Euplectrus geometricida, Hansson & Schmidt, 2018

Hansson, Christer & Schmidt, Stefan, 2018, Revision of the European species of Euplectrus Westwood (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), with a key to European species of Euplectrini, Journal of Hymenoptera Research 67, pp. 1-35 : 6-10

Euplectrus geometricida sp. n.

Figures 15 , 17-19 , 52

Material.

Holotype female labeled "CZECH REPUBLIC: Mikulcice, 48,808N, 17,094E, 169m, 21-May-2013, M. Volf, Sample BC- ZSM-HYM-23872-E10, CO1-5p 652(0)bp BOLD: ACU3230", from Colotois pennaria on Carpinus betulus , in ZSM . Paratypes (133♀ 88♂): CZECH REPUBLIC (38♀ 54♂, in MZLU, NHM, ZSM) : 1♀ 2♂ with same label data as holotype; following from same locality as holotype but collected 22-May-2013 from Agriopis marginaria on C. betulus (1♀), 23-May-2013 from A. marginaria on C. betulus (2♀ 1♂), 27-May-2013 from Operophtera brumata on C. betulus (2♂), 29-May-2013 from Alsophila aescularia on C. betulus (2♀), 31-May-2013 from C. pennaria on C. betulus (1♂), A. aescularia on C. betulus (1♂), 01-June-2013 from A. aescularia on C. betulus (1♀); "CZECH REPUBLIC: obora Soutok, Lanzhot , 48,69N, 16,945E, 165m, 08-May-2014, P. Drozd ", from A. marginaria on C. betulus (13♀ 16♂), A. aurantiaria on C. betulus (7♀ 2♂), A. aurantiaria on Tilia cordata (1♀), Epirrita dilutata on C. betulus (3♀), Phigalia pilosaria on C. betulus (2♀ 2♂), unidentified Geometridae on C. betulus (2♀ 18♂); following from same locality as previous but collected 16-May-2013, from Agriopis sp. on C. betulus (1♂), 19-May-2013, from unidentified larva on C. betulus (2♂), O. brumata on C. betulus (2♂), 04-May-2014, from Phigalia pilosaria on Acer campestre (2♂), 05-May-2014, from A. marginaria on C. betulus (1♀), O. brumata on Quercus cerris (1♀ 2♂), 09-May-2014, from A. aurantiaria on T. cordata (1♀) . FINLAND (44♀ 7♂, in MZH, MZLU) : 1♀ "FINLAND, Ab: Lohjan kunta, 6693:334, 21.6.1991, M. Koponen leg." ; 1♀ "FENNIA: EH, Hämeenlinna, 1978, P. Somerma leg." ; 2♀ "SUOMI: EH, Janakkala , 6754:369, 19.8.1979, M. Koponen leg." ; 1♂ "SUOMI: EH, Janakkala , 6760:369, 24.8.1980, M. Koponen leg." ; 1♀ "SUOMI: EH, Lammi , 6773:394, 19.9.1982, M. Koponen leg." ; 1♀ "SUOMI: ES, Mikkelin mlk. 6830:501, 7.8.1989, M. Koponen leg." ; 3♀ "SUOMI: ES, Ristiina , 6830:502, 5.8.1978, M. Koponen leg." ; 1♂ "SUOMI: ES, Ristiina , 6826:502, 2.8.1981, M. Koponen leg." ; 1♀ "SUOMI: KP, Vimpeli , 7015:346, 18.8.1982, M. Koponen leg." ; 1♀ "SUOMI: PH, Rautalampi , 6961:484, 17.7.1983, M. Koponen leg." ; 1♀ "SUOMI: PP, Pello , 7248:372, 5.7.1982, M. Koponen leg." ; 1♀ "SUOMI: PP, Yli-Ii, 7248:444, 21.7.1980, M. Koponen leg." ; 1♀ "SUOMI: PP, Ii , 7249:424, 11.8.1982, M. Koponen leg." ; 1♀ "FINLAND, Sa, Ristiina , 6824:503, 10.7.1993, M. Koponen