Gonatocerus (Cosmocomoidea) tremulae ( Bakkendorf, 1934 )

Triapitsyn, Serguei V., 2013, Review of Gonatocerus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Palaearctic region, with notes on extralimital distributions, Zootaxa 3644 (1), pp. 1-178 : 163-166

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.3644.1.1

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DF42B735-9A47-48D5-B382-F6A980563914

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5099157

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DC2687A4-E59E-FF02-68CC-0A641CAB586F

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Gonatocerus (Cosmocomoidea) tremulae ( Bakkendorf, 1934 )
status

 

Gonatocerus (Cosmocomoidea) tremulae ( Bakkendorf, 1934) View in CoL

( Figs 309–316 View FIGURES 309 – 311 View FIGURE 312 View FIGURES 313 – 315 View FIGURE 316 )

Lymaenon tremulae Bakkendorf 1934: 30–33 View in CoL , 69–70 (host), 126–127 (hosts).

Type locality: Fortunens (as Fortunen in the original description) Indelukke, Dyrehaven (Jaegersborg Dyrehave, Zealand Island), Hovedstaden, Denmark. Reinstated as a valid species by Pricop (2010b: 117) from previous synonymy under G. ovicenatus by Baquero & Jordana 2003: 16 –17 (see “Comments” below).

Lymaenon tremulae Bakkendorf View in CoL : Debauche 1948: 81 (list); Hincks 1960: 210 –211 (diagnosis, records from England, UK [in part, see “Material examined”]); Viggiani 1969: 45 (illustration of F4–F8 and clava of female antenna), 46 (comments, a “type” examined).

Gonatocerus tremulae (Bakkendorf) View in CoL : Matthews 1986: 222 (in part; member of the ater species group View in CoL , information on the type; diagnosis likely based primarily on misidentified specimens of G. oxypygus ); Huber 1988: 59 (closely related to G. ovicenatus View in CoL ).

Type material examined. Lectotype female [ ZMUC], here designated to avoid the existing confusion regarding the type specimens of this species, on slide ( Fig. 309 View FIGURES 309 – 311 ) labeled: “ Gonatocerus (“ ater ” group) [in J.T. Huber’s handwriting] Fort. Indelukke. 18-9-28. Paa Asp. Villig til at stikke Idiocerus – AEg Ƥ O. Bakkendorf.”. The lectotype ( Fig. 312 View FIGURE 312 ) is in fair condition, complete but with a few segments of the appendages detached, mounted dorsoventrally. “Paa Asp.” means “on aspen ”, “Villig til at stikke” means “eager to sting”, and “AEg” means “egg” (Lars B. Vilhelmsen, personal communication). The label information likely refers to the note by Bakkendorf (1934) under “Oviposition” (p. 33): “On September 19th, 1928 I had an opportunity to observe the egglaying of Lymaenon tremulae on branches of aspen with eggs of Idiocerus (fig. 49)”. Even though this specimen was not marked by Bakkendorf as L. tremulae and the date on the label is one day earlier than the published date, it is very likely that this female was part of his unmarked syntype series of L. tremulae , particularly because it fits perfectly the original description and the illustrations: the ovipositor is only a little exserted (see Bakkendorf’s figs 44, 48, and 49, pp. 30, 31, and 33, respectively), and F6 of the antenna (in Bakkendorf’s fig. 45, p. 31) is clearly narrower than F5, F7, or F8 and thus likely lacks mps.

Type material was not designated in the original description but Viggiani (1969) noted that he had examined a “type” (apparently a syntype) of L. tremulae without providing further details, and later Matthews (1986) reported that he had examined the “ holotype ” [ ZMUC] collected by O. Bakkendorf on 11.viii.1929 [according to Bakkendorf (1934: 69), that was the date when the parasitized eggs of the host had been collected]. That specimen was then reported as being lost from ZMUC by Baquero & Jordana (2003); according to John S. Noyes (personal communication), some of Bakkendorf’s type specimens of Gonatocerus were lost when they were returned to ZMUC from BMNH where they had been on loan to M.J. Matthews. Matthews’ mention of “ holotype ” is incorrect according to Article 74.5 ([ ICZN] 1999) because the original description mentioned numerous reared specimens, all of which must be considered as syntypes based on Article 72.4.1.1 ([ ICZN] 1999). Article 74.6 ([ ICZN] 1999) does not apply in this situation.

