Ptychoderes viridanus Boheman, 1833

Mermudes, José Ricardo M. & Napp, Dilma Solange, 2006, Revision and cladistic analysis of the genus: Ptychoderes Schoenherr, 1823 (Coleoptera, Anthribidae, Anthribinae, Ptychoderini), Zootaxa 1182 (1), pp. 1-130 : 58-61

Ptychoderes viridanus Boheman, 1833

Figs. 75 , 89, 103 , 117 , 146–149 , 223 , 258 , 266

Ptychoderes viridanus Boheman, 1833: 121 ; Schoenherr, 1839: 158; Jekel, 1855: 63; Gemminger & Harold, 1872: 2722 (cat.); Bovie, 1906: 220 (cat.); Wolfrum, 1929: 6 (cat.); Guérin, 1953: 183; Gombauld & Duranton, 1996: 384 (biology); Rheinheimer, 2004: 10 (cat.).

Ptychoderes viridanus var. ochraceus Frieser, 1979: 110 ; Rheinheimer, 2004: 10 (cat.). (unavailable name, ICNZ Art. 10.2).

Ptychoderes viridaduns [sic]; Jekel, 1849: 10 (list.) (misspelling).

Ptychoderes viridana [sic]; Blackwelder, 1947: 765 (cat.).

Male. Vestiture ( Fig. 223 ): pale dorsal vitta formed by whitish scales intermingled with decumbent, dark­green scales (greenish­ochreous in pale forms) clothing rostrum, head, pronotum and elytral interstriae 1, 2 and 4. Pygidium with predominance of green scales. Ventral body surface and legs with appressed, dense, yellowish­white scales. Sides of prosternum with setigerous punctures each provided with a green or light­brown scale; below laterobasal carina with small, irregular, dark spot of blackish­brown scales, rarely reaching lateral carina. Sides of mesosternum with wide glabrous vitta. Anterior angles of ventrites I–V with a spot of dense, blackish­brown scales. Mesepimera, episterna and sides of metasternum with dense, coarse, shallow setigerous punctures, each provided with a brownish scale; sides of ventrites without such punctures. Outer surface of meso­ and metafemora with strip of blackish­brown scales.

Rostrum 1.4–1.7 times as long as wide across base. Distance between scrobe and eyes shorter or subequal to maximum width of eye. Sides looking tricarinate due to careniform upper margin of scrobe; upper carina slightly elongate, not reaching scrobal margin; lower carina more thiken near scrobe; with or without transverse carina between margin of scrobal extension and lower carina. Scrobes careniform at dorsal and basal margins; extension deep with deep distal pit, slightly wider than extension. Mentum finely, sparsely punctate; strongly impressed at sides and shallowly grooved at apical margin. Gula with sparse, fine punctures. Frons with weakly prominent carinae.

Antennae ( Fig. 223 ) from short, reaching elytral basal third, to almost as long as body, reaching elytral apical third. Segments II–V increasing in length; VI slightly shorter than V; VII–IX decreasing in length; X half as long as IX; XI about 1/3 longer than X (II = 0.4–1.3; III = 0.5–2.0; IV = 0.6–2.3; V = 0.6–2.5; VI = 0.4–2.3; VII = 0.5–2.7; VIII = 0.3–2.2; IX = 0.6–1.9; X = 0.4–0.8; XI = 0.6–1.3).

Prothorax ( Fig. 223 ) as long as or longer than wide; sides converging anteriorly from antebasal carina. Pronotal depression deep, divided by prominent, more or less transverse tubercle reaching lateral margins of depression. Pronotum not rugose or, if rugae present, then hardly visible inside depression in front of median tubercle. Antebasal carina interrupted at middle (about twice width of carina), barely sinuous and slightly oblique towards lateral carina. Lateral carina strongly sinuous. Secondary carina slightly curved, moderately interrupted at middle, reaching lateral carina. Laterobasal carina prominent, reaching posterior margin of prothorax. Prosternum ( Fig. 258 ) almost flat, with coarse, deep, moderately dense punctures; antecoxal furrow shallow, strongly sinuous with tiny prosternal projection at middle not interrupting furrow. Mesosternum with moderately coarse, shallow, irregularly sparse punctures, with shallow, irregular impression near intercoxal process. Intercoxal process of mesosternum longitudinally impressed, swollen at lateral and apical margins, with minute lateroapical projections. Elytra about 2.2 times as long as wide across humeri; barely depressed at basal two thirds, convex at apical third; basal gibbosities almost inconspicuous; surface weakly rugose at base and near suture beyond middle of elytra. Sides subparallel at basal half, slightly converging apically from middle. Anteapical tubercles absent, interstriae not swollen, and apical margin not prominent. Wings with radial cell.

