Cortaderia hieronymi (Kuntze) N.P.Barker & H.P.Linder, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 97(3): 342. 2010.

Testoni, Daniel & Linder, H. Peter, 2017, Synoptic taxonomy of Cortaderia Stapf (Danthonioideae, Poaceae), PhytoKeys 76, pp. 39-69 : 49-51

4. Cortaderia hieronymi (Kuntze) N.P.Barker & H.P.Linder, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 97(3): 342. 2010. Figs 1G , 3C

Triraphis hieronymi Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3): 373. 1898; Danthonia hieronymi (Kuntze) Hack., Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires ser. 3, 6: 484. 1906; Lamprothyrsus hieronymi (Kuntze) Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37 (Beibl. 85): 58. 1906. Type: Argentina, Córdoba, "prope urbem", 6 Nov. 1881, G. H. E. W. Hieronymus s.n. (lectotype, designated as holotype by Conert, Syst. Anat. Arundineae 128 (1961): B!; isolectotype: K!).

Triraphis hieronymi var. jujuyensis Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3): 374, 1898; Danthonia hieronymi var. jujuyensis Kuntze, Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires ser. 3, 6: 486 (1906); Lamprothyrsus hieronymi var. jujuyensis (Kuntze) Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37 (Beibl. 85): 59, 1906. Type: Argentina, Jujuy, sine data, O. Kuntze s.n. (lectotype, designated as holotype by Conert, Syst. Anat. Arundineae 130 (1961): B!).

Lamprothyrsus hieronymi var. pyramidatus Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37 (Beibl. 85): 59. 1906. Type: Bolivia, ad Toldos prope oppium Bermejo, 2000m, 8 Dec. 1903, K. A. G. Fiebrig 2372 (lectotype, designated as holotype by Conert, Syst. Anat. Arundineae 128 (1961): B 10 0249138! (http://ww2.bgbm.org/Herbarium/specimen.cfm?Barcode=B100249138); isolectotypes: K, US).

Lamprothyrsus hieronymi var. nervosus Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37 (Beibl. 85: 59. 1906. Type: Argentina, Cordoba, Sierra Achala, 11 Nov. 1878, G. H. E. W. Hieronymus 43 (lectotype, designated as holotype by Conert, Syst. Anat. Arundineae 129 (1961): B 01 0272938! (http://ww2.bgbm.org/Herbarium/specimen.cfm?Barcode=B100272938); isolectotype: W).

Lamprothyrsus hieronymi var. tinctus Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 37 Beibl. 85: 59. 1906. Type: Bolivia, Bermejo, 1400m, 16 Nov. 1903, K. Fiebrig 2099 (lectotype, designated as holotype by Conert, Syst. Anat. Arundineae 129 (1961): B 10 0249137! (http://ww2.bgbm.org/Herbarium/specimen.cfm?Barcode=B100249137); isolectotypes: K, L!, US!).

Lamprothyrsus peruvianus Hitchc., Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 36: 195. 1923; Cortaderia peruviana (Hitchc.) N.P.Barker & H.P.Linder, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 97(3): 342. 2010. Type: Peru, Yanahuanca, 16-22 Jun 1922, J. F. Macbride & W. Featherstone 1205 (lectotype, designated as holotype in F: F-V0040645F, photo F-50163 (http://emuweb.fieldmuseum.org/web/pages/common/imagedisplay.php?irn=39615&reftable=efmnh&refirn=257048); isolectotypes: US photo!, K!).

Lamprothyrsus venturi Conert, Syst. Anat. Arundineae 130. 1961. Type: Argentina, prov. Tucuman, Famailla, Villa Nougues, 21-10-1923., S. Venturi 2534 (lectotype, designated as holotype by Conert, Syst. Anat. Arundineae 131 (1961): K; isotype: US!).

Etymology.

In honour of George Hans Emmo Wolfgang Hieronymus (1846-1921), German botanist, sometimes resident of Argentina.

Common names.

Seringuilla, sivinga (Tucuman).

Taxonomy.

This species contains substantial variation in the robustness of the plants. Conert (1961) partitioned this variation into three species ( Lamprothyrsus peruvianus , Lamprothyrsus venturi and Lamprothyrsus hieronymi ) and Pilger (1906) recognized varieties in his Lamprothyrsus hieronymi . Study of the herbarium material suggests that this is most likely all one taxon ( Bernardello 1979), but an analysis of variation within natural populations in the field would be useful to understand the range of variation possible. Cortaderia hieronymi differs from the other species in Cortaderia by the very long hair-like lemma awns and setae, the glumes without veins, and the small flowers with relatively short and sparse lemma hair.

Only apomictic populations are known, but a few fertile staminate specimens with long hairs on the lemmas were found ( Bernardello 1979). It is not known if they can form viable caryopses, and if the species is dioecious or gynodioecious.

In the central and northern Argentina to Ecuador Cortaderia hieronymi is sympatric with the two subspecies of Cortaderia selloana , but it is easily separated by its smaller panicles, spikelets with glumes without veins, and 5-veined, 3-awned lemmas. In Peru and Ecuador it is sympatric with Cortaderia bifida , with which it is often confused: in both species the old leaf sheaths are lacerated and the spikelets have long awns, but the spikelets of Cortaderia hieronymi are bigger, and the lemmas with longer and robust central awns.

Figures

Figure 1. Lemmas of selected species of Cortaderia. A Cortaderia selloana, Juergens 40 (B) B Cortaderia araucana, Borchers s. n. (US) C Cortaderia speciosa, P. M. Peterson 12766 (US) D Cortaderia vaginata, L. B. Smith, P. R. Reitz & R. Klein 7761 (B) E Cortaderia egmontiana, P. M. Peterson, R. J. Soreng & N. Refulio-Rodriguez 17508 (US) F Cortaderia modesta, A. Chase 8288 (US) G Cortaderia hieronymi, A. Burkart et al. 30395 (P) - note that awn and setae are much longer than illustrated H Cortaderia nitida, S. Laegaard 52786 (K) I Cortaderia sericantha, E. Asplund 17175 (B) J Cortaderia bifida, D. N. Smith & J. Cabanillas 7167 (US) K Cortaderia hapalotricha, J. C. Solomon & R. Chevalier 16620 L Cortaderia columbiana, J. P. Schulz 318 (US). All at same magnification.

Figure 3. Leaf anatomy of Cortaderia, as evident from transverse sections. A Cortaderia egmontiana (Moore 2677) B Cortaderia modesta (Glaziou 17913) C Cortaderia hieronymi (Garcia 563) D Cortaderia nitida (Laegaard 53121) E Cortaderia boliviensis (Beck 11273); F Cortaderia sericantha (Ramsay 967); G Cortaderia echinata (Peterson 21587) H Cortaderia bifida (Renvoize 4202) I Cortaderia hapalotricha (Laegaard 53305) J Cortaderia roraimensis (Maguire 60448). Structures referred to in the descriptions are labelled as follows: 1, multi-layered abaxial sub-epidermal collenchyma layer; 2, adaxial islands of collenchyma in the abaxial grooves; 3, chlorenchyma; 4, primary vascular bundle; 5, midrib.