Culex (Phalangomyia) apicinus Philippi, 1865

González, Christian R., Reyes-Valenzuela, Carolina, Rossi, Gustavo C. & Laurito, Magdalena, 2023, Revalidation of Phalangomyia Dyar & Knab as a subgenus of Culex L. (Diptera: Culicidae) based on morphological and molecular evidence, Zootaxa 5256 (6), pp. 544-564 : 552

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5256.6.2
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4437508F-8C7B-4609-BEB4-AC6433E45DB5
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762540
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87FE-FFB9-6078-11C3-B6B353E0FAC6
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Culex (Phalangomyia) apicinus Philippi, 1865
status

Treatment

Culex (Phalangomyia) apicinus Philippi, 1865 View in CoL View at ENA

( Figs 1–3 View FIGURE 1 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 )

Culex apicinus Philippi, 1865: 596 View in CoL (A). Type locality: Santiago, Chile (NE). Refs: Dyar 1928: 360 (M*, F, L*, as Culex (Phalangomyia View in CoL )); Edwards 1932: 206 (as Culex (Culex View in CoL )); Lane 1953: 341 (M*, F, L*); Forattini 1965: 143 (M*, F); Bram 1967: 26 (M*, F, L; syn.); Belkin, 1968 (type info.).

Phalangomyia debilis Dyar & Knab, 1914: 58 View in CoL (M*, F). Type locality: Matucana, (Lima), Peru (USNM). Refs: Dyar 1926: 42 (as Culex (Phalangomyia View in CoL )); Dyar 1928: 359 (M*, F, L*); Edwards 1930: 107, 1932: 206 (syn. with Cx. apicinus Philippi View in CoL , as Culex (Culex View in CoL )).

Culex escomeli Brèthes, 1920: 41 View in CoL (M*, F). Type locality: Arequipa, Peru (NE). Refs: Dyar 1926: 42 (as Culex (Phalangomyia View in CoL )); Dyar 1928: 359 (M*, F, L*); Edwards 1930: 107, 1932: 206 (syn. with Cx. apicinus Philippi View in CoL , as Culex (Culex View in CoL )).

Culex (Phalangomyia) alticola Martini, 1931: 216 View in CoL (A). Type locality: Serrata, 2,300 m, Bolivia (NHM). Refs: Lane 1953: 341 (M*, F, L; syn. with Cx. apicinus Philippi View in CoL ); Stone 1957: 340 (M*); Belkin 1968: 12 (tax.); Bram 1967: 24, 27 (syn.).

Diagnosis. Diagnostic morphological characteristics of Cx. apicinus , contrasted with other species of the subgenus Culex , are as follows ( Table 2 View TABLE 2 ). Adult: Flagellomere 1 of antenna with scales on median border ( Fig. 1A View FIGURE 1 ). Proboscis longer than forefemur. Maxillary palpus of female dark brown, with white-scales ( Fig. 1A, B View FIGURE 1 ). Scutum with 2 narrow denuded stripes between acrostichal and dorsocentral setae; acrostichal, dorsocentral, and supra-alar setae dark brown ( Fig. 1C View FIGURE 1 ). Wing with white scale-spot near middle of veins M 2 and M 3 ( Fig. 1D View FIGURE 1 ). Forefemur (2.23–3.01 mm) longer than foretarsomere 1 (1.00– 1.84 mm). Foretarsomere 1 as long as sum of length of foretarsomeres 2–5. Terga II‒VII dark brown-scaled with a complete basal band of pale scales ( Fig. 1E View FIGURE 1 ). Female genitalia: Upper vaginal lip and sclerite strongly sclerotized, cerci longer than postgenital lobe. Male genitalia: Tergum VIII deeply emarginate. Gonocoxite with 8–20 strong apicolateral setae ( Fig. 2A View FIGURE 2 ). Subapical lobe with 2 setae: A large leaflet with serration on distal margin and ending in a long filament (seta h), and the other tubular, ending in 2 open arms (seta g) ( Fig. 2B View FIGURE 2 ). Median lobe partially divided: Larger proximal part bearing 9–28 strong rod-like setae and 2–3 normal setae and the small distal part bearing a strong apically hooked seta, a longer stout seta with a bent fimbriate apex and a shorter stout seta with tip bifurcate ( Fig. 2C View FIGURE 2 ). Gonostylus with a spiny apical crest ( Fig. 2A View FIGURE 2 ), with 5–8 subapical setae ( Fig. 2D View FIGURE 2 ). Dorsal arm of phallosome short ( Fig. 2E View FIGURE 2 ). Paraproct with a small basolateral arm ( Fig. 2E View FIGURE 2 ), with 7–20 cercal setae not visible in Fig. 2E View FIGURE 2 ), IXth tergal lobe with 2–13 setae in 1 or 2 rows. Pupa: Trumpet conical ( Fig. 3A View FIGURE 3 ) opening wide, large and oval. At least alveolus of seta 13-III–VI present and paddle with minute spicules on the surface ( Fig. 3B View FIGURE 3 ). Larva (fourth instar): Head, segment X and siphon heavily tanned ( Fig. 3C View FIGURE 3 ). Siphon unique ( Fig. 3C View FIGURE 3 ), as follows: siphon index 2.50–3.33 (mean 2.94), pecten on basal 0.60, with 5–11 spines, seta 1-S usually in 5 pairs, 1a, 1b-S inserted between pecten spines, 1e/f-S out of line.

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Peru.

Kingdom	Animalia
Phylum	Arthropoda
Class	Insecta
Order	Diptera
Family	Culicidae
Genus	Culex