Abdomen. Ventrite I with developed, almost rounded setiferous sex patch, clothed with dense, erect, moderately long, yellowish pubescence (brownish in pale forms). Ventrite V not impressed at disk, slightly emarginate at apex. Pygidium wider than long, subconvex at anterior half, with short groove to fit elytra; apical margin rounded­truncate.

Terminalia. Tergite VIII ( Fig. 75 ) slightly wider than long, subparallel at sides, rounded­truncate at apical margin; sternite VIII ( Fig. 89 ) convergent at sides, apical margin slightly emarginate forming poorly defined, large lobes, apodeme triangular, sclerotized; apodeme of sternite IX ( Fig. 103 ) twice as long as arms. Tegmen ( Fig. 117 ) slightly emarginated at apex. Aedeagus ( Figs. 146–149 ) without arc between apodemes; tectum ( Fig. 147 ) straight at proximal margin, abruptly acuminated at apex; pedon ( Figs. 146, 148 ) with body strongly curved and narrowed apically; apodemes slightly curved, sinuous at proximal third. Internal sac ( Fig. 146 ) slightly shorter than aedeagus, spiculated at apical two thirds; median sclerites narrowed and weakly sclerotised ( Fig. 149 ).

Female. Rostrum slightly longer than wide across base. Antennae short, just exceeding middle of prothorax; segments II–V subequal in length, VI–VII slightly shorter than V; VIII and X, shortest; IX and XI subequal (II = 0.3–0.6; III = 0.4–0.7; IV = 0.7–0.8; V = 0.6–0.7; VI = 0.5–0.6; VII = 0.3–0.6; VIII = 0.3–0.5; IX = 0.4–0.8; X = 0.3–0.5; XI = 0.5–0.8). Elytra more convex. Ventrite V truncate at apex. Terminalia similar to that of P. mixtus , differing by tergite VIII weakly rounded at sides, and emarginate at apical margin; spermathecal gland twice as long as spermatheca.

Measurements in mm, male/female. TL = 10.7–20.5/8.7–19.7; RL = 1.7–3.5/1.2–2.5; RAW = 1.4–2.5/1.2–2.3; RBW = 1.2–2.0/1.1–2.0; HW = 1.7–3.0/1.4–3.0; DSO = 0.5–1.7/ 0.4–0.8; MLO = 0.9–1.6/0.7–1.5; PL =2.8–5.5/2.5–5.3; PW = 2.8–5.0/2.5–5.0; EL = 6.7–13.2/5.7–13.2; EW = 3.0–6.0/2.7–5.8.

Type material

Female holotype, not examined, deposited in the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm ( NHRS). Type locality: the species was based on a single female recorded from Brazil (Boheman in Schoenherr 1833) .

Remarks

The following synapomorphies support P. viridanus as sister group of the clade P. antiquus +: meso­ and metafemora with postmedian dark stripe (5 2); pronotum rugose only inside the depression (19 2); and elytral surface weakly rugose (30 3). The small, dark spot below the laterobasal carina of prothorax is an autapomorphy of this species.

By the dense, green scales of the dorsal vestiture, P. viridanus looks like P. jordani and P. jekeli , differing by the non­rugose pronotum (or rugose only inside the depression in front of the median tubercle), and prosternum with a narrow, sinuous, shallow antecoxal furrow. In P. jordani and P. jekeli , the pronotum is rugose throughout, and the prosternum deeply furrowed in front of procoxae.

Distribution ( Fig. 266 )

TRINIDAD & TOBAGO, COLOMBIA, VENEZUELA, FRENCH GUIANA, BRAZIL (Amapá, Acre, Rondônia, Amazonas, Pará, Ceará, Mato Grosso, Bahia, Espírito Santo) and BOLIVIA. Rheinheimer (2004) recorded P. viridanus also from GUIANA and ECUADOR.