leg." ; 1♀ "SUOMI: U. Helsinki , 6682:383, 6.9.1980, M. Koponen leg." ; 1♀ "SUOMI: U. Hyvinkää, 6716.374, 2.6.1979, M. Koponen leg."; following from same locality as previous but collected 14.v.1983 (1♀), 19.vi.1983 (1♀), 31.vii.1984 (1♀) ; 1♀ "SUOMI: U. Nurmijärvi, 6718:381, 17.6.1979, M. Koponen leg." ; 1♀ "SUOMI: U. Nurmijärvi, 6712:370, 11.6.1989, M. Koponen leg." ; 1♀ "SUOMI: U. Nurmijärvi, 8713:386, 28.7.1989, M. Koponen leg." ; 1♂ "SUOMI: U. Nurmijärvi, 6710:381, 1.9.1993, M. Koponen leg." ; 1♂ "SUOMI: V, Vihti , 6717:366, 17.8.1975, M. Koponen leg." ; 1♀ " Nystad, Hellén” ”29.7.1923” ; 1♀ " Nystad, Hellén” ”26.8.1914” ; 1♀ " Nystad, Hellén” ”25.8.1923” ; 1♀ "FENNIA, Hammarland , 3.8.1953, W. Hellén” ; 1♀ " Sibbo, Norrkulla, 8-11.8.57, Hellén” ; 1♀ " Suomi V Turku , 10.10.1949, E.K. Lahtiperä leg." ; 1♀ " Kivinebb , K. Ehnberg " ; 1♀ " Fennia, Bobäck, Hellén” ; 1♀ " Fennia, Luumäki, Hellén” ; 1♀ " Fennia, Oa, Maxmo , 4-14.6.46, Hellén” ; 1♀ " Hauho, Hiiriniemi , 14.8.1935, Hellén” ; 1♀ " Hauho, 1935, Hellén” ; 1♀ " Keuru , 14.8.1928, Hellén” ; 2♀ " Terijoki , 25.8.1927, Hellén” ; 1♀ " Parikkala, Laurila , 15.7.1940, Hellén” ; 1♀ " Parikkala, Hellén” ; 1♀ " Vammeljoki , 4.8.1927, Hellén” ; 1♀ " Fennia, Taipalsaari, Hellén” ; 1♂ "P. Pirkkala, Grönblom, 11/7 1913 " ; 1♀ " Finland, AI, Lemland, Flaka , 1956, Vaselius " ; 1♂ " Fennia, Lemland , 5.8.53, W. Hellén” ; 1♂ " Fennia, Nurmes , 21.7.1939, A. Saarinen" ; 1♀ ”Tvärminne, Storå, Storkärret, medio 7.35, e.l. Agr. subr", from Agrotis segetum . FRANCE (20♀ 12♂, in NHM, leg. M.W.R. de V. Graham ) : 2♂ "FRANCE: Auvergne, nr. Les Essards (oakwood), 7.viii.1973 " ; 4♀ "FRANCE: Auvergne, S. bank of river Rhone, nr Essards , 7.viii.1973 " ; 1♀ "FRANCE: B. du Rhone, Fonscolombe (1), 24.vii.1984 "; following from same locality but collected 2.vii.1980 (1♂), 21.vi.1982 (1♂), 10.viii.1983 (1♂), 10.vii.1986 (2♀), 14.viii.1986 (1♂) ; 1♀ "FRANCE: B. du Rhone, Rognes , 13.vii.1978 " ; 1♀ "FRANCE: B. du Rhone, nr. Rognes , 24.vii.1974 " ; 3♀ 4♂ "FRANCE: Drôme, Le Poet-en-Percip (2), 21.viii.1990 " ; 1♀ "FRANCE: Drôme, Montagne de Bluye , 18.vii.1974 " ; 1♂ "FRANCE: Haute-Loire, nr. Lubilhac , 20.vii.1977 " ; 1♀ "FRANCE: Provence, Alpes de Haute , 2km N of Reillane, 21.vii.1978 " ; 1♀ "FRANCE: Provence, Alpes de Haute, nr. Reillane , 17.vii.1978 " ; 1 ♂ "FRANCE: Var: St. Tropez , 6.vi.1980, Bouček” ; 1♀ "FRANCE: Vaucluse, nr Bèdoin (2), 13.vii.1980 " , 1♀ from same locality but collected 19.vii.1983 ; 1♀ "FRANCE: Vaucluse, nr Col de Murs , 27.vii.1975 " ; 1♀ "FRANCE: Vaucluse, Mt. Ventoux, Massif des Cedres , 25.viii.1975 " ; 1♀ "FRANCE: Vaucluse, Sérignan, 29.6.1977 ". ITALY (1♂): " PIEMONTE, Castel , D.Bosca, 12.viii1954, A. Goidanich leg" (NHM) . THE NETHERLANDS (1♀): "NETHERLANDS, Gelderland, Ede, Edense Heide , 52.056N, 5.7E, 30m, 09-Aug-2005 ", from Anarta myrtilli (ZSM) . POLAND (3♂): "POLAND, Dybki , Mazovia, 52.7333N. 21.7166E, 108m, 19-May-2016, M. Shaw " (ZSM). ROMANIA (1♀): " Romania: Iaşi, Bârnova Forest, nr Slobozia , 47°00'41"N, 27°36'11"E, 290m, 4.vii.2011, J.S.Noyes " (NHM) . SWEDEN (20♀ 10♂) : 1♀ “Bohuslän, Ljung, Lyckorna , Bo Tjeder , 25/6 -46" (MZLU) ; 1♀ " Lycksele Lappmark, Vilan , 20.7.1981, K.-J. Hedqvist " (NHM); 2♀ "Lycksele Lappmark, Tärna, 3.8.1956, K.-J. Hedqvist " (NHM); 1♂ " Norrbotten, Haparanda, 23.7.66, A. Sundholm " (MZLU) ; 1♂ “Skåne, Åhus, 14.7.1957, leg. K.-J. Hedqvist " (NHM) ; 1♀ 5♂ (one male without head) on same pin ”Skåne, Vånga, utkl. 1/7 06" (MZLU) ; 1♀ "S: Småland, Växjö, Åryd, 3.VII.1989, leg. R. Danielsson (DAYS) " (MZLU); 1♀ “Södermanland, Röm., 1937, A.J." (MZLU); 1♀ "SWEDEN: Södermanland, Haninge kn, Tyresta , 59.107N, 18.138E, 18.vi.2004, SMTP" (SMTP); 1♀ "SWEDEN: Södermanland, Haninge kn, Tyresta , Urskogsslingan , 59.10N, 18.14E, 28.1- 28.iv.2004, SMTP" (SMTP) ; 1♀ ”Södermanland, Tungelsta , 13.6.1957, B. Hansson", from Angerona prunaria (NHM) ; 1♂ “Runmarö, Geometrid, 8.1916" “F.N.m” [= Frithiof Nordstroem ] (MZLU) ; 1♀ "SWEDEN: Uppland, Älvkarleby kn, Båtfors, 60°27'38.3"N, 17°19'4.1'E, 26.viii-9.ix.2003, SMTP" (SMTP) ; 1♀ " Uppland, Frösunda, 21.x.1977, leg. K.-J. Hedqvist " (NHM), following from same locality but collected 24.8.1973 (1♂), 29.7.1977 (1♂) (NHM) ; 1♀ 1♂ " Uppland, Älvkarleby, Komossen, Kl. 15.6.1981, Nils Ryrholm" "Ur larv av Cleora repandata", from Alcis repandata (NHM) ; 1♀ "SWEDEN: Värmland, Ransäter, Rudstorp , 59.46N, 13.28E, 7-15.vii.2005, SMTP" (SMTP); 1♀ "SWEDEN: Värmland, Munkfors kn, Ransäter, Ransberg herrgård, 59.47N, 13.25E, 12.ix.2005 - 19.ii.2006, SMTP" (SMTP); 1♀ "SWEDEN: Västerbotten, Vindelns kn, Svartbergets försökspark, 64.138N, 19.471E, 22.ix.2003, SMTP" (SMTP); 1♀ "SWEDEN: Västerbotten, Vindelns kn, Kulbäckslidens trail park, 64°09'16.2"N, 19°35'35.5"E, 1-22.ix.2003, SMTP" (SMTP); 1♀ ”Västerbotten., Hällnäs, 20.9.1956, K.-J. Hedqvist " (NHM); 1♀ ”Ångermanland, Mjällom, 28.7.1989, K.-J. Hedqvist " (NHM); 1♀ "Sweden: Öland, Jordtorpsåsen, Kvarnbackarna, 56°40'44.3"N, 13°34'51.0"E, 27.vii.2015, C. Hansson " (MZLU); 1♀ ”Östergötland, Ändebol, 1- 4.9.1955, K.-J. Hedqvist " (NHM) . SWITZERLAND (1♀): " Helvetia, umgb Aarau , 25.v.1926 " (NHM) . UNITED KINGDOM (9♀ 1♂, in NHM, leg. M.W.R. de V. Graham ) : 2♀ "ENGLAND: Berks., Wytham Wood (2), 1.ix.1959 ", following from same locality but collected 18.vii.1958 (2♀), 25.vii.1958 (3♀) ; 1♀ "ENGLAND: Bucks., Hell Coppice (5), nr Oakley , 24.vi.1958 " ; 1♂ "ENGLAND: Cambs., Peterborough, Castor Hanglands , NNR" ; 1♀ "ENGLAND: Oxon, Otmoor (3), 12.viii.1955 " .

