Citrogramma henryi, GHORPADE, 1994

Mengual, Ximo, 2012, The flower fly genus Citrogramma Vockeroth (Diptera: Syrphidae): illustrated revision with descriptions of new species, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 164 (1), pp. 99-172 : 145-146

CITROGRAMMA HENRYI GHORPADÉ, 1994

Citrogramma henryi Ghorpadé, 1994: 9 . Holotype: ♂, USNM, by original designation. Type locality: India: Kande-ela. Ghorpadé, 1994: 9.

Xanthogramma citrinum of Keiser, 1958: 193.

Citrogramma citrinum of Vockeroth, 1969: 95, fig. 57; Knutson et al., 1975 (in part).

Citrogramma sp. C of Wyatt, 1991: 158, 167.

Description

Male: Head: Face with facial tubercle, gradually sloping dorsally, more abrupt ventrally, entirely yellow, black pilose dorsally and medially, yellow pilose on ventral section, white pollinose laterally; gena yellow with black macula on genal groove, dark and yellow pilose, white pollinose posteriorly ( Fig. 98 ); lunule orangish with a dark line delimiting it; holoptic; frontal triangle yellow, black pilose; vertical triangle black, shorter than eye contiguity, black pilose, golden pollinose; ocelli reddish; antenna dark, scape brownish, pedicel black, scape and pedicel black pilose; basoflagellomere orangish, dark dorsally; arista black; occiput black, silver pollinose, pale pilose on ventral half, black pilose on dorsal half and yellow pilose medially.

Thorax: Scutum black with dorsomedial area almost uniformly grey pollinose with metallic iridescence, entirely black pilose dorsally, with lateral yellow vitta; postpronotum yellow; notopleuron yellow, mainly black pilose, yellow pilose anteriorly; yellow vitta continuing until scutellum, supra-alar area orangish yellow and black pilose; postalar callus entirely yellow, mainly black pilose; scutellum yellow with a dorsomedial broad defined brown macula, black pilose, with a complete (small bare area in middle) subscutellar fringe with black hairs. Pleuron entirely yellow pilose, mostly black except: anterior anepisternum yellow, black on posterodorsal part; dorsomedial anepimeron yellow; posterior anepisternum black with yellow macula on posterior half to two thirds; katepisternum black with dorsal yellow macula; katepimeron yellow; katatergum mostly yellow, black on posterior margin. Metasternum pilose; calypter yellow with yellow and black hairs on margin; plumula yellow; halter yellow; spiracular fringes yellow.

Wing: Wing membrane light brown, entirely microtrichose. Alula microtrichose, broad, broader than cell BM.

Legs: Coxa and trochanter dark, brownish, coxa yellow pilose, metacoxa with four to six long black hairs anterolaterally, trochanter black pilose; pro- and mesofemur black on basal third, yellow distally with brownish areas, black pilose; pro- and mesotibiae yellow, black pilose with some yellow hairs; metaleg entirely black, black pilose; tarsi black, black pilose dorsolaterally and golden pilose ventrolaterally.

Abdomen: Figure 91 . Parallel-sided, abdominal terga 3, 4, and 5 margined. Dorsum mainly black, black pilose dorsally and laterally except tergum 1 yellow pilose laterally and tergum 2 yellow pilose laterally on anterobasal one quarter to one third and on dorsal yellow maculae; tergum 1 black; tergum 2 black with two mesolateral broad yellow maculae narrowed laterally and extending forward to anterolateral tergal margin, yellow lateral margin on anterior third; tergum 3 with broad sinuate yellow fascia markedly emarginate posteriorly and narrowed to lateral margins, with broad black fascia on anterior margin; terga 4 and 5 black with similar fascia as the one on tergum 3 but narrower and posterior emargination less marked; lateral margins of terga 3, 4, and 5 partially yellow, about a third; sterna yellow, yellow pilose on sterna 1 and 2, black pilose on the rest; genital segments yellowish; male genitalia as in Figures 128–130 .

Female: Similar to male except for normal sexual dimorphism and as follows: face yellow, usually with brown area on facial tubercle; lunule dark; frons yellow with anteromedial triangular black or dark area extending posteromedially reaching ocellar triangle, lateral yellow areas not converging posteriorly; dorsal occiput and ocellar triangle golden pollinose; scutum with the dorsomedial grey pollinose area broader, with the lateral black area between lateral yellow vitta and dorsomedial grey pollinose area very narrow or difficult to distinguish; pro- and mesofemur yellow, black on basal quarter; abdomen more oval,

tergum 2 with maculae narrower, terga 3, 4, and 5 with yellow fascia narrower, sinuate but less emarginate ( Fig. 92 ).

