Thirteen new species of Agromyzidae (Diptera) from the United States, with new host and distribution records for 32 additional species
Author
Eiseman, Charles S.
Author
Lonsdale, Owen
0000-0001-7034-3330
onsdale@agr.gc.ca
Author
Linden, John Van Der
0000-0003-2651-0634
johnbvdl@gmail.com
Author
Feldman, Tracy S.
0000-0001-5939-6810
feldmants@sa.edu
Author
Palmer, Michael W.
0000-0003-1452-2152
mike.palmer@okstate.edu
text
Zootaxa
2021
2021-02-17
4931
1
1
68
journal article
7424
10.11646/zootaxa.4931.1.1
d63cab47-63f1-4fdc-9209-26a256c91ccb
1175-5326
4545337
88CF2B0D-E02B-46E1-9F52-1B95F717FC8F
Liriomyza taraxaci
Hering
(
Fig. 79
)
Material examined.
VERMONT
:
Washington
Co.
,
Montpelier
,
North Branch River Park
(
44.283214
,
-72.571026
),
21.vii.2018
, em.
9.viii.2018
,
C.S. Eiseman
&
J.A. Blyth
, ex
Taraxacum officinale
, #
CSE4914
,
CNC1643637
(
1♀
)
;
ONTARIO
:
Renfrew Co
.,
Pembroke
,
Pansy Patch Park
,
45.821464
,
-77.112117
,
7.vii.2018
, em.
20.vii.2018
,
C.S. Eiseman
&
J.A. Blyth
, ex
Taraxacum officinale
, #
CSE4811
,
CNC1643630
(1♁).
Tentatively identified material.
NORTH CAROLINA
:
Scotland Co.
,
Laurinburg
,
St. Andrews University
,
10.iv.2017
, em.
6.v.2018
,
T
.
S. Feldman
, ex
Krigia virginica
, #
CSE4499
,
CNC1144028
(
1♀
)
.
Photographed mines. MARYLAND:
Baltimore City Co., Herring Run Watershed,
19.vi.2017
,
T
. Wilson,
Taraxacum
?
officinale
, BG
1228804;
MINNESOTA:
Fillmore Co., Rushford, Magelssen Bluff Park,
24.vi.2019
, C.S. Eiseman,
Lactuca canadensis
[vacated mines];
NORTH CAROLINA
:
Wake
Co., Lake Crabtree County Park,
9.v.2019
,
T
.S. Feldman,
Krigia dandelion
[vacated mines], BG 1660443.
Hosts.
Asteraceae
: [
Cichorium intybus
L.,
Krigia dandelion
Nutt.,
K.
*
virginica
(L.) Willd.],
Lactuca biennis
(Moench) Fernald
,
L.
canadensis
L.
,
L. sativa
L., [
L. serriola
L.],
Taraxacum officinale
F.H.Wigg. (Eiseman & Lonsdale 2019)
.
Leaf mine.
(
Fig. 79
) The mines on
Krigia
are linear throughout, necessarily contorted in the small leaves, with frass in grains, irregular particles, and short strips along the sides. Mines of
L. taraxaci
s.l.
on
Lactuca
and
Taraxacum
rapidly widen to
form blotches
, and larvae are frequently gregarious on
Lactuca
(
Eiseman & Lonsdale 2018
, 2019).
Puparium.
Yellow to yellow-orange; formed