Material examined

TRINIDAD & TOBAGO: Arina, 1 M, 1957, Duffy leg. ( BMNH) . VENEZUELA. Delta Amacuro, Bajo Delta, 1 M, Pastor Ávila leg. ( ZSMA) . COLOMBIA. Vichada: PNN Tuparro Cerro Tomás (5°21’N, 67°51W, 140 m), 1 F, XI – XII –2000, Villalba leg. (malaise) ( IAHC). BOLIVIA. Rio Colorado , Alto Surutu (not stated), 1 M, II .1964, A. Martinez leg. ( MACN); Cochabamba: Chaparé (Chipiriri), 2 M, IV .1943, A. Martinez leg. ( MZSP). BRAZIL. 1 M,ex­col. Fry (Dry Forest) ( BMNH), 1 F, (ex. Mus. W. W. S.) ( BMNH). Amapá: Serra do Navio (assentamento), 10 M, 10 F , X.1996, 5 M, 7 F, X.1997, Magno leg. ( MNRJ); Ponto Grande (Nova Colina, assentamento), 3 M, 2 F, II .2001, Magno leg.; ( BR, 156 KM), 1 M, II .1999 , Magno leg. ( MNRJ). Acre: Rio Branco , 2 F, XI .1961 , Oliveira leg. ( MNRJ). Rondônia: Forte Príncipe da Beira , 1 M, XI .1961 , Oliveira leg. ( MNRJ); Ouro Preto d’Oeste , 1 M, X.1980, Roppa et al. leg. ( MNRJ); Vilhena , 2 M, XII .1986, Elias leg. (Polonoroeste) ( MNRJ). Amazonas: 1 M, Dr. Hahnel, (Staudinger), ex­col. K. Jordan ( BMNH); Benjamin Constant ( Rio Javari ), 1M, IV .1942, 1 M, 1 F, V.1942, Pohl leg.; 1 F, VIII.1960, 2 M, 1 F, X.1960, 1 F, XI .1960, 1 M, XII.1960, 2 F, II.1961, 1 M, III.1961, 1 M, VII.1961, 2 M, 5 F, X.1961, 1 M, XII .1961, 2 M, XI.1962, 1 F, VI.1964, 1 F, XI.1966, Dirings leg. ( MZSP); 1 M, 2 F, III – IV.1942, Parko leg., 1 M, IX.1955, Lima leg., 2 M, IX.1960, Pereira leg., 1 M, XI .1960 , Schneider leg. ( MNRJ); Manaus , 1 F, XI.1957, Elias & Roppa leg. ( MNRJ), 1 F, VIII –1959, Elias leg. ( DZUP), 1 M, VII.1959, Fernandes leg. ( DZUP), 1 F, XI.1957, Elias & Roppa leg. ( MNRJ), 1 M, 1 F, XII.1955, 1 M, 4 F, XI .1957 , Elias & Roppa leg. ( MNRJ), (1 Km W Taruma Falls , 100m), 1 M, III .1981 , G. Ekis leg. (“primary Forest on bark, day”) ( INPA); São Paulo de Olivença ( Rio Solimões ), 1 F, I.1960, 2 M, 1 F, XI .1960, 1 M, 1 F, XII .1960 , Dirings leg. ( MZSP); Tabatinga , 1 F, X.1956 Oliveira leg., 1 F, IX .1978 Pereira leg. ( DZUP, MNRJ), 1 M, 1 F, X.1956, Lima leg., 1 F, IX .1956, Oliveira leg. ( MNRJ). Pará: Itaituba ( Rio Tapajós ), 1 M, Dirings leg. ( MZSP); Igarapé Bacaba ( Ilha do Pará ), 1 F, XI .1997, Magno leg. ( MNRJ); Jacareacanga , 1 F, IV .1969, Barbosa leg. ( MNRJ); Mocajuba , 1 M, II .1953, Rego leg. ( MNRJ); Óbidos , 1 M, IX .1953, Oliveira leg. ( MNRJ), 1 M, 1 F, V .1922 , H. Boy leg. ( MNRJ). Ceará: Carquejo, 1 M, II .1963 , Dirings leg. ( MZSP). Mato Grosso: Chapada dos Guimarães, 1 M, IX .1985 , Mario F. leg. ( MZSP); Sinop (12° 31’ S 55° 37’ W, BR 163, 350 m), 2 M, 3 F, X.1973, (500–600m), 4 M, 6 F IX .1974, 3 M, F, X.1975, Alvarenga & Roppa leg.; Faz. Teles , 8 M, 1 F , X.1974, 1 M, X.1976, Silva leg. ( MNRJ); Jacaré (P. N. Xingu), 1 M, XI .1961, Alvarenga & Werner leg. ( MNRJ); Vila Vera , 1 F , X.1973, Roppa & Alvarenga leg. ( MNRJ); Xavantina–Cachimbo (12º 50’ S, 51º 45’ W), 1 M, 1 F, XI .1967, B. E. Freeman, Roy. Soc. ­ Roy., Geog. Soc., Exped. 1967–69 ( BMNH). Bahia: 1 F, ex­col. Fry ( BMNH). Espírito Santo: Conceição da Barra , 1 F, 2 M , X– XII.1968, 1 M, 1 F, XI .1969 , E lias leg. ( MNRJ); São Mateus , 2 F, XII .1969 , Lima leg. ( MNRJ); Linhares (Parque Sooretama), 1 M, VI.1969, Silva leg., 1 F, X.1972, Elias leg. ( MZSP), 1 F, III .1953, 3 F, V.1953, Teles leg. ( MNRJ), 1 F, II.1973, 1 M, III.1973, 1 M, XI.1973, Elias leg. ( MNRJ), 4 M, 3 F, XI – XII.1969, 1 F, IX.1972, Silva leg. ( MNRJ); 1 F, XII.1965, Maller leg., 1 M, I.1965, 1 F, XII .1968, ( DZUP, MZSP), 3 M, 1 F, I.1970, 1 M, XII .1969, Lima leg. ( DZUP, MNRJ).

