Timandra extremaria Walker, 1861

Cui, Le, Xue, Dayong & Jiang, Nan, 2019, A review of Timandra Duponchel, 1829 from China, with description of seven new species (Lepidoptera, Geometridae), ZooKeys 829, pp. 43-74 : 43

Timandra extremaria Walker, 1861 Figs 17, 35, 58, 73

Timandra extremaria Walker, 1861: 801. Holotype ♂, N China (NHM).

Timandra ? sordidaria Walker, 1863: 1615 (N China).

Calothysanis extremaria : Prout 1934: 57.

Calothysanis extremaria xenophyes Prout, 1935: 29, pl. 4, fig. c.

Diagnosis.

This species, T. robusta and T. stueningi differ from its congeners by the following characters: the frons is fully protruded; the postmedial lines of both two wings form black spots on the veins. In the male genitalia, the tip of the uncus is flat and the socii are absent. T. extremaria can be distinguished from T. robusta and T. stueningi by the following characters: the forewing is shorter and broader in T. stueningi than in T. extremaria and T. robusta ; the outer margin of the forewing is straighter in T. stueningi than in T. extremaria and T. robusta ; the colour of the frons is blackish-brown with reddish pigmentation in T. extremaria , but without reddish pigmentation in T. robusta . In the male genitalia, the uncus of T. robusta is shorter and stouter than that of T. extremaria and T. stueningi , the basal half in T. stueningi is narrower than in T. extremaria and T. robusta ; a pair of spurs are present on the inner side of the tegumen in T. robusta and T. stueningi , while they are absent in T. extremaria , but in T. stueningi , the spurs are longer than those in T. robusta ; a triangular process is present at the central part of the valvula in T. extremaria , but it is absent in T. robusta and T. stueningi ; the apex of the sacculus is more acute in T. extremaria and T. stueningi than in T. robusta ; the middle process on the ventral margin of the valvula is triangular in T. extremaria , but digitiform in T. robusta and T. stueningi ; the vesica is more strongly sclerotized in T. extremaria and T. stueningi than in T. robusta . In the female genitalia, the ductus bursae of T. extremaria is broader than that of T. stueningi .

Material examined.