Diagnosis.

Entire frons below level of toruli white to yellowish white, including part below eye (Figs 17 , 18 ), some specimens with a very narrow dark stripe close to eyes; male scape 2.0-2.3 × as long as wide; reticulation on median part of scutellum with elongate meshes (Fig. 52 ); with a groove between scutellum and dorsellum (Fig. 52 ).

Description

(holotype female). Length of body 2.4 mm, female paratypes 1.9-2.4 mm. Antenna with scape yellowish-white with apical ⅓ yellowish-brown, pedicel and flagellum yellowish-brown. Mandibles and palpi yellowish-white. Head black, lower face yellowish-white, reaching to eyes and also below eyes (Fig. 17 ). Frons smooth, medially with a reticulate band reaching from eye to eye; close to eyes with scattered setae in lower ½ (Fig. 17 ). Vertex smooth and shiny. Occipital margin with a carina behind ocellar triangle.

Mesosoma black and shiny; midlobe with raised and strong reticulation, meshes isodiametric, midline on midlobe of mesoscutum indicated by a carina (Fig. 52 ), carina sometimes replaced by a change in the reticulation in posterior ⅓. Scutellum 1.0 × as long as wide; with strong reticulation, meshes elongate (Fig. 52 ). Dorsellum with a deep groove along anterior margin (Fig. 52 ), groove medially 0.2 × as long as length of dorsellum. Propodeum smooth and shiny (Fig. 52 ); anteromedially with a semicircular cup that is strongly raised in posterior part; propodeal callus with 19 setae. Legs yellowish-white, except yellowish-brown hind coxa and hind femur. Forewing: costal cell with two rows of setae on ventral surface, and margin with six setae close to marginal vein; with 15 admarginal setae.

Gaster dark brown with an inverted T-shaped white area in anterior ½ (Fig. 19 ).

