Glenognatha hirsutissima ( Berland, 1935 )

Jimmy Cabra-García & Antonio D. Brescovit, 2016, Revision and phylogenetic analysis of the orb-weaving spider genus Glenognatha Simon, 1887 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae), Zootaxa 4069 (1), pp. 1-183 : 105-109

Glenognatha hirsutissima ( Berland, 1935)

( Figs. 85–88 , 136 )

Hivaoa hirsutissima Berland, 1935: 52 , fig. 20–23 (female holotype from Teavaituhai, Uapou , Marquesas Islands, 30.xi.1931, deposited in Bernice Bishop Museum, Honolulu, lost).

Glenognatha hirsutissima: Levi 1980: 64 ; Cabra-García et al. 2014: 1029, figs. 1L, 3A, 6B, 8C, 9I –J; World Spider Catalog 2015.

Diagnosis. Males and females of G. hirsutissima can be easily distinguished from all other Glenognatha species by the presence of a strong macrosetae on the anterior surface fo the chelicerae ( Figs. 85D, H ).

Description. Male (Marquesas Islands, Nuku Hiva, USNM) (Note: the male is described here for the first time). Habitus as in Figures 85 A –D . Carapace yellow-brownish, with two dusky lateral bands. Sternum light yellow, darker on edges. Abdomen oval, dorsally with irregular pattern of longitudinal dusky bands that extend to the lateral surface. Thin transvers bands on the posterior region. Silver guanine spots scattered in the dorsal and lateral surfaces. Venter greyish with scattered silver guanine spots. Legs light yellow. Total length 2.45. Cephalothorax 1.17 long, 0.87 wide, 0.75 high. Abdomen 1.37 long, 0.87 wide, 0.85 high. Sternum 0.62 long, 0.57 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.07. ALE 0.05. PME 0.09. PLE 0.05. AME-AME 0.09, AME-ALE 0.09, PME-PME 0.11, PME-PLE 0.11, ALE-PLE 0.01. Clypeus height 3.21. Chelicerae with a strong macrosetae (Figs. 86 A, C). Three promarginal and three retromarginal teeth (Figs. 86 A –C). Leg measurements: I: femur 1.50, patella 0.37, tibia 1.50, metatarsus 1.45, tarsus 0.37, total 5.20; II: 1.42, 0.35, 1.50, 0.92, 0.30, 4.50; III: 1.02, 0.32, 0.80, 0.72, 0.25, 3.12; IV: 1.37, 0.27, 1.17, 1.22, 0.30, 4.35. Femur III with a ventral row of strong macrosetae. Metatarsi I–IV with two trichobothria. DTS 0.20. DTE 0.45. Palp as in Figures 87E–H . Embolus and conductor slender ( Figs. 87 A, E–H ).

F IGURE 86 . Glenognatha hirsutissima from Marquesas Islands ( USNM) . A – C, male left chelicerae. A, anterior (arrow, macrosetae). B, posterior. C, mesal. D–F, female left chelicerae. D, anterior (arrow, macrosetae socket). E, posterior. F, mesal. Scale bars, 100 µm. Prt: promarginal tooth. Ret: retromarginal tooth.

Female. Described by Berland (1935). Additional data.

Marquesas Islands, Nuku Hiva (USNM). Habitus and general coloration as in male ( Figs. 85E–H ). Venter of abdomen with thin transverse dusky band originating from the tracheal spiracle towards the anterior region. Light patch anterior to the gonopore. Total length 2.87. Cephalothorax 1.20 long, 1.05 wide, 0.75 high. Abdomen 1.75 long, 1.45 wide, 1.50 high. Sternum 0.65 long 0.62 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.08. ALE 0.05. PME 0.09. PLE 0.06. AME-AME 0.06, AME-ALE 0.1, PME-PME 0.11, PME-PLE 0.11, ALE-PLE 0.01. Clypeus height 3.12. Chelicerae with a strong macrosetae (Fig. 86D) Three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth. (Figs. 86D–F). Leg measurements: I: femur 1.47, patella 0.45, tibia 1.50, metatarsus 1.17, tarsus 0.27, total 4.87; II: 1.42, 0.45, 1.42, 1.10, 0.25, 4.65; III: 1.00, 0.25, 0.77, 0.82, 0.22, 3.07; IV: 1.47, 0.30, 1.20, 1.30, 0.27, 4.55. Femur I, II and III with a ventral row of strong macrosetae. Metatarsi I–IV with two trichobothria. DTS 0.25. DTE 0.35. Spermathecae with a basal constriction ( Figs. 88 A –C ). UE entire ( Figs. 88 A –C ).

Distribution. Known only from Marquesas Islands ( Fig. 136 ).

Remarks. Although the female holotype of G. hirsutissima was not examined, a vial from USNM (2♂ 1♀ 2 immature) collected near the type locality (30 km N) was available for study. After comparison with the original description ( Berland 1935), the female specimen was identified as G. hirsutissima based on the presence of conspicuous macrosetae on legs, palp and chelicerae as depicted by Berland (1935, figs. 21–23). Males examined also have such macrosetae. According with the original descriptions of the remaining Polynesian Glenognatha ( Berland 1933, 1935, 1942) and all the material examined in this work, the presence of these spines is autapomorphic for G. hirsutissima . Since the identity of the species is not in doubt the designation of a neotype is not necessary (ICZN, Art. 75).

Additional material examined (N = 5). FRENCH POLYNESIA: Marquesas Islands: Nuku Hiva, Tekao Ridge , 8º51´39´´S, 140º10´24´´W, elev. 400m, 21.x.1999, D. A. & J. T. Polhemus leg., 2♂ 1♀ 2 immature ( USNM).

Figures

FIGURE 85. Glenognatha hirsutissima from Marquesas Islands (USNM). A – D, male habitus. A, dorsal. B, lateral. C, ventral. D, frontal. E – H, female habitus. E, dorsal. F, lateral. G, ventral. H, frontal. Scale bars, 200 µm. TS: posterior tracheal spiracle.

FIGURE 87. Glenognatha hirsutissima from Marquesas Islands (USNM). A – D, male left palp, schematic. A, ventral. B, conductor, ventral. C, conductor, dorsal. D, embolus, ventral. E – H, male left palp. E, ventral. F, dorsal. G, prolateral. H, retrolateral. Scale bars, 100 µm. C: conductor. CB: cymbium. CRa: conductor retrolateral apophysis. E: embolus. EMg: embolic medial groove. P: paracymbium. T: tegulum. TO: tarsal organ.

FIGURE 88. Glenognatha hirsutissima from Marquesas Islands (USNM). A – C, female genitalia. A, dorsal. B, ventral. C, lateral. Scale bars, 200 µm. CD: copulatory duct. MC: membranous chamber. UE: uterus externus. S: spermathecae.

FIGURE 136. Distribution of G. hirsutissima.