Scolopia orientalis Sleumer, 1972

Applequist, Wendy L. & Schatz, George E., 2016, A synoptic revision of the Malagasy species of Scolopia Schreb. (Salicaceae, Scolopieae), Adansonia 38 (1), pp. 99-115 : 112-113

10. Scolopia orientalis Sleumer

Blumea 20: 54 (1972).

— Type: Madagascar. Prov. Toamasina, forêt Ambila-Lemaitso , 8.III.1954, fl., Service Forestier 9527 (holo-, P [ P00077438 ]! ; iso-, L [ L0011253 ], TEF [ TEF000252 ], photos seen).

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Madagascar. Prov. Antsiranana, forêt Ambodipont, Ampanavoana, Antalaha, Parc Masoala , 15°44’45”S, 50°19’25”E, 0-10 m, 15-20.III.1996, fl., Bernard 260 ( G, MO). — Fampotatrely, Ampanavoana , Vinanivao , Antalaha , Parc Masoala , 15°35’S, 50°25’E, 0-50 m, 7.V.1996, post-fl., Bernard 286 (MO, P, USMS).

Prov. Fianarantsoa. Préf. Farafangana, comm. rurale Mahabo-Mananivo , fok. Baboaka , forêt Marovahatry , au bord du marécage Andranokena , 23°10’41”S, 47°43’49”E, 23 m, 21.IV.2004, fl., Ludovic 746 (MO).

Prov. Toamasina. Atsinanana, Ambila-Lemaitso , vers la Station Forestière , à l’W du canal des Pangalanes , 18°49’28”S, 49°09’19”E, 10 m, 25.IX.2000, fr., Andrianjafy 109 (P). — Commune Brickaville, fokontany Andranokoditra , forêt de Volibola [ Vohibola ], grande piste tracteur [sic] vers Hotely Akaninofy , 18°34’24”S, 49°14’20”E, 7.I.2003, fr., Ludovic & Rakotoarivony 238 (MO). — Fivondronana Sainte Marie, firaisana Lokintsy , fokontany Ambohidena , forêt d’Ambohidena, 16°51’11”S, 49°57’10”E, 1.VI.2004, post-fl., Rabehevitra & Poity 1100 (MO, P). — Same loc., same date, post-fl., Rabehevitra & Poity 1154 (MO, P). — Fivondronana Brickaville, firaisana Andranonkoditra , fokontany Ankanin’ny nofy, forêt de Vohibola , 18°33’56”S, 49°15’24”E, 8 m, 4.VIII.2003, fl., Rabehevitra et al. 370 (MO). — Fivondronana Soanierana-Ivongo, commune rurale Manompana , forêt d’Antanambao-Ambodiman- ga, 16°46’24”S, 49°42’51”E, 30.I.2003, fr., Rabevohitra et al. 4323 (MO, P). — Fivondronana Sainte Marie, firaisana Lokintsy , fokontany Ambohidena , forêt d’Ambohidena, 16°51’11”S, 49°57’18”E, 18.II.2004, fl., Rabevohitra et al. 5051 (MO). — District Fénérive-Est, station forestière de Tampolo , 10 km N de Fénérive-Est , 17°16’52”S, 49°24’44”E, 0-150 m, 24.I.1995, fr., Raholivelo et al. 222 (MO). — Fiv. Brickaville, commune Brickaville , village Ambila-Lemaitso , à 2 km au SW de l’hôtel Les Alizés , 18°53’52”S, 49°07’48”E, 10 m, 22.IX.2000, fr., Randrianaivo et al. 536 (MO, P). — Vohibola, district de Brickaville, commune Ambinaninony, fokontany d’Andranokoditra , E of trial to Andranokoditra, 18°33’39”S, 49°14’33”E, 27 m, 28.X.2002, Randrianasolo et al. 760 ( G, MO, P). — Nosy Mangabe , 15°30’S, 49°46’E, 0-330 m, 13-23.IV.1988, fl., Schatz & Gentry 2301 (MO, P). — 6-10 km S of Ambila-Lemaitso, 18°51’S, 49°08’E, 0-20 m, 6.III.1988, fl., Schatz et al. 1944 (MO, P). — Forêt de Tampolo au N de Fenerive , IV.1954, fr., Service Forestier 9194 (P). — Ambila-Lemaitso 36-J0B2, 25.IV.1954, fl., fr., Service Forestier 9748 (P). — Analamantsina, Tamatave , 12.VI.1954, fr., Service Forestier 10549 (P). — Tampolo, Fenerive-Est , 4.III.1955, fr., Service Forestier 13101 (P). — J[ardin] B[otanique] no 21, Tampolo , canton Ampasina , district Fénérive , 1.II.1957, fr., Service Forestier 16498 (P). — Same loc., 25.II.1957, fr., Service Forestier 16617 (P). — J[ardin] B[otanique] 2-Sect. C-4 Staforet-ABL, village le plus proche Ambila-Lemaitso , canton Andevoranto , dist. Brickaville , 3.XII.1954, fr., Service Forestier 16854 (P). — Ambila-Lemaitso , 8-10.VIII.1957, fr., Service Forestier 18069 (P). — Point Tompolo, Masoala Peninsula , 15°39’30”S, 49° 57’30”E, 0 m, VII.1993, fr., Zjhra & Hutcheon 421 (MO, P).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. — Scolopia orientalis is endemic to eastern littoral or sublittoral forests ( Fig. 4 ), on sand.

REMARKS

Scolopia orientalis is a tree to 15 m, or occasionally a climbing shrub, with smooth blackish to brownish bark and persistent, elliptical to obovate-oblong leaves. It is the most widespread of the four littoral species, and as is common in that group, has leaves that dry greenish to grayish-green or olive. The flowers are fragrant and visited by bees (label data from Schatz et al. 1944); the calyx is white to pale pink, the petals white to yellowish white, the stamens white, and the gynoecium reddish purple. The fruits are reddish and relatively often have a persistent style. It may most easily be confused with the littoral species S. delphinensis , sp. nov. and S. madagascariensis , both of which have numerous stamens and usually greenish-drying leaves; the former has smaller and narrower leaves and is endemic to the extreme southeast (where S. orientalis does not occur), and the latter has broader leaves whose apices are usually cuspidate rather than rounded.

ETHNOBOTANY

The wood of Scolopia orientalis is used for construction (Service Forestier 16498, 16617).

VERNACULAR NAMES

Aferonakavy (Service Forestier 16498 [Betsimisaraka dialect]); Masompinengo (Rabevohitra et al. 4323); Menahily (Raholivelo et al. 222); Menahy (Service Forestier 9527, 9748, 16854); Menahy à p[etites] f[euilles] (Service Forestier 10549); Tokokintsy (Service Forestier 16617 [Betsimisaraka dialect]).

CONSERVATION STATUS

The preliminary assessment of the conservation status of Scolopia orientalis is Vulnerable (VU B2ab(iii)). It is known from ten locations, and has an Extent of Occurrence of 30 311 km 2 and a minimum Area of Occupancy of 64 km 2. It is restricted to littoral forest, a highly threatened and fragmented ecosystem, which is mostly unprotected and subject to ongoing degradation; it occurs in the Protected Area of Masoala.

Figures

FIG. 4. — Distribution of Scolopia delphinensis, sp.nov.(▲);S.orientalis Sleumer (●); and S. taimbarina H.Perrier (■).