 3.98–4.00x longer than pronotum + collar medially, largely dark; segment I black or with apical fourth to half dark yellowish brown or pale brown (not distinctly striped as in Z. whakarunga ); segment II dark brown to black, often shortly paler subapically, 2.59–2.61x longer than segment I; segments III–IV dark brown to black. Thorax. Lateral margins of pronotum subrectilinear to slightly convex, uniformly black. Underside black, with barely contrasting narrowly to very narrowly pale (rarely completely dark) acetabulum I, narrowly pale to completely dark acetabulum II, completely dark (rarely very narrowly pale) acetabulum III, and completely dark lateral margins; rarely, if ever, with lateral margins narrowly pale brown near posterior edge; pubescence very sparse or evanescent (overall mostly glabrous). Legs largely dark; fore, mid, and usually hind femora entirely black, at most shortly tinged with dark yellowish brown or pale brown subapically; tibiae with dark brown to black dorsal stripe over most of length (hind tibiae often infuscate only) and black subapical annulus, otherwise dark yellowish brown with dark spines; hind tibiae about 2.87–2.91x longer than tarsal segments II+III combined; tarsal segment II not of barely darkened apically, otherwise yellowish brown, segment III completely dark brown to black (often paler in basal half on hind tarsus); pretarsal claws rather short, about a third of the length of tarsal segment III. Scutellum black, 1.61–1.89x longer than pronotum + collar medially. Hemelytra: costal margin ( Fig. 4 ) convex and embolium basally explanate as in Z. whakarunga ; embolar modification of female moderately developed (strongly developed in other species); corium ( Fig. 14 ) largely black with very few irregular, rather small, individual (not coalesced) whitish markings; markings lacking in basal third on each side of R vein (as opposed to Z. whakarunga ); endocorium with a line of three pale spots (often reduced to one or two) along R vein, with or without additional speckles subapically along membrane (as opposed to Z. whakarunga ); exocorium without coalesced markings (as opposed to Z. australis ) or a subquadrate mark at about midlength (as opposed to Z. whakarunga and Z. kapekape ), with very few individual markings and a rather large subquadrate medial marking subapically (often reduced, sometimes absent); colour pattern in female consistent with that of male but regularly with a larger subapical medial mark on exocorium; corium in darkest individuals almost entirely black and barely speckled; clavus largely pruinose; corium partially pruinose (inner endocorium, subbasal exocorium, especially embolium); basal pale spot of clavus absent; subapical pale spot of clavus present or, more rarely, absent; membrane brown to black basally, without pale mark near tip of clavus, brown medially within cells and around margin, pale within cells on each side of brown medial mark, and with dark brown to black veins. Abdomen. Venter black, with or without posterior margin of at least some segments narrowly pale. Pubescence much shorter than in other Zemacrosaldula species, very sparse along middle, nearly lacking elsewhere, silvery, appressed in both sexes. Male parandria as in Z. whakarunga (see Fig. 20 ). Male paramere ( Fig. 18 ) with distinct, slightly developed processus sensualis bearing less than 10 setae; processus hamatus broadly rounded at tip. Apical half of male aedeagus, in lateral view, with 3 main visible sclerites as in Z. whakarunga (see Fig. 22 ). Male filum gonopori coiled 1.25 times as in Z. whakarunga (see Fig. 25). Female subgenital plate (segment VII, ventrally) completely black or at most with apical half of sides pale. Other characters as in generic description.

Geographic distribution ( Fig. 26 ). South Island west coast, in the vicinity of the Fox and Franz Josef glaciers.

Material examined. A total of 44 specimens including types ( NZAC), from the following localities. South Island. WD —Junction of Clearwater River & Gillespies Beach Road ( NZAC); Junction of Waikukupa River & Highway 6 ( NZAC); Franz Josef ( NZAC).