Material examined. AUSTRIA. TYROL, Poltental [ Poltental Valley ], Hall in Tirol, 11.ix.1949, E. Pechlaner [1 Ƥ, NHMW]. RUSSIA. MOSKOVSKAYA OBLAST’, Pushkinskiy rayon, Pushkino , Mamontovka , Sosnovka , 13.ix.2003, V.A. Trjapitzin [1 Ƥ, ZIN]. PRIMORSKIY KRAY, Ussuriyskiy rayon, Gornotayozhnoye , 43.66°N 132.25°E, 200 m, M.V. Michailovskaya: 27–29.v.1999 [1 Ƥ, UCRC]; GoogleMaps 12– 17.viii.1999 [1 Ƥ, UCRC]. UK. ENGLAND: Cumbria Co., Skirwith : 18.ix.1952, H. Britten [1 Ƥ, MMUE]; 29.ix.1948, W.D. Hincks [1 Ƥ, MMUE]. Dorset Co., Bournemouth, 8.x.1982, S.G.C. Brown [1 female, BMNH] (misidentified by S.G.C. Brown as Ooctonus heterotomus Foerster ). North Yorkshire Co., Askham Bog , 27.v.1947, W.D. Hincks [1 Ƥ, MMUE]. WALES, Bridgend Co. Borough, Kenfig Pool National Nature Reserve , 31.viii.1995, J.S. Noyes [1 Ƥ, CNCI].

Distribution. PALAEARCTIC: Austria *, Denmark ( Bakkendorf 1934 [as Lymaenon tremulae ]), Russia *, and UK ( England ( Hincks 1960 [in part, as L. tremulae ]), and Wales *).

Redescription. FEMALE (lectotype and non-type specimens). Body length 1155–1400 µm. Body ( Fig. 312 View FIGURE 312 ) dark brown or black, appendages mostly brown to dark brown except fore tibia light brown to brown and four basal segments of all tarsi light brown.

Antenna ( Figs 310 View FIGURES 309 – 311 , 313 View FIGURES 313 – 315 ) with radicle 0.26–0.27× total length of scape, rest of scape 2.4–2.7× as long as wide; pedicel longer than F1; F1 the shortest funicle segment, F3 a little longer than F2 or F4, F5 the longest funicle segment, F6 a little shorter than F7 or F8; mps on F5 (2), F6 (0 or 1 [ 0 in the lectotype but 1 in the original syntype as illustrated by Viggiani (1969), and also at least 1 in some specimens from England]), F7 (2), and F8 (2); clava with 8 mps, 2.8–3.3× as long as wide, at least a little shorter than combined length of F6–F8.

Mesosoma ( Fig. 314 View FIGURES 313 – 315 ) shorter than metasoma. Propodeum ( Figs 311 View FIGURES 309 – 311 , 315 View FIGURES 313 – 315 ) with fine submedian carinae rather apart from each other, a little closer anteriorly than posteriorly, and either almost extending or extending to anterior margin of propodeum. Fore wing ( Figs 312 View FIGURE 312 , 316 View FIGURE 316 ) 2.7–3.0× as long as wide; longest marginal seta 0.22– 0.24× maximum wing width; disc slightly infumate, bare behind venation except for 2 to 4 setae just behind stigmal vein. Hind wing ( Figs 312 View FIGURE 312 , 316 View FIGURE 316 ) 12–15× as long as wide; disc slightly infumate; longest marginal seta 1.7– 1.9× maximum wing width.

Metasoma ( Fig. 314 View FIGURES 313 – 315 ). Petiole 0.4–0.5× as long as wide, slightly narrower anteriorly than posteriorly. Ovipositor occupying entire or almost entire length of gaster, sometimes projecting forward beneath petiole, and exserted beyond gastral apex by at most 0.1× own length (but sometimes just barely exserted), 2.0–2.1× as long as mesotibia.

Measurements (µm) of the lectotype. Body: 1280; head: 138; mesosoma 430; gaster 707; ovipositor 750. Antenna: radicle 33; rest of scape 93; pedicel 54; F1 34; F2 45; F3 56; F4 54; F5 69; F6 55; F7 64; F8 59; clava 148. Fore wing 1230:427; longest marginal seta 103. Hind wing 875:72; longest marginal seta 124.

MALE. Mentioned by Bakkendorf (1934) who also provided illustrations of the male antenna.