CHINA: 1♂, holotype of T. extremaria , N. China, 54.8 (NHM). 1♂, holotype of T. sordidaria , N. China (NHM). Shaanxi (IZCAS): 1♀, Ningshan, Huoditang, 4.VIII.1979, coll. Han Yinheng; 1♂, Ningshan, Guanghujie conservation area 1189 m, 26-28.VII.2014, coll. Ban Xiaoshuang; 1♀, Ziyang, 21.VI.1976, coll. Ma Wenzhen. Gansu (IZCAS): 2♂, Wenxian, VI–IX.2002, coll. Wang Hongjian; 1♀, Wenxian, Fanba, 800 m, 26.VI.1998, coll. Zhang Xuezhong; 1♀, Wenxian, Bikou, 620 m, 15-16.VIII.2014, coll. Ban Xiaoshuang; 2♂, Wenxian, VI–IX.2002, coll. Wang Hongjian; 1♂, Bikou, Bifenggou, 720 m, 8-10.VIII.2016, coll. Cheng Rui and Jiang Shan. Shanghai (IZCAS): 8♂3♀, 15.VI.1930, 21.VI.1933, 5-23.VIII.1933, 7.VI.1934, 17, 19.V. 1935, coll. O. Piel and A. Savio. Anhui (IZCAS): 1♀, Sucheng, 9.VIII.1955. Zhejiang (IZCAS): 3♂, Lin’an, West Tianmu Shan, 400 m, 2003.VII.26-27, coll. Xue Dayong; 1♀, Hangzhou, 20.X.1980, coll. Zhang Bailin; 1♂, Tianmu Shan, Longyuan Shanzhuang, 10.V.1998, coll. Xia Weizheng; 10♂3♀, West Tianmu Shan, 30. VII– 1.VIII.1972, 20-24.VII.1973, 17.X.1980, coll. Zhang Bailin et al.; 4♂, Lin’an, West Tianmu Shan, 400 m, 26-27.VII.2003, coll. Xue Dayong; 1♀, Chekiang, Chusan (Zhoushan), 27.VII.1931, coll. O. Piel; 3♂, Tianmu Shan, 7-10.VII.2007, coll. You Ping (loaned from insect specimen room of Nankai University). Hubei (IZCAS): 4♂, Yunxi, Guanyinzhen, 289-305 m, 4-5.VIII.2014, coll. Liu Shuxian; 1♂1♀, Xingshan, Longmenhe, 730-1260 m, 22-23.VI.1993, coll. Huang Runzhi et al.; 1♂, Xingshan, Xiaohekou, 700 m, 11.V.1994, coll. Li Wenzhu. Hunan (IZCAS): 1♂, Heng Shan, 1980; 1♂1♀, Hengyang, Nanyue Linchang, 28.VI.1980, 3.X.1980, coll. Li Jutao et al.; 1♂, Nanyue, Shumuyuan, 12.VII.1980, coll. Li Jutao; 1♂1♀, Hengyang, Nantaisi, 24-25.VIII.1980, coll. Liu Yili et al.; 1♂, Zhangjiajie, 11.X.1988; 1♂, Guzhang, Gaowangjie, 850 m, 29.VII.1988, coll. Chen Yixin; 1♂2♀, Heng Shan, 21-29.VIII.1979, coll. Zhang Baolin; 1♀, Fenghuang Xiancheng, 362 m, 25.IX.2015, coll. Yao Jian; 1♀, Fenghuang, Nanhua Shan, 456 m, 26.IX.2015, coll. Zhao Kaidong; 1♀, Shimen, Huping Shan, Nanping, Maozhuhe, 320 m, 15-17.X.2014, coll. Yao Jian; 1♀, Shimen, Huping Shan, Daling, 444 m, 18-20.X.2014, coll. Yao Jian. Fujian (IZCAS): 1♂, Jianou, Dongfeng, 1.II.1980; 2♀, Wuyi Shan, 4-5.VII.1982, coll. Zhang Kechi et al. Taiwan (NHM): 1♂, Kanshirei, Formosa, 1000 ft. 2.VIII.1906, A.E. Wileman, Wileman Coll. B. M. 1929-261. 1♀, Kanshirei, Formosa, 1000 ft. 20.IV.1906, A.E. Wileman, Wileman Coll. B. M. 1929-261. Guangxi (IZCAS): 2♂, Ziyuan, 14.VII.1976, coll. Zhang Baolin; 1♂1♀, Longsheng, 13.VI.1980, coll. Song Shimei; 1♂, Napo, Defu, 1350 m, 19.VI.2000. Sichuan (IZCAS): 28♂15♀, Emei Shan, Qingiynge, 800-1000 m, 29. IV– 26.VII.1957, 17-22.IX.1957, coll. Zhu Fuxing et al.; 1♀, Emei Shan, Baoguosi, 550-750 m, 24.IV.1957, coll. Wang Zongyuan; 5♂1♀, Emei Shan, 580-1100 m, 20-21.VI.1955, 11.VI.1974, 19.VI.1979, 29.VIII.1980, coll. Li Jinhua et al.; 1♀, Lu Shan, 31.VII.1980, coll. Zhang Baolin; 1♂1♀, Huili, 1900 m, 10.X.1960, 31.VII.1974, coll. Meng Xuwu et al.; 2♂, Guanxian, Qingcheng Shan, 700-1600 m, 23.VI.1963, 4.VI.1979, coll. Zhang Xuezhong et al.; 2♂2♀, Xichang, 29-31.VII.1980, coll. Zhang Baolin. Guizhou (IZCAS): 1♂, Leishan, Leigong Shan, 1650 m, 2.VII.1988, coll. Yuan Dechang.

Distribution.

China (Shaanxi, Gansu, Shanghai, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou).