A taxonomic revision of Bromus (Poaceae: Pooideae: Bromeae) in México and Central America Author Saarela, Jeffery M. Botany Section, Research & Collections Services, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada; jsaarela @ mus-nature. ca & Author for correspondence jsaarela@mus-nature.ca Author Peterson, Paul M. Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., 20013 - 7012, U. S. A.; peterson @ si. edu peterson@si.edu Author Valdés-Reyna, Jesus Botany Section, Research & Collections Services, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada; jsaarela @ mus-nature. ca & Departamento de Botanica, Univerisidad Autonoma Agraria " Antonio Narro " Buenavista, Saltillo, Coahuila 25315, MÉXICO; jvaldés @ uaaan. mx & Botany Section, Research & Collections Services, Canadian Museum of Nature, PO Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario K 1 P 6 P 4, Canada; jsaarela @ mus-nature. ca jsaarela@mus-nature.ca text Phytotaxa 2014 2014-11-14 185 1 1 147 journal article 5187 10.11646/phytotaxa.185.1.1 4fc1902a-6bcc-45b9-9588-7cc7a150e063 1179-3163 10090001 5a. Bromus carinatu s var. carinatus . Figs. 15A–D , 16 . Awns 7.1–10 mm long. Distribution:― This variety is not as widespread as var. marginatus . It is known from Costa Rica ( Cartago , Heredia , San José ), Honduras ( Ocotepeque ) and Mexico ( Baja California , Coahuila , Chiapas , Chihuahua , Distrito Federal , Durango , Guanajuato , Jalisco , Estado de México , Michoácan , Nuevo León , Oaxaca , Puebla , San Luis Potosí , Sinaloa , Tamaulipas , Tlaxcala and Veracruz ) ( Fig. 17 ). 42 Phytotaxa 185 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press SAARELA ET AL. ATAXONOMIC REVISION OF BROMUS (POACEAE) FIGURE 15. Bromus carinatus var. carinatus . A. Spikelet. B. Lemma. C. Inflorescence. D. Ligule. Bromus carinatus var. marginatus . E. Spikelet. F. Lemma. G. Inflorescence. Illustration by C.T. Roché, reproduced from Barkworth et al. (2007) with permission. Phytotaxa 185 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 43 FIGURE 16. Bromus carinatus var. carinatus . Gould 11621 (MICH-1119195). 44 Phytotaxa 185 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press SAARELA ET AL. Comments:— Elsewhere in North America awns in this variety range to 15–17 mm long ( Pavlick & Anderton 2007 , Saarela & Peterson 2012 ). In México and Central America we have not seen specimens with awns greater than 10 mm long. Specimens Examined:— COSTA RICA . Cartago : 6 km SW of Pacayas , [ 9.8°N , 84.08°W ], 1700 m , 10 August 1968 , R . W . Pohl & G . Davidse 10893 (CR-46403, F-1732776); km post 19 along road to the crater of Volcán Irazú , [ 9.97°N , 83.85°W ], 2600 m , 1 August 1968 , R . W . Pohl & G . Davidse 10807 (F-1733610); Volcán Irazú , 9.9769°N , 83.8542°W , 16 August 1964 , W . E . Booth 166 ( US-3480655 ) . Heredia : Volcán Irazu , [ 9.97°N , 83.85°W ], 1912, A . M . Brenes s.n. ( NY ) . San José : at km post 51 along the carretera Interamericana , Nof Empalme , 1980 m , 22 August 1968 , R . W . Pohl & G . Davidse 11005 (CR-47205, F-1731856, US-3578264 ) ; HONDURAS . Ocotepeque : Mt. Cocal of Cordillera Merendon 20 km NW of Ocotopeque , [ 14.49°N , 89.04°W ], 1800 m , 25 August 1968 , A . Molina R. 22140 (F-1675844, NY). MÉXICO . Baja California : Ensenada , 31.8606°N , 116.6178°W , 7 April 1882 , Jones s.n. ( RSA-POM-112248 ); Ensenada , 32.5°N , 116.6°W , 7 April 1886 , C . R . Orcutt s.n . ( US-1009472 ); Sierra de Juárez , Parque Nacional Constitución de 1857, Laguna Hanson , 26 May 1987 , [ 32.05°N , 115.9167°W ], 1610–1700 m , R . F . Thorne , A . Strid , K . Tan , F . Ehrendorfer & A . Liston 62392 ( NY , RSA-POM-394998 , F-2047437); just below head of Prado del Corona , 1 mi above end of road from oak pasture and Melling Ranch , [ 30.75°N , 115.5167°W ], 7400 ft , 6 September 1962 , J . D. Olmsted 4737 ( RSA-POM-170872 ); Laguna Hanson , Constitución National Park , Sierra de Juárez , [ 31.97°N , 115.83°W ], 1610–1625 m , 28 May 1983 , R . F . Thorne , W . Wisura , W . Steinmetz et al. 55756 ( RSA-POM-310370 ); Northern Lower California , April 1886 , C . R . Orcutt s.n. ( GH , MSC-4710 , NY ); Lower California , 1886, C . R . Orcutt s.n. ( NY ); Sierra San Pedro Mártir , La Grulla , 30.8917°N , 115.4833°W , 2050 m , 8 June 1982 , R . Moran 30920 ( SD-111378 ); Sierra de Juárez , Constitución National Park , Laguna Hanson , Nend of lake, [ 32.05°N , 115°W ], 1610–1625 m , 28 May 1983 , R.F. Thorne , W . Visura , W . Steinmetz et al. 44803 ( SD-123836 ); below Rancho Jatay, 32.025°N , 116.8542°W , 80 m , 11 June 1980 , R . Moran 28792 ( SD-105409 ); Wshore of Laguna Hanson , 32.0542°N , 115.075°W , 1610 m , 21 June 1980 , R. Moran 28864 ( SD-105489 ); Sierra San Pedro Mártir , La Joya , on Valladares Creek , above creek, 30.925°N , 115.6°W , 1500 m , 31 May 1976 , R . Moran 2332 ( SD-96979 ); Sierra Juárez , 1 km SE of Rancho San Pedro 32.1667°N , 115.4833°W , 1675 m , 22 June 1980 , R . Moran 28908 ( SD-105488 ); Sierra San Pedro Mártir , Parque Nacional San Pedro Mártir , at entrance to park in recently burned area, [ 31.13°N , 115.19°W ], 2040 m , 27 August 1988 , P . M . Peterson , C . R . Annable , R . F . Thorne & R . Noyes 5027 ( CAN , US ) . Coahuila : Sierra Zapalinamé , 25.3468°N , 100.908°W , 2800 m , 20 September 2003 , P . M . Peterson , J . Valdés-Reyna & R . H . Cárdenas 17871 ( CAN , MO , US ); Portrero Valley , [ 26.65 °N , 112.05°W ], June 1899 , C . R . Orcutt s.n. ( US- 1009475 ); Todos Santos Bay , 31.7667°N , 116.6167°W , 1882, F . E . Fish 12 ( US-90886 ) . Chiapas : Mpio. Tenejapa , in the paraje of Pahal Ton , 16.85°N , 92.45°W , 2286 m , 1 October 1965 , D. E . Breedlove 12608 ( DS , US-2999875 ); Mpio. Venustiano Carranza , in the sitios of Aguacatenango , 16.45°N , 92.4667°W , 1768 m , 22 July 1965 , D. E . Breedlove 11226 ( DS , MICH-1119255 , US-2999853 ); Mt. Tacana , 15.1333°N , 92.1°W , 1000–2000 m , August 1938 , E . Matuda 2444 (F-1004956, GH , MICH-1119182 , US-1724501 , NY ); Mpio. Tenejapa , Paraje Shohleh , 16.86°N , 92.49°W , 2499 m , 4 April 1966 , A . S . Ton 724 ( MICH-1119253 , US-3005102 ); 2 mi SE of Pueblo Nuevo Solist , 17.07°N , 92.86°W , 1585 m , 26 July 1965 , E . Lathrop 5971 ( RSA-POM-196173 , US-2463686 ) . Chihuahua: Majalca (Pilares), 28.85°N , 106.3333°W , 2080 m , 12 August 1939 , L.H. Harvey 1485 (CAN, GH, mixed sheet with B. frondosus , MICH-1119267, MO, US-1762718); Cerro Mohinora, 10 mi Sof Guadalupe y Calvo, 26.1°N , 107.06°W , 2300–2500 m , 13 August 