Diagnosis. Gonatocerus tremulae differs from the similar species G. oxypygus by the propodeal submedian carinae ( Figs 311 View FIGURES 309 – 311 , 315 View FIGURES 313 – 315 ) notably more apart from each other (very close to each other in G. oxypygus , Figs 284 View FIGURES 283, 284 , 294 View FIGURES 293 – 295 , 301 View FIGURES 300 – 302 ) and by a relatively shorter ovipositor (at most 2.1× as long as mesotibia and barely exserted in G. tremulae but at least 2.6× as long as mesotibia and distinctly exserted in G. oxypygus ).

Hosts. Populicerus ? confusus (Flor) [as Idiocerus ? confusus Flor] and P. populi (Linnaeus) [as I. populi (Linnaeus) ] ( Cicadellidae : Idiocerinae ) in Denmark ( Bakkendorf 1934).

Comments. As first noted by Viggiani (1969), distribution of mps on the funicle segments was indicated incorrectly in the original description of G. tremulae (only on F8). Among specimens I have seen most lack mps on F6 of the female antenna except for the female from Mamontovka, which has 1 mps on F6, the female from Askham Bog, and one of the females from Skirwith, which apparently have at least 1 mps on F6 (both are dry-mounted). Viggiani (1969) indicated that F5–F8 have mps and illustrated F6 with only 1 mps. Matthews (1986) stated that in G. tremulae F6, F7, and F8 bear 2 mps and F 6 may have 1 or 2 mps but all his specimens from Buckinghamshire and Surrey were misidentified; they belong to G. oxypygus .

It would be desirable to obtain fresh specimens of G. tremulae from aspens in or near the type locality of this species in Denmark. Unfortunately, no aspen trees could be located in the type locality in September 2010 (Lars B. Vilhelmsen, personal communication).

Pricop (2010b) reported, diagnosed, and illustrated supposedly G. tremulae from Romania but his identification was not based on a comparison with the type material. Rather, his specimens represent G. oxypygus with relatively short ovipositors that are not bent down at apex and are exserted beyond gastral apex by about 0.2× own length (that is within the known variation range of G. oxypygus and very similar to its neotype); Viggiani (1988) and Viggiani & Jesu (1988) also misidentified such specimens from Italy ( Figs 297–299 View FIGURES 297 – 299 ) as Lymaenon tremulae , and Donev (2005) reported similar specimens from Bulgaria as G. tremulae . At least in one of the specimens from Romania mentioned and illustrated by Pricop (2010b), a female from Cucoräni that I have examined, the submedian carinae on the propodeum are subparallel and close to each other (as typical for G. oxypygus ) and not joining together at apex of dorsellum although Pricop in his fig. 1-i (2010b, p. 114) illustrated its propodeal submedian carinae as joining together at apex of dorsellum (also seen in his fig. 1-j). That illustration, however, was based on the specimen from Cucoräni whose mesosoma was slide-mounted semi-laterally at an angle so that the propodeal submedian carinae were not properly visible. With Emilian Pricop’s kind permission, its body was remounted dorsoventrally at UCRC in 2012 from Faure’s medium into Canada balsam, and it became clear that its propodeal submedian carinae are identical to those of G. oxypygus whereas in the lectotype of G. tremulae and other conspecific specimens from northern Europe the propodeal submedian carinae are significantly more apart from each other. Resurrection of G. tremulae as a valid species by Pricop (2010b) was correct, even though based on misidentified specimens.

NHMW

Austria, Wien, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien

ZIN

Russia, St. Petersburg, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute

UCRC

USA, California, Riverside, University of California

MMUE

United Kingdom, Manchester, The University, Manchester Museum

CNCI

Canada, Ontario, Ottawa, Canadian National Collection of Insects

ZMUC

Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen

NHMW

Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien

ZIN

Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, Zoological Museum

UCRC

University of California, Riverside

MMUE

Museum of Manchester University

CNCI

Canadian National Collection Insects

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hymenoptera

Family

Mymaridae

Genus

Gonatocerus

Loc

Gonatocerus (Cosmocomoidea) tremulae ( Bakkendorf, 1934 )

Triapitsyn, Serguei V. 2013
2013
Loc

Lymaenon tremulae

Viggiani 1969: 45
Hincks 1960: 210
Debauche 1948: 81
1948
Loc

Lymaenon tremulae

Bakkendorf 1934: 30
1934
Loc

Gonatocerus tremulae

Matthews 1986: 222
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