Figures

FIGURES 70–84. Eighth tergite, male, dorsal. 70, Hypselotropis annulicornis; 71, Ptychoderes mixtus; 72, P. bivittatus; 73, P. callosus; 74, P. rugicollis; 75, P. viridanus; 76, P. antiquus; 77, P. elongatus; 78, P.nebulosus; 79, P. longicollis; 80, P.jordani; 81, P. obsoletus; 82, P. magnus; 83, P. depressus; 84, P. virgatus; scale bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 85–112. 85–98, eighth sternite, male, ventral. 85, Ptychoderes mixtus; 86, P. bivittatus; 87, P. callosus; 88, P. rugicollis; 89, P. viridanus; 90, P. antiquus; 91, P. elongatus; 92, P. nebulosus; 93, P. longicollis; 94, P. jordani; 95, P. obsoletus; 96, P. magnus; 97, P. depressus; 98, P. virgatus. 99–112, ninth sternite, male, ventral. 99, Ptychoderes mixtus; 100, P. bivittatus; 101, P. callosus; 102, P. rugicollis; 103, P. viridanus; 104, P. antiquus; 105, P. elongatus; 106, P.nebulosus; 107, P. longicollis; 108, P. jordani; 109, P. obsoletus; 110, P. magnus; 111, P. depressus; 112, P. virgatus; scale bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 113–126. Tegmen, dorsal. 113, Ptychoderes mixtus; 114, P. bivittatus; 115, P. callosus; 116, P. rugicollis; 117, P. viridanus; 118, P. antiquus; 119, P. elongatus; 120, P. nebulosus; 121, P. longicollis; 122, P. jordani; 123, P. obsoletus; 124, P. magnus; 125, P. depressus; 126, P. virgatus. ap=apodeme; pf=preapical flange; sr=sclerotized ring; scale bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 142–157. Aedeagus. 142–145, Ptychoderes rugicollis, lateral, dorsal and ventral; 145, sclerite, dorsal; 146–149, P. viridanus, lateral, dorsal and ventral; 149, sclerite, dorsal; 150–153, P. antiquus, dorsal, ventral and lateral; 153, sclerite, dorsal; 154–157, P. elongatus, dorsal, ventral and lateral; 157, sclerite, dorsal; scale bar = 1mm.

FIGURES 221–227. 221, Ptychoderes callosus Jekel, 1855, male; 222, P. rugicollis Jordan, 1895, male; 223, P. viridanus Boheman, 1833, male; 224, P. antiquus Jekel, 1855, male; 225, P. elongatus (Germar, 1824), male; 226–227, P. nebulosus (Olivier, 1795), male.

FIGURES 251–262. Prosternum. 251, Tribotropis prasinata; 252, Unanthribus grandis; 253, Ptychoderes virgatus; 254, P. jekeli, female holotype; 255, P. magnus, male holotype; 256, P. obsoletus; 257, P. longicollis, male holotype; 258, P. viridanus; 259, P. rugicollis; 260, P. callosus; 261, P.nebulosus; 262, P. elongatus.

FIGURES 265–266. 265. Geographical distribution of P. bivittatus (black squares), P. magnus (white triangles), P. obsoletus (black triangles). 266. Geographical distribution of P. mixtus (black squares), P. viridanus (lozenge), P. antiquus (white circles).