Paratrigona lineata ( Lepeletier, 1836 ), 1994

Oliveira, Favízia Freitas de, Madella-Auricchio, Cláudia Renata & Freitas, Breno Magalhães, 2020, A new species of Paratrigona Schwarz, 1938 from northeastern Brazil, with notes on the type material of Melipona lineata Lepeletier, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Anthophila: Apidae), Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 54 (25 - 26), pp. 1637-1659 : 1650-1653

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00222933.2020.1819455

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F7108794-FFFC-FF8D-FE95-EFC7FB0634AD

treatment provided by

Carolina

scientific name

Paratrigona lineata ( Lepeletier, 1836 )
status

 

Paratrigona lineata ( Lepeletier, 1836) View in CoL ( Figures 3–5 View Figure 3 View Figure 4 View Figure 5 )

Melipona lineata Lepeletier, 1836 View in CoL , Histoire Naturelle des Insectes- Hyménoptères. Paris:

Roret Vol. 1, 1–547 pp. [430; original description]. Trigona (Paratrigona) lineata View in CoL ; Moure,

1943 [147; notes, geographic record]; Schwarz, 1938 [489; 492–494; 497; partim;

taxonomic note, key, figures: worker, male, wing (plate 59, A, A’, B, B’; plate 60, C)];

Trigona lineata View in CoL ; Cockerell, 1917 [127; partim; taxonomic note]; Schwarz 1932 [239, 259;

citation]; Paratrigona (Paratrigona) lineata View in CoL ; Moure, 1951 [58; taxonomic notes]; Trigona

(Paratrigona) lineata lineata ; Schwarz, 1943 [4–6; key, taxonomic note], Schwarz, 1948

[16, 171, 347, 348, 350–352, 354, 356–366, 370, 372, 374], 376, 377, 380, 383, 384,

390–392, 397, 400, 402, 403, 408, 410; partim; nesting site citation, taxonomy, key,

synonymy, diagnosis, geographic records, geographic range, description: male, figures:

male, worker]; Paratrigona lineata ; Camargo and Wittmann, 1989 [223; citation: nesting

site as obligate subterranean]; Moure, 1990 [117; taxonomic note]; Camargo, 1996 [108,

109, 110, 115, 119; partim; geographic range, biogeography, cladogram]; Camargo and

Roubik, 2005 [33, 35–37, 40, 42; taxonomic characters, comparative notes, phylogeny];

Camargo and Pedro, 2007 [424, partim; geographic record]; Camargo and Pedro, 2013

[424, partim; online catalogue; geographic record]; Paratrigona lineata lineata ;

Camargo, 1988 [357; taxonomic notes; geographic records]; Camargo and Moure,

1994 [33–40, 42, 44, 46, 58, 69–77, 79–82, 86–89, 91–93, 99, 100, 106; partim; biogeo-

graphy, key, taxonomy, diagnosis, geographic records, geographic range, phylogeny,

figures: worker, male); Camargo and Moure, 1996 [103, 110; partim; geographic range,

biogeography].

In the original description of Melipona lineata, Lepeletier (1836) did not mention how many specimens he included in the type material, mentioning only that the material was from Goiás State, Brazil [‘ Du Brézil : Capitainerie de Goyan’] and was deposited in the MNHP Collection [‘ Musée de France’] . We found two specimens in this collection ( Figures 3 View Figure 3 , 4 View Figure 4 ), both specimens bear identical labels (a small white rectangular label, with ‘Type’ handwritten in black ink, a white circular label with provenance data handwritten in black ink, and a cream-coloured square label printed with the phrase ‘ Sud de La Capit e de Goyaz’) ( Figures 3 View Figure 3 (f), 4(f)) . One of the specimens has two additional labels: a small rectangular label with the name lineata handwritten in black ink and a larger label with the word ‘Lectotype’ printed on red paper (probably this red-printed label was added later by Dr. Jesus Santiago Moure, but there is no evidence to confirm this) ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 (f)).

Camargo and Pedro (2007: 424) mentioned that the lectotype would have been designated by Moure (in litt., in 17.IV.1958), but both specimens deposited in the MNHP collection have no identification label added by Moure . They also stated that in his personal notes, Moure did not mention other type specimens besides the lectotype. In order to avoid future confusion about the identity of the type material, the specimen bearing the rectangular label with lineata handwritten in black ink and the larger lectotype red label had received an extra lectotype label printed on blue paper added by the first author of this article ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 (f)). The second type specimen also had added a paralectotype label printed in green paper ( Figure 4 View Figure 4 (f)).