Biology. Altitudinal range. Lowland (50–200 m). Habitat. Found along a sandy silty stream in a glacial moraine entering a main river, on waterlogged sand and seepages with sparse dead leaves and algae (several specimens, Junction Waikukupa River and Highway 6); in glacial moraine, among cushion plants (one specimen, Franz Josef); on bare silty ground patch along an otherwise stony riverbank (one specimen, Junction Clearwater River and Gillespies Beach Road). Apparently not obligatory saxicolous. Seasonality. Adults collected in March; newly emerged adults (tenerals) also found in March. Food. Predatory or scavenger. Behaviour. Sluggish, jumping for a distance of 15 cm or less, if jumping at all, when disturbed (several specimens, Junction Waikukupa River and Highway 6). Presumably heliophilous like other Zemacrosaldula species.

Remarks. The species name ‘pangare’ means beardless in Maori. It refers to the smooth, hairless face of this species and its overall shinier, more glabrous appearance, compared to other Zemacrosaldula species.

It is mostly the above mentioned appearance and structural differences in the male genitalia that set Z. pangare apart from Z. whakarunga . The maroon hue of the dorsum, best seen in oblique lateral view, appears mostly due to the pruinosity of the hemelytra. A similar colour hue can, to some extent, also be seen on the eyes and antennae. The following characters are also diagnostic for Z. pangare : face almost entirely black; hemelytra lacking markings in the basal third of the corium on each side of R vein and bearing a subquadrate medial mark subapically on the exocorium.

While all other Zemacrosaldula species are primarily saxicolous and live close to the waterline of main river channels, Z. pangare favours waterlogged soil and ground seepages located at some distance from stony-gravelly riverbanks and riverbeds. See also Remarks under Z. whakarunga .

Junction of Danseys Pass Road & S Branch of Maerewhenua River DN -44.9333 170.5833 Junction of Kowhai River & Postmans Road KA -42.3667 173.5833

......continued on the next page ......continued on the next page Urewera National Park, Waimana River Valley, Pohatu Track, 3.2 km BP -38.2911 177.1004 E Tauwhare

Vinegar Hill, Junction of Vinegar Hill Road & Rangitikei River RI -39.9167 175.6333 Waimakariri Gorge MC -43.3600 172.0503 Waimakariri Gorge, N of Waddington MC -43.3500 172.0500 Waimakariri River MC -43.4039 172.1100 Waioeka Gorge, N of Oponae and S of Opotiki BP -38.2005 177.3008 Wairau River, 2.5 km N of Leatham Road MB -41.6333 173.2167 Wairau River, Church Lane end MB -41.5333 173.5500 Wakarara, upper Waipawa River HB -39.7831 176.2656 Whakapapanui Stream, Junction Mahuia Rapid & Highway 47 TO -39.1333 175.5000 Whangaehu River, 5km N of Mangamahu WI -39.8000 175.3500 Winton, Oreti River SL -46.1333 168.2833

Figures

FIGURE 26. Collecting localities of Zemacrosaldula species, New Zealand.

FIGURES 1 – 4. Dorsal views of Zemacrosaldula species (legs and antennae omitted). Scale bar = 1 mm. (1) Z. australis, (2) Z. kapekape, (3) Z. whakarunga, (4) Z. pangare.

FIGURES 5 – 10. Facial views of Zemacrosaldula species. (5 – 7) Z. australis, (8) Z. kapekape, (9) Z. whakarunga, (10) Z. pangare.

FIGURES 13 – 14. Eunomy (left corium), with more frequently observed pigmentation patterns indicated by an asterisk (*). (13) Zemacrosaldula whakarunga, (14) Z. pangare.

FIGURES 15 – 24. Schematic views of male genitalia. (15 – 18) Paramere, ventral view. (15) Zemacrosaldula australis, (16) Z. kapekape (ph = processus hamatus), (17) Z. whakarunga (ps = processus sensualis), (18) Z. pangare. (19 – 20) Parandria, posterior view. (19) Z. australis, (20) Z. whakarunga. (21 – 22) Anterior half of aedeagus, lateral view. (21) Z. australis, (22) Z. whakarunga. (23) Sclerites of aedeagus, Z. australis, ventral view. (24 – 25) Filum gonopori, lateral view. (24) Z. australis, (25) Z. whakarunga.