1960 , R.M. Straw & M. Forman 2034 (RSA-POM-178217, mixed sheet with B. carinatus var. marginatus ). Distrito Federal: 10 mi SW of México City, [ 19.29°N , 98.95°W ], 9000 ft , 10 August 1947 , F.A. Barkley, B.L. Westlund & J.B. Paxson 572 (F-1405758); Mixcoac, Barranca del Manicomio, 19.3833°N , 99.1833°W , 2280 m , 11 August 1913 , G. Arséne 8801 (F-484987, US-1003469); 10 mi E of Amecameca on road towards Paso de Cortés, in Parque Nacional Izta-Popo, 19.0764°N , 98.71°W , 2840 m , 12 October 2001 , P.M. Peterson & Y. Herrera-Arrieta 16163 (CAN, MO, US ); San Lorenzo, delgacíon de Milpa Alta, 2600 m , 21 March 1976 , A. Ventura A. 1191 (ANSM); Lomas de Mixcoac, 19.3833°N , 99.1833°W , 17 October 1937 , E. Lyonnet & J. Elcoro 1731 (MO, US-1746365); Piedregal, Ajusco-Tlalpan, 19.2833°N , 99.1667°W , 2600 m , 16 July 1950 , E. Matuda 19091 (US-2040915);. Vallede México, Topilojo, 19.2008°N , 99.1428°W , 2500 m , 3 August 1952 , E. Matuda 26199 (US-2119848). Durango: Paraje de Potrillos, entre el Alto de Caballos y el Alto de Potrillos, [ 25.4°N , 106.1°W ], 2500 m , 6 September 1989 , A. Benítez P. 814 (ANSM); along road between El Salto and Durango, [ 24.08°N , 105.15°W ], November 1968 , Stephenson 68-556 (MSC-391573); Predio particular Las Cebollitas, 1 August 1990 , A. Benítez 1715 (ANSM); 14.3 mi Eof La Ventana and 2.7 mi Wof Los Charcos, ATAXONOMIC REVISION OF BROMUS (POACEAE) Phytotaxa 185 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 45 23.0054°N , 104.3234°W , 2875 m , 13 September 2003 , P.M. Peterson & F. Sánchez-Alvarado 17766 (CAN, US). Guanajuato : Mpio. Acambaro, Obrajuelos, Altura, [ 20°N , 100.71°W ], 1850 m , 27 October 1992 , J.J. Macias Cuellar 36 (MEXU). Jalisco : 1–2 mi Eof Tapalpa, 19.94°N , 103.76°W , 2100–2200 m , 30 October 1960 , R. McVaugh 20490 (MICH-1119170); Mpio. Valle de Juáre, Cerro del Tigre, 97 km al NE de Cd. Guzmán, [ 24.76°N , 105°W ], 2700 m , 9 September 1988 , M. Fuentes O. 698 (MICH-1119187); Mpio. Vallede Juáre, 19.5667°N , 103.6°W , 19 September 1980 , A.A. Beetle & R. Guzmán M. M-5370 (SD-122031); 11.7 mi SW of Ciudad Guzmán, 19.5924°N , 103.5372°W , 2165 m , 5 October 2001 , P.M. Peterson & O. Rosales 16081 (CAN, MO, US); 23.5 mi SW of Ciudad Guzmán, El Refugio, NE slopes of Nevado de Colima , 19.5871°N , 103.5972°W , 3345 m , 6 October 2001 , P.M. Peterson & O. Rosales 16095 (CAN, MO, US); 6.3 mi SW of Mazamitla along Hwy. 110 towards Colima , 19.894°N , 103.084°W , 1900 m , 7 October 2001 , P.M. Peterson & O. Rosales 16111 (CAN, MO, US); Parque Nacional Volcán Nevado de Colima , near 2.5 km mark from entrance up road to Observatorio Volcanologico, 19.6252°N , 103.5474°W , 2008 m , 22 September 2005 , P.M. Peterson & F. Sánchez Alvarado 19088 (CAN, MO, US). Estado de México : Toluca, 19.3°N , 99.65°W , 9000 ft , 28 August 1941 , W. & M. Leavenworth 1926 (F-1248973, GH, MICH-1119176, MEXU-155026, MEXU-5884, MO, NY, US-1815927); 2 mi Wof state line and ca. 20 mi SE of México City on Puebla highway, [ 19.33°N , 98.62°W ], 9 September 1965 , F.W. Gould 11621 (MICH-119195); 18 mi Wof Toluca, 19.1083°N , 99.7583°W ], 15 August 1961 , F.W. Gould 9601 (US-2432890); 300 m al Wde Tanango del Aire [ 19.16°N , 98.86°W ], 2350 m , 14 August 1968 , A. Pineda R. 342 (MICH-1119199); 1 mi Wof Avila Camacho, 9200 ft [ 2804 m ], 31 July 1970 , L.H. Harvey 8538 (MICH- 1119242); 27 km SW of Toluca on road to Temaxcaltepic, 19.11°N , 100°W , 2800 m , 9 July 1964 , G. Mick & K. Roe 232 (MICH-1119247, US-2630326); 2 mi above junction of MEX 130 and road to Volcán Nevado de Toluca, [ 19.1083°N , 99.7583°W ], 10400 ft , 22 October 1972 , L.H. Harvey & J.T. Witherspoon 9473 (MICH-1119121); Temascaltepec Dist., Nanchititla, 18.8667°N , 100.4667°W , 10 November 1933 or 11 October 1933 , G.B. Hinton 4984 (GH, US-1867861); 400 m al Wde Tanango del Aire, [ 19.16°N , 98.86°W ], 2350 m , 14 July 1968 , A. Pineda R. 368 (MSC-234697); 10.5 mi Nof Aculco on Hwy. 55 towards San Juan del Río, 20.2247°N , 99.9°W , 2208 m , 8 October 2007 , P.M. Peterson, J.M. Saarela & M.J. Flores Villegas 21322 (CAN, MO, US); 1.7 mi Eof Hwy. 10 along road to Nevado de Toluca, 19.1347°N , 99.8°W , 3688 m , 9 October 2007 , P.M. Peterson, J.M. Saarela & M.J. Flores Villegas 21349 (CAN, MO, US); Mpio. Donato Guerra, a 1.25 km al Nde Las Mesas de San Martín , [ 19.31°N , 100.14°W ], 2672 m , 29 October 1998 , J.A. García Ruíz 6 (MEXU); Campo Experimental de la Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, 2260 m , 1 November 1990 , O. Arana s.n. (ANSM); Amecameca, 8600 ft , August 1904 , O. Kuntze 23667 (NY); Popo Park, 19.0333°N , 98.6333°W , 4–8 August 1910 , A.S. Hitchcock 5964 (US-1009500); 2.8 mi Eof Ocuilán Arteaga near cornfield, 18.9808°N , 99.38°W , 2478 m , 11 October 2007 , P.M. Peterson, J.M. Saarela & M.J. Flores Villegas 21374 (CAN, MO, US). Michoácan : 14 mi Nof Aguililla on road to Dos Aguas, 1570 m , 8 August 1972 , M.F. Denton 2036 (MICH-1119171); at km 56–57 above Quiterio on road from Pátzcuaro to Tacambaro, 19.4°N , 101.5°W , 2700 m , H.E. Moore, Jr., E. Hernández X. & H. Porras H. 5593 (GH, US-1983689); Estacíon Chincua, Reserva de la Biósfera Mariposa Monarca, 19.6792°N , 100.2853°W , 3030 m , 5 August 2000 , Ma. G. Cornejo Enotrio, S.R. Luna & G.I. Manríquez 65 (ANSM, MEXU); 10 km al Sde Indaparapeo, sobre el camino a Las Peras, [ 19.72°N , 100.9181°W ], 2250 m , 23 December 1986 , J. Rzedowski 42310 (ANSM); Mpio. de Queréndaro, alrededores de San José Lagunillas, 2750 m , 24 August 1986 , J. Rzedowski 40468 (ANSM); Mpio. Huaniqueo, NE del pedregal pequeño,. 5 km al Wde Tendeparacua, 2060 m , 22 August 1992 , P. Silva-Sáenz 75 (ANSM); ca. 18 mi Sof Pátzcuaro, 19.31°N , 101.66°W , 2713–2743 m , 20–25 November 1961 , R.M. King & T.R. Soderstrom 5178 (NY, mixed sheet with B. dolichocarpus ); ca. 2 km al Nde AJuno, Cerro La Taza, 2280 m , 2 September 2003 , M.E. Molina 327 (ANSM); Lieux inondes a' l'ouest, vicinity of Morelia, 19.7167°N , 101.1833°W , 1800 m , 7 October 1909 , G. Arséne 3166 (MO, US-1002651); near Zacapú, 19.8167°N , 101.7833°W , 28 September 1946 , E. Hernández-Xolocotzi, J. Ruppert & J. Guevara X-2825 (US-1962215); ca. 15 mi Eof Mil Cumbres on road from Morelia to Toluca, 24 July 1950 , J.R. Reeder, C.G. Reeder & L.N. Goodding 1477 (RSA-POM-253305, US-2473569). Nuevo León : road to La Tinaja from roadside in disturbed area, 23.8873°N , 99.7956°W , 2500 m , 21 September 2002 , P.M. Peterson, J. Valdés-Reyna & M. Sosa Morales 16765a (ANSM, CAN, US); Sierra Infiernillo, Cañón San Francisco, ca. 15 km al NE de Pablillo, 24.55°N , 99.9°W , 1800–1900 m , 4 September 1993 , J. Valdés-Reyna 2321, M.A. Carranza & R. Banda S. (ANSM); Sierra Las Cautivas, 8.7 mi SW of Dulces Nombres and 18.1 mi Eof Zaragoza, 23.9501°N , 99.6473°W , 2385 m , 26 September 2007 , P.M. Peterson & J.M. Saarela 21099 (CAN, MO, US). Oaxaca : 1.2 mi Eof San José del Pacífico on road towards San Sebastián, 16.1698°N , 96.4898°W , 2641 m , 22 September 2008 , P.M. Peterson & J.M. 46 Phytotaxa 185 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press SAARELA ET AL. Saarela 22352 (CAN, US ); 1.5 mi Wof San Juan Chicomezuchitl , 17.3026°N , 96.5016°W , 1535 m , 19 September 2008 , P . M . Peterson & J . M . Saarela 22286 ( CAN , US ) ; 2.7 mi SW of San Angustín Mixtepec on road toward Cieneguilla , 16.2509°N , 96.3507°W , 2560 m , 28 September 2006 , P . M . Peterson & R . Garcia 20244 ( CAN , MO , P-03328784 , US ). Puebla : 5 mi Eof Río Frio , 19.34°N , 98.59°W , 2800 m , 20 July 1953 , J . R . Reeder & C . G . Reeder 1915 ( SD-101483 , US ); Parada Oligui , entre Teziutlán y Tlapacoyan , 3 June 1968 , [ 19.82°N , 97.36°W ], 1850 m , D. García Saucedo 95 ( MICH-1119193 , MSC-234698 ); Mayorazgo , sur l'Atoyac , vicinity of Puebla , 19.033°N , 98.2°W , 2120 m , 18 July 1907 , G . Arséne 1405 ( US-1002644 ) & 1407 ( MO , US-1002658 ); SW slopes of Volcán Citlaltépetl ( Pico de Orizaba ), below Tesmalaquilla , 18.95°N , 97.29°W , 2970 m , 26 September 1962 , D. Ugent & R . Flores-C. 2334 ( RSA-POM-264936 , US-2543174 ). San Luis Potosí : ± 39 km carretera S . L . P . to Rioverde S . L . P ., 22 August 1961 , A . Gómez 190 ( ANSM ); Álvarez , [ 22.0333°N , 100.6167°W ], 23–23 July 1904 , E . Palmer 171 ( NY ) ; 3 mi Nof Los Hornos , along road to Ocurahui , [ 25.6833°N , 108.4833°W ], 6500 ft , 2 October 1970 , D. E . Breedlove & R . F . Thorne 18417 ( RSA-POM-222535 ). Sinaloa : Ocurahui , Sierra Surotato , 6000–7000 ft , 1–10 September 1941 , H . S . Gentry 6380 ( GH , MICH-1119177 , MO , NY ) ; 3 mi Nof Los Ornos , along road to Ocurahui , [ 25.6833°N , 108.4833°W ], 6500 ft , 2 October 1970 , D. E . Breedlove & R . F . Thorne 18417 ( RSA-POM- 222535 ). Tamaulipas : Sierra Las Cautivas , 0.3 mi Wof Dulces Nombres at edge of community, 24.0031°N , 98.81°W , 1984 m , 26 September 2007 , P . M . Peterson & J . M . Saarela 21074 ( CAN , MO , NY , US ); Sierra Las Cautivas , 23.1 mi Wof Ejido Guayabas along road towards Dulces Nombres , 23.9756°N , 99.49°W , 1844 m , 25 September 2007 , P . M . Peterson & J . M . Saarela 21061 ( CAN , US ). Tlaxcala : Mpio. Cuapiaxtla , 2405 m , 24 July 1974 , E . Hernández X. et al. R-79 ( ANSM ); Contadero , 19.4333°N , 98.5167°W , 3 August 1901 , J . N . Rose & R . Hay 5966 ( NY , US-395757 ). Veracruz : Mpio. Altotonga , Nahualaco , 19.76°N , 97.24°W , 1750 m , 24 November 1969 , F . Ventura A . 108 ( MICH-1119202 , MSC-234831 ); Mpio. Calcahualco , 9.5 km by road Wof Escola along Coscomatepec-Escola-Jacal road, 19.1167°N , 97.08°W , 2600 m , 15 November 1981 , M . Nee 23173 (F-1975254, MO , NY ); Orizaba , [ 18.51°N , 97.06°W ], August 1853 , F . Müller 2114 ( NY ); Jalapa , 19.5333°N , 96.9167°W , 1402 m , 2–4 September 1910 , A . S . Hitchcock 6592 ( US-1009524 ) .