Canarium subsidarium Daly, Raharim. & Federman, 2015

Daly, Douglas C., Raharimampionona, Jeannie & Federman, Sarah, 2015, A revision of Canarium L. (Burseraceae) in Madagascar, Adansonia 37 (2), pp. 277-345 : 340

Canarium subsidarium Daly, Raharim. & Federman , sp. nov.

( Figs 4 ; 29 )

Small trees, leaves 3-4(5)-jugate, stipular scars 2-3 mm long, fruits ovoid, green, glabrous, becoming finely lenticellate; distinguished from C. betamponae Daly, Raharim. & Federman , sp. nov., C. galokense Daly, Raharim. & Federman , sp. nov., C. globosum Daly, Raharim. & Federman , sp.nov., and C. manongarivum Daly, Raharim.& Federman , sp. nov. by the petiole and rachis with dense to scattered hairs to 0.5 mm long (vs scattered to sparse hairs to 0.25 mm long in the others) and occurrence in montane forests 1000-1600 m elevation (vs maximum recorded 875 m), further distinguished from C. galokense , sp. nov. by the fruit ovoid (vs broadly oblong or broadly ovoid) with the surface coarsely (vs finely) lenticellate.

TYPUS. — Madagascar. Antsiranana, Réserve Spéciale de Manongarivo, E d’Ankaramibe; Bekolosy , 850 m elev., 14°03’05”S, 48°17’07”E, 10.I.1994, L. Rakotomalala & Narison 106 (holo-, MO!; iso-, TAN) .

PARATYPI. — Madagascar. Antsiranana, Diana, Massif de l’Antsatrotro (Manongarivo), c. 1100 m, XI.1954, Capuron (Service Forestier) 11513 ( NY) ; Réserve Spéciale Manongarivo , SE of Beraty, 1350- 1600 m, 14°06’S, 48°21’E, 29.IX.1991, S. Malcomber & S. Razafimandimbison 920 ( MO, NY) ; E of Ankaramibe , 1000-1200 m, 14°02’S, 48°18’E, 04.XII.1993, S. Malcomber & L. Rakotomalala 2596 ( MO, NY, P, TAN) .

DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — Canarium subsidarium , sp. nov. appears to be restricted to Manongarivo in N Madagascar. It is usually found in montane moss forest on ridgetops, between 1100-1600 m (collected once at c. 850 m). Flowering Nov.-Dec., fruiting Jan.-Sep. ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet, meaning “in reserve,” derives from the fact that the species is known only from the area of the Réserve Spéciale Manongarivo.