The lectotype characteristically has a broad anchor-shaped stain occupying the central area of the clypeus ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 (a)), with the labrum and mandibles completely yellowish (the mandibles brown contoured, especially at the apex); the supraclypeal area completely yellow; the parocular area with a wide yellow band, wider below until just before the tentorial pit and gradually narrowing upward; the scape yellow, with a brown band on the dorsal surface ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 (a)); the pronotum with a wide band, interrupted in the middle; narrow band on the laterals of the mesoscutum; the pronotal lobe yellow; the axillae yellow on the dorsal surface ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 (b–d)); the apical edge of the mesoscutellum with a broad band ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 (b–d)); and a yellow spot at the base of the anterior, middle and posterior tibiae ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 (b,e)). The specimen is very dirty, but it is possible to see the whitish pilosity on the mesosoma and head, and slightly more yellowish pilosity on the mesoscutum, especially the thicker setae.Relatively long setae are present on the entire mesoscutum ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 (c,d)); the entire dorsal surface of the mesoscutellum ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 (c,d)), including the apical border and ventral surface; as well as the entire surface of the mesepisternum.The metasoma is slightly more reddish than the head and the mesosoma, with the lower sides of T1 rather yellowish.The wing membrane is hyaline with a strongly iridescent lustre and brown veins ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 (b)); the tegules are yellowish with a translucent spot on the disc. The microreticulation is quite strong in the basal area of the propodeum; on the mesepisternum the microreticulation is visible but duller (matt) and covered with very short plumose pilosity interspersed with much longer yellowish setae.

Lectotype measurements

Approximate total length: 4.1 mm; head width: 1.8 mm; thorax width: 2 mm; Anterior wing length: 3.8 mm. The specimen is extremely dirty and very fragile, making other measurements impossible.

Camargo and Moure (1994) mentioned that, as also in Moure’s personal notes, the type specimen of Melipona lineata Lepeletier, 1836 has erect setae on the entire surface of the mesoscutum, mesoscutellum and mesepisternum sides, a pattern also present in specimens from São Paulo and Minas Gerais ( Figure 5 View Figure 5 (b,c)), what was confirmed in our reanalysis of the lectotype.

The paralectotype deposited at MNHP is doubtless a different species ( Figure 4 View Figure 4 ), which means that the type material is composed of two species. It has smaller facial markings (a longitudinal stripe in the middle of the clypeus and two small stripes on each side of the clypeus, as well as narrower parocular bands) ( Figure 4 View Figure 4 (a,b)). The mesoscutellum bears long erect setae only on the sides of the ventral surface ( Figure 4 View Figure 4 (d)), but these are much shorter than in the lectotype. This specimen also lacks long erect setae on the mesoscutum and on the upper 2/3 of the mesepisternum ( Figure 4 View Figure 4 (d)), differing from P. incerta only the reduction of stains on clypeus (possibly a variation).

Also according to Camargo and Moure (1994), the specimens from northeastern Brazil, including Piauí (UruÇui-Una), Maranhão (Balsas, Fortaleza dos Nogueiras and S. Raimundo das Mangabeiras), Ceará (Tabuleiro do Norte), and Paraíba (Santa Luzia, Serra do Brandao), have a glabrous mesoscutum and the dorsal surface of the mesoscutellum (entire disc) with short but very evident erect setae only on the distal margin of the mesoscutellum and the sides of the mesepisternum. Therefore, based on these characters, the specimens that they considered a variation of Paratrigona lineata lineata are treated here as Paratrigona intermedia Oliveira, Madella-Auricchio & Freitas sp. nov ( Figure 8 View Figure 8 ).

In view of the geographic distribution and patterns of variation in specimens from northern, northeastern and southeastern Brazil, including those mentioned by Camargo and Moure (1994), we conclude that Paratrigona lineata ( Lepeletier, 1836) sensu Camargo and Moure (1994) is a species repository, from which we separate Paratrigona intermedia Oliveira, Madella-Auricchio & Freitas as a new species. As a consequence the new concept and distribution for P. lineata ( P. lineata lineata ) here are different than that assumed by Camargo and Moure (1994) and Camargo and Pedro (2013), being restricted, according to their geographical records, to Bolivia (Santa Cruz) and Brazil (Pará, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Bahia, Mato Grosso, São Paulo, Paraná).

Lectotype conservation state: very dirty specimen. The left middle tibia and following parts are glued to the pin. The specimen is missing the left posterior distitarsus from the second tarsus and the right posterior distitarsus from the first tarsus, and the entire flagellum of the left antenna. The right posterior wing is badly damaged at the lower margin.