Variation: Some female specimens have a few black hairs on posterior margin of anepisternum. The medial brown facial macula or vitta varies in size amongst studied specimens, but some females have an entirely yellow face.

After reviewing most of the type material, the three paratype males look like immature adults and present anepimeron completely yellow with white pollinosity, and pro- and mesofemur yellow, brownish at extreme base. The same occurs in females, with some immature specimens being very pale (anepimeron yellow and pro- and mesofemur yellow) and some specimens have metafemur basally yellow. Most of the paler specimens, but not all, are from the typelocality ( Sri Lanka: Nuwara Eliya). Owing to these pale individuals, there is a small note in key couplet 31 above to explain this variability.

Length (N = 5): Body, 10.0–11.5 (10.5) mm; wing, 8.8– 10.0 (9.4) mm.

Geographical distribution: Sri Lanka.

Etymology: This species honours G. M. Henry, an orthopterist and ornithologist, formally an Assistant in Systematic Entomology at the Colombo Museum in Sri Lanka (then Ceylon).

Differential diagnosis: Endemic species to the island of Sri Lanka, and the single species found on the island so far. This species is characterized by face entirely yellow with a black macula on genal groove, scutellum yellow with a brownish macula, metafemur black and pro- and mesofemur dark basally. Species very similar to C. flavigenum , which has gena entirely yellow ( Fig. 4 ), scutellar brown macula smaller and less evident, and facial tubercle slightly brown. Another diagnostic character is the lateral pilosity of the scutum: C. henryi has notopleuron and supra-alar area black pilose and C. flavigenum has notopleuron and supra-alar area yellow pilose, with a few black hairs on the posteroventral section of notopleuron.

Remarks: Citrogramma citrinum was cited from Sri Lanka by Vockeroth (1969) and Knutson et al. (1975). These citations are in all probability C. henryi , the only known species from that island.

Amongst the material in BMNH, there are three specimens with an identification label ‘ Xantho : yerburyi Brun. Det. Brnn. 1921 –22’, and two of them have in addition ‘ Type ♂ ’ and ‘ Type ♀ ’ labels for a male and a female, respectively. It seems that Brunetti had selected these specimens for his new species dedicated to its first collector, Yerbury, but he never got to publish the name Xanthogramma yerburyi . All of these three specimens correspond to C. henryi . In the collection in BMNH, there is also a female labelled ‘Nuwava Eliya, 9.v.1891, Lt.Col. Yerbury 1892–192’ with a glued head of another Syrphidae genus. The head does not correspond to the body, but the body is a female of C. henryi .

Holotype male deposited in the National Museum of Natural History (Washington D.C., USA) and labelled: ‘ SRI LANKA:N.E. Dist./Kande-ela/ 2 June 1975 /S.L. Wood & J.L. Pretty’ ‘Collected in/malaise/ trap’ ‘ HOLOTYPE / Citrogramma / henryi /K.D. Ghorpade 19 83 ’ [red, handwritten except fourth line].

Type locality: Sri Lanka: Central Province, District Nuwara Eliya, Kande Ela , 6°56′N, 80°46′E .

Material examined: Type material. Holotype, as above. Paratypes. SRI LANKA: N.E. Dist. , Nuwara Eliya, Galway Nat. Res., 1790–1990 m, 22–23.x.1977 ‘K. V . Krombein, T . Wijesinhe, M. Jayaweera, P.A. Panawatta’ [2♂ 3♀, USNM];..., 6200 ft, 10.vi.1978, Malaise trap ‘K. V . Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T . Wijesinhe, V . Kulasekare, L. Jayawickrema’ [2♀, USNM]; N.E. Dist. , Nuwara Eliya , 27–29.v.1975 ‘ D.H. Messersmith, G.L. Williams, P.B. Karunaratne’ [1♀, USNM]; N.E. Dist., Horton Plains, 23.iv.1980 ‘W.N. Mathis, T . Wijesinhe, L. Jayawickrema’ [1♀, USNM]; N.E. Dist., Hakgala Sanctuary , 6300–6500 ft, 9–10.vi.1978 ‘K. V . Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T . Wijesinhe, L. Jayawickrema’ [1♀, USNM]; N.E. Dist., Kande-ela , 2.vi.1975, S.L. Wood & J.L. Petty ‘collected in Malaise trap’ [5♀, USNM]; N.E. Dist., Kande-ela Reservoir , 5.6 mi SW Nuwara Eliya, 6200 ft, 10–21.ii.1970, Davis & Rowe [3♀, USNM]; Bad. Dist., Kande-ela Reservoir, 6200 ft, 1–5.x.1970, O.S. Flint Jr. [21♀, USNM]; N.E. Dist., Hakgala Natural Reserve, 6–7.ii.1979 ‘K. V . Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T . Wijesinhe, S. Siriwardane, T . Gunawardane’ [2♀, USNM]; N.E. Dist. , Mt Pidurutalagala, 1 mi. N Nuwara Eliya, 6500–7500 ft, 14.ii.1970, Davis & Rowe [1♂, USNM]; N.E. Dist., Mt Pidurutalagala, 6500–7500 ft, 8.x.1976 ‘G.F. Hevel, R . F. Dietz IV, S. Karunaratne, D.W. Balasooriya’ [1♂, USNM]; Ken. Dist. , Rangala, 2.iv.1971, P. & P. Spangler [1♀, USNM]; Pidrutalagala, 20–2460 m, 19.ix.1953, F. Keiser [1♂, CNC]; C.P., ‘Strasby Estate’ Upcot, 4500 ft, 24.vii.1966, P.B. Karunaratne [3♀, CNC]; Emelina, 25–29.xii.1918, R . Senior-White ‘B.M. 1924–100’ [1♀, BMNH];.... 12–13.i.1919,... [1♀, BMNH];..., 5–8.vi.1913,... ‘on bean’[1♀, BMNH]; Ohiya , iv.1929 ‘ Colombo Museum’ [2♂ 1♀, CNMS] .