Ratios. HE/MS/WM = 1.8/1.0/1.1; POL/OOL/POO = 9.7/4.3/1.0; OOL/DO = 1.4; WE/WF/WH/HH = 1.0/2.1/3.9/2.8; WH/WT = 1.0; PM/ST = 1.8; TS1/TS2/LT/LT1/LT2/LT3/LT4 = 4.6/3.1/7.4/2.4/1.4/1.0/1.9; LP/WP = 0.9; MM/LG = 1.3.

Male. Length of body 1.7-2.4 mm. Scape white, 2.0-2.3 × as long as wide, widest medially, with sensory pores along entire ventral margin, sensory area white. Gaster with anterior ½ -⅔ white with narrow dark brown margins, posterior part dark brown. Otherwise similar to female.

Ratios. LC/WS = 2.0-2.3, LP/WP = 1.0.

Hosts.

Geometridae : Agriopis aurantiaria ( Hübner) on Carpinus betulus and Tilia cordata , Agriopis marginaria (Fabricius) on C. betulus , Alcis repandata (L.), Alsophila aescularia (Denis & Schiffermüller) on C. betulus , Angerona prunaria (L.), Colotois pennaria (L.) on C. betulus , Epirrita dilutata (Denis & Schiffermüller) on C. betulus , Macaria brunneata (Thunberg) on Vaccinium myrtillus , Operophtera brumata (L.) on C. betulus and Quercus cerris , Phigalia pilosaria (Denis & Schiffermüller) on Acer campestre and C. betulus . Noctuidae : Agrotis segetum (Denis & Schiffermüller), Anarta myrtilli (L.), Orthosia opima ( Hübner) on Vaccinium sp.

Distribution.

Czech Republic, Finland, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom.

Etymology.

Named after preferred target group, geometrid caterpillars. From the Latin suffix - cida, which means “killer”.

Genetic data.

The species exhibits high levels of intraspecific variation, with a maximum of 11.6%, but a clear separation from the next neighbour, with a distance of 10.8% to the next neighbour species, E. carinifer (Fig. 63 ). The populations of the species segregate into several subclusters, each with its own Barcode Index Number. Four of the six subclusters were recorded from one country (Czech Republic) whereas two were recorded in two or more countries (Suppl. material S1). The presence of several distinct subclusters within the species indicates the presence of more than one species, but morphological analysis did not reveal any reliable characters for separating the species.

Figures

Figure 63. Neighbour-joining tree of Euplectrus, with colours indicating different Barcode Index Numbers (BINs). For a fully resolved tree with additional terminal taxa information, including sequence length and country of origin, see Suppl. material S 2.

Figures 7 - 16. Euplectrus spp.: 7 - 12 E. bicolor (Swederus) 7 - 9 neotype, female 7 habitus lateral 8 habitus dorsal 9 head frontal 10 non-type female, head front-lateral 11 head frontal, male 12 head front-lateral, male 13 E. flavipes (Fonscolombe), gaster dorsal, male 14 - 15 head including scape lateral, male 14 E. maculiventris Westwood 15 E. geometricida sp. n. 16 E. carinifer sp. n., gaster dorsal, male.

Figures 17 - 26. Euplectrus spp.: 17 - 19 E. geometricida sp. n., paratypes 17 head frontal, female 18 head frontal, male 19 gaster dorsal, female 20 - 22 E. carinifer sp. n., paratypes 20 head frontal, female 21 head frontal, male 22 gaster dorsal, female 23 - 26 E. pallidigaster sp. n., paratypes 23 head frontal, female 24 head frontal, male 25 gaster dorsal, female 26 gaster dorsal, female.

Figures 52 - 56. Euplectrus spp. 52 - 54 mesosoma dorsal, female 52 E. geometricida sp. n. 53 E. carinifer sp. n. 54 E. pallidigaster sp. n. 55 - 56 mesoscutum, female, a = width of base of midlobe, b = width of base of sidelobe 55 E. bicolor (Swederus) 56 E. intactus (Walker).