DESCRIPTION

Trees, reproductive height 5-12 m, to 40 cm diam. Leaves 15-25 cm long, 3-4(5)-jugate; petiole 2.5-4.5 cm long, petiole and rachis with dense to sparse capitate glands and bristles (fine erect hairs to 0.05 mm), also with dense to scattered fine erect hairs to 0.5 mm; stipules 4-9 mm from petiole insertion, caducous, the scar c. 2-3 mm long, raised; basal petiolules 3-6 mm long, other laterals 6-11 mm long, terminal one 10-25 mm long, pulvinuli distal and moder- ately conspicuous; basal leaflets 3-6.5 × 1.5-2.5 cm, ovate to elliptic, other laterals 4.4-9.8 × 2.4-3.2 cm, oblong(- lanceolate) to elliptic, terminal one 5-8.7 × 3-4.3 cm, elliptic to oblanceolate; leaflet apex gradually and broadly short-acuminate, the acumen 2-6 mm, apex tip glandular; base truncate to rounded or obtuse, basally symmetrical or less often slightly oblique; margin flat; leaflets somewhat coriaceous, drying dark grayish-brown; secondary vein framework brochidodromous but looping near margin, secondaries 7-11 per side, spreading, discolorous, spacing usually decreasing toward apex and base, angle acute and increasing toward base; tertiary venation random-reticulate to alternate-percurrent; on abaxial side the midvein acutely prominent, secondary veins broadly prominulous, remainder narrowly prominent to prominulous, midvein with scattered ascending hairs to 0.15 mm and rest of surface with a few capitate glands and scattered thick appressed hairs to 0.05 mm long (sparse near base), the surface also appearing papillate; on adaxial side the midvein narrowly prominulous and sunk in a groove, rest of veins narrowly prominulous, surface glabrous. Inflorescences 8.5-25 cm long, axes with sparse to dense bristles and capitate glands and with dense to sparse flexuous hairs to 0.3 mm; staminate inflorescences with secondary axes to 9.5 cm long; bracts on secondary axes 2.8-3 mm long, ovate and acuminate with constricted base, longer than subtended buds, bracteoles 1.7-2.2 mm, subulate, shorter than buds, bracts and bracteoles usually semi-clasping; pedicel 1.2-3.0 × 0.5-0.8 mm. Staminate buds (flowers unknown) 5-5.2 mm long; calyx 3-4.5 × 2.2-2.9 mm overall, much taller than the ovariodisk, lobes 0.6-1.6 mm long, deltate, abaxial surface with dense capitate glands and dense to sparse flexuous ascending to appressed golden hairs to 0.2 mm long, adaxial surface with dense retrorse-appressed pale golden hairs to 0.2 mm long; petals cream, with flexuous ascending to appressed golden hairs to 0.3 mm; stamens inserted at two different levels toward base of ovariodisk, the antesepalous stamens 3.1-3.3 mm long, the antepetalous stamens 2.9-3.1 mm long, anthers c. 1.4-1.6 mm long, oblong to ovate in dorsiventral view, oblong-lanceolate in lateral view; ovariodisk 1.3-1.6 × 0.6- 1.5 mm, essentially obovoid to columnar, apex truncate and craggy to bluntly and abruptly short-attenuate. Fruiting pedicel 3-5(6.5) × 3.4-3.5 mm; fruiting calyx patent, the lobes 2-3 mm long. Fruits 3.6-3.8 × 2.3-2.8 cm, ovoid, green, glabrous, densely micro-pustulate and becoming finely lenticellate.

NOTES

Canarium subsidarium , sp. nov. is part of a complex of species including C. betamponae , sp. nov., C. galokense , sp. nov., C, globosum , sp. nov., and C. manongarivum , sp. nov. that all have 3-5-jugate leaves with short stipular scars (except C. manongarivum , sp. nov.), small and often oblong leaflets, and relatively small fruits. They are compared in Table 1 un- der C. betamponae , sp. nov. Canarium subsidarium , sp. nov. is also contrasted with C. moramangae , sp. nov. in the discussion under the latter species.

Figures

FIG. 4. — Distributions of Canarium angulatum Daly, Raharim. & Federman, sp. nov., C. ferrugineum Daly, Raharim. & Federman, sp. nov., C. globosum Daly,Raharim.& Federman,sp.nov., C. nitidifolium Daly,Raharim.& Federman, sp. nov., and C. subsidarium Daly, Raharim. & Federman, sp. nov.

FIG. 29. — Canarium subsidarium Daly, Raharim. & Federman, sp. nov.: A, flowering branchlet with detail of leaflet margin (A’) and petiole base with stipular scar (A’’); B, detail of leaf rachis, petiolule and leaflet base; C, staminate inflorescence and apical view of stipular scars (C’); D, portion of immature inflorescence; E, staminate bud; F, longisection of staminate flower; G, stamens and ovariodisk; H, abaxial, adaxial and lateral views of stamen; I, leaf minus base of petiole; J, portion of infructescence; K, pyrene; A, B, Malcomber 2596 (NY); C-H, Capuron (SF) 11513 (NY); I, J, Rakotomalala & Narison 106 (MO); K, from Malcomber et al. 920 (NY). Scale bars: A, C, I, J, K, 2 cm; B, D, 5 mm; E, F, G, 2 mm; H, 1 mm; A’, A’’, C’, not to scale.