A review of Paramaka Savage & Peters, 1992 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) with the description of two new species Author Salles, F. F. Museu de Entomologia, Depto. de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP 36.570 - 900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil Author Domínguez, E. Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical (IBN), CONICET-U. N. T. & Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, 4.000 Tucumán, Argentina Author Mariano, R. Laboratório de Organismos Aquáticos (LOA), Depto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, CEP 45.662 - 900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil Author Boldrini, R. Universidade Federal de Roraima, Campus Paricarana, Centro de Estudos da Biodiversidade (CBio), Laboratório de Entomologia, CEP 69.310 - 000, Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil Author Clavier, S. ONIKHA, PK 9 route degrad Saramaca, - 97310 Kourou, Guyane Author Lima, L. R. C. Universidade Estadual do Piauí, Campus Heróis do Jenipapo, Laboratório de Zoologia, CEP 64.280 - 000, Campo Maior, Piauí, Brazil text Zootaxa 2025 2025-02-24 5590 3 401 421 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5590.3.6 journal article 308395 10.11646/zootaxa.5590.3.6 45d6152c-4e62-4313-9e4d-2f603b64e9f1 1175-5326 14953341 6B3673B7-FD59-4C1C-9018-71F0C04949F1 Paramaka convexa ( Spieth, 1943 ) ( Figures 2B–E ) Thraulus convexus Spieth 1943:10 . Homothraulus convexus ; Traver 1960: 73 ; Hubbard 1982: 265 . Hermanella sp. 2 . Demoulin 1966:12 . Paramaka convexa ; Savage and Domínguez 1992:244 ; Blanco-Belmonte et al. , 2003: 119; Sartori, 2005: 237 ; Domínguez et al. , 2006: 463 ; Shimano et al. , 2011: 250; Domínguez et al. , 2014: 308 ; Costa et al. , 2018: 4 ; Nascimento et al. , 2020: 584 ; Orlando et al. , 2021: 45 ; Salles et al. 2021:157 ; Lima et al. 2023: 2 ; Faria et al. 2023: 5 . Diagnoses. Nymphs: 1) medial projection on distal margin of clypeus absent ( Fig. 2B ); 2) tarsal claw with subapical denticle present; 3) middle and hind femora with dorsal surface with scarce spine-like setae, more restricted to fore and hind margins ( Fig. 2C ); 4) hind tibia with a brownish subapical band covering ¼ of the length of hind tibia; 5) pointed projection of gills variable, but generally present on dorsal lamella of gills III–VI; 6) posterolateral projections present on segments VIII and IX. Male imago: 1) abdominal color pattern contrasting (segments I and VII to X darker, II to VI translucent white) ( Fig. 2D ); 2) base of penis lobe wider than apex ( Fig. 2E ); 3) medial projection of styliger plate curved dorsally (apex inserted between the bases of the penis lobes); 4) telopenis base located at apical 1/2 of penis lobe; 5) telopenis well developed and sclerotized, apex acute and crossing each other medially. Material examined. BRAZIL , AMAPÁ , M.Amapá, Rio Amapá Grande , Cachoeira , 02°09'43"N 50°55'17"W , 3 m alt., 07.viii.2011 ,A. Pes , P. Cruz , A. Fernandes , N. Hamada cols., 5 male imagos ( UFVB ) . BRAZIL , AMAZONAS, Apuí , Rio Juma , 07°11'17"S 59°54'31"W , Pennsylvania light trap , 20.i.2023 , Abadia , Silva e Bezerra cols., 5 male imagos ( UFVB ) ; BRAZIL , MINAS GERAIS , Conselheiro Pena , 19°10'31"S , 41°26'46"W , 07–08.ix.2022 , Viana, A.D.L. , Bonfá, P. , Ataide, A. cols., 28 adults ( UFVB ) ; BRAZIL , MINAS GERAIS , Barra do Cuieté , 19°03'50"S , 41°31'50"W , 06–07.ix.2022 , Viana, A.D.L. , Bonfá, P. , Ataide, A. cols., 2 adults ( UFVB ) ; BRAZIL , MINAS GERAIS , Mathias Lobato , 18°34'24"S , 41°56'52"W , 05–06.ix.2022 , Viana, A.D.L. , Bonfá, P. , Ataide, A. cols., 2 adults ( UFVB ) ; BRAZIL , MINAS GERAIS , Tumiritinga , 18°58'08"S , 41°39'49"W , 07.i.2022 , Viana, A.D.L. , Bonfá, P. , Rodrigues, P. & Rothe-Neves, M. cols., 3 adults ( UFVB ) ; BRAZIL , MINAS GERAIS , Rio Doce , UHE Risoleta Neves , 20°12'29"S , 42°52'35"W , 13.i.2022 , Viana, A.D.L. , Bonfá, P. , Rodrigues, P. & Rothe-Neves, M. cols., 1 adult ( UFVB ) ; BRAZIL , MINAS GERAIS , Tumiritinga ( MG ) , 18°58'08"S , 41°39'49"W , 07.i.2022 , Viana , A,D,L. Bonfá, P ,N. Rodrigues , P,J. Rothe-Neves, M. cols., 1 adult ( UFVB ) ; BRAZIL , ESPIRITO SANTO , Baixo Guandu , 19°37'30"S , 41°01'08"W , 09–10.ix.2022 , Viana, A.D.L. , Bonfá, P. , Ataide, A. cols., 9 adults ( UFVB ) . BRAZIL , PIAUÍ , Castelo do Piauí, Rio Poti , 05°11'17"S 41°42'34"W , 177 m alt., light trap , 12.iii.2016 , L.R.C. Lima col., 1 male imago ( CEHJ ) ; BRAZIL , PIAUÍ , Coivaras , Cachoeira da Campeira , 05°26'12"S 41°37'49"W , 150 m alt., light trap , 04.iii.2017 , L.R.C. Lima and J.A.O. Rodrigues cols., 5 male imagos ( CEHJ ) ; BRAZIL , PIAUÍ , Castelo do Piauí, Riacho Cais , 05°11'45"S 42°15'34"W , 389m alt., light trap , 09.vi.2023 , L.R.C. Lima , A.S. Carvalho , A.P.J. Faria cols., 13 male imagos ( CEHJ ) . FRENCH GUIANA , Sinnamary River , Saut Takari Tanté ( V. Horeau ), 28.x.1992 , 3 nymphs ( MZL ) . Distribution. BRAZIL ( Amapá , Amazonas, Bahia , Maranhão , Mato Grosso , Minas Gerais , Piauí , Roraima , and Tocantins ), FRENCH GUIANA , SURINAME , and VENEZUELA . Comments. Paramaka convexa is the most widespread species of the genus, with records ranging from northern Venezuela to Southeastern Brazil ( Fig. 1 ). The species has also been recorded from several locations in Mato Grosso by Shimano et al. (2011). These records were all based on nymphs, at a time when only two species were known— one with medial projection on the distal margin of the clypeus ( P. antonii ) and another without ( P. convexa ). Soon after that, Mariano (2011) described P. pearljam from Mato Grosso , another species lacking a medial projection, from a locality within the distribution reported by Shimano et al. (2011). Given the incomplete knowledge of the nymphal stage of some species of Paramaka , we are refraining from assigning Shimano’s et al. (2011) records in the distributional map shown in Figure 1 . FIGURE 2. Paramaka spp. , nymph and imago: A) head of P. antonii (paratype); B) head of P. convexa from French Guiana; C) hind leg of P. convexa from French Guiana; D) genitalia of P. convexa from Amazonas, Brazil, ventral view; E) abdomen of male imago of P. convexa from Amapá, Brazil, dorsal view. The male imago can be distinguished from the other species of the genus based on abdominal color pattern and details of genitalia ( Figs.4 and 5 ).As in P.incognita and P.takari sp. nov. ,this species exhibits a contrasting abdominal color pattern, with segment I dark, segments II to VI translucent white, and segments VII to X orangish brown. In P. convexa , however,there is a dark purple stripe at the posterior margin of segments II to IX.Due to the presence of a short posteromedial projection on the styliger plate and the development of the telopenes, P.convexa is similar to P.lucimarae sp. nov. and P.incognita . In P.convexa the base of the telopenis is located at apical 1/2of penis lobe (located at apical ⅔ in P.lucimarae sp. nov. and P.incognita ) and the acute medial projection of the styliger plate is longer dorsally oriented, reaching the base of the penis lobes (medial projection shorter and not curved in P. lucimarae sp. nov. and P.incognita ).