Key to species of Paratrigona View in CoL (workers) from the lineata View in CoL species group [Modified from Camargo and Moure (1994) and Gonzalez and Griswold (2011)]

1 Anterior margin of mesoscutum a gently rounded slope and its surface uniformly matt and reticulated; absense of maculations on frons, genae (except for some small spots in some specimens of Paratrigona subnuda View in CoL ), mesepisternum and metepisternum (including epimerum); antennal scape not enlarged-flattened, cylindrical, slightly wider, equal to or narrower than width of F3; submarginal angle acute (less than 90°); malar space narrower than half the diameter of F3; head elongated..... 2 ( lineata View in CoL group)

2(1) Mesoscutellum short-paraboloid, length about 0.55 times width; parocular yellow band usually sinuous at level of antennal alveolus.. Paratrigona nuda ( Schwarz, 1943) Mesoscutellum View in CoL short-semicircular, length 0.50 to 0.51 times width; parocular yellow band not sinuous at level of antennal alveolus........................................................................... 3 3(2) Scape narrower than width of F3 ............................................................................................. 4 Scape equal to or slightly wider than width of F3...................................................................... 8 4(3) Long erect setae relatively dense on upper front to vertex ( Figure 5 View Figure 5 (a)), disc of mesoscutum and upper 2/3 of mesepisternum ( Figure 5 View Figure 5 (c)) ( Bolivia, northern Brazil south to Paraná)................................................................ Paratrigona lineata ( Lepeletier, 1836) Long View in CoL erect setae only surrounding ocelli (very few in some species) and vertex ( Figures 1 View Figure 1 (a), 6(a), 7(a)); disc of mesoscutum without long erect setae ( Figures 1 View Figure 1 (d), 6(e), 7(d)); upper 2/3 of mesepisternum with or without long erect setae............................................ 5 5(4) Upper 2/3 of mesepisternum with long erect setae, longer than decumbent plumose pubescence [ Figures 1 View Figure 1 (c), 2(a); and figure 9 of Gonzalez and Griswold (2011)] ........................................................................................................................................................... 6 Upper 2/3 of mesepisternum without long erect setae ( Figures 6 View Figure 6 (c), 7(c))...................... 7 6(5) Erect setae on upper 2/3 of mesepisternum dense and long (at least half of median ocellar diameter) (figure 9 of Gonzalez and Griswold 2011); mesoscutellum dorsally with long erect setae (about as long as median ocellar diameter), including disc and distal half (figure 10 of Gonzalez and Griswold 2011); longest setae on mesoscutellum on yellow stripe ( Paraguay)................ Paratrigona wasbaueri Gonzalez & Griswold, 2011 View in CoL Erect setae on upper 2/3 of mesepisternum fine, sparse and short (about 1/4 of median ocellar diameter) ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 (c)); setae on mesoscutellum short (longest setae about half of median ocellar diameter), restricted to distal margin and some on dorsal yellow stripe ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 (d)); longest setae on mesoscutellum on ventral surface (northeastern Brazil: Maranhão, Piauí, Paraíba and Ceará)....................................................................................... ................................... Paratrigona intermedia Oliveira, Madella-Auricchio & Freitas , sp. nov 7(5) Mesoscutellum with erect setae on distal margin, including also some on dorsal surface adjacent bordering the distal margin ( Figure 6 View Figure 6 (d,e)); face with pale yellow maculations ( Figure 6 View Figure 6 (a)) (northern Argentina to Bolivia)............................................................ ................................................................................. Paratrigona glabella Camargo & Moure, 1994 Mesoscutellum with erect setae on ventral surface only, absent on distal margin ( Figure 7 View Figure 7 (d)); face with bright-yellow maculations ( Figure 7 View Figure 7 (a)) (northern Minas Gerais, Brazil). ................................................................................... Paratrigona incerta Camargo & Moure, 1994 View in CoL 8(3) Scape distinctly broader (1.2–1.3 times) than width of F3 (Pará and Amazonas, Brazil).............................................................. Paratrigona crassicornis Camargo & Moure, 1994 View in CoL Scape about as broad as or slightly broader than width of F3 (southeastern Brazil)....... ....................................................................................................... Paratrigona subnuda Moure, 1947 Malar View in CoL area length about 2/3 width of F3; frontal maculation not distinctly broad above bifurcation; clypeus entirely yellow, at most darkened on disc (Amazonas, Brazil)........... ................................................................................. Paratrigona compsa Camargo & Moure, 1994 View in CoL

MNHP

Princeton University

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hymenoptera

Family

Apidae

Genus

Paratrigona

Loc

Paratrigona lineata ( Lepeletier, 1836 )

Oliveira, Favízia Freitas de, Madella-Auricchio, Cláudia Renata & Freitas, Breno Magalhães 2020
2020
Loc

Paratrigona (Paratrigona) lineata

' sensu Camargo and Moure 1994
1994
Loc

Melipona lineata Lepeletier, 1836

, Lepeletier 1836
1836
Darwin Core Archive (for parent article) View in SIBiLS Plain XML RDF