Nontype material. SRI LANKA: N.E. Dist., Hakgala Natural Reserve , 1650–1800 m, 23–25.ii.1977 ‘K. V . Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, P. Fernando , D.W. Balasooriya’ [1♀, USNM]; Maskeliya, in bedroom, 20.i.1919, R . Senior White, ‘B.M. 1924–100’ [1♀, BMNH]; Namunukuli , ii.1910 [1♀, BMNH]; Emelina. 5–8.vi.1913, R . Senior–White ‘on beans’ ‘B.M. 1924– 100’ [1♀, BMNH]; Nuwara Eliya, 12.vii.1892, Lt. Col. Yerbury 1892–192 ‘ Xantho : yerburyi Brun. Type ♂. Det. Brnn. 1921–22’ [1♂, BMNH];..., 18.v.1891, Lt. Col. Yerbury 1892–192 ‘ Xantho : yerburyi Brun. ♀ Det. Brnn. 1921–22’ [1♀, BMNH];..., 11.vii.1892, Lt. Col. Yerbury 1892–192 ‘ Xantho : yerburyi Brun. Type ♀. Det. Brnn. 1921–22’ [1♀, BMNH];..., 9.v.1891, Lt. Col. Yerbury 1892–192 [1♀, BMNH]; Pidurutalagala For., Nuwara Eliya, 27.ii.1974, A.E. Stubbs & P.J. Chandler ‘ BMNH 1974–624 ’ [1♀, BMNH] .

Figures

Figures 88–99. 88–89, Citrogramma citrinum: 88, lateral view of male head and pleuron; 89, dorsal view of female abdomen. 90, Citrogramma citrinoides, dorsal view of male abdomen. 91–92, Citrogramma henryi: 91, dorsal view of male abdomen; 92, dorsal view of female abdomen. 93, Citrogramma variscutatum, dorsal view of male abdomen. 94, C. citrinoides, frontal view of male head. 95, Citrogramma currani, dorsal view of male head. 96, C. variscutatum, lateral view of male head. 97, C. currani, anterodorsal view of female head. 98, C. henryi, lateral view of male head. 99, C. currani, lateral view of female head.

Figures 122–130. 122–123, Citrogramma frederici: 122, frontal view of female head; 123, dorsal view of female abdomen. 124–126, Citrogramma notiale species group: 124, lateral view of puparium; 125, dorsal view of puparium; 126, posterior view of posterior breathing tube and spiracular openings (detail). 127, Citrogramma citrinum, left lateral view of male genitalia. 128–129, Citrogramma henryi: 128, left lateral view of male genitalia; 129, tergum 9 and surstyli, dorsal view. 130, C. henryi (from Vockeroth, 1969 as C. citrinum): a, left lateral view; b, superior lobe, lateral, outline only; c, sternum 9, superior lobes and aedeagal base, ventral view.

Figures 3–14. 3, Citrogramma amarilla, frontal view of female head. 4, Citrogramma flavigenum, frontal view of male head. 5–7, Citrogramma bicornutum: 5, frontal view of male head; 6, dorsal view of male head; 7, anterodorsal view of female head. 8–10, Citrogramma pennardsi: 8, dorsal view of male abdomen; 9, dorsal view of male head; 10, ventral view of male genitalia (detail). 11–14, Citrogramma sedlacekorum: 11, dorsal view of female abdomen; 12, dorsal view of male head; 13, dorsal view of female head; 14, dorsal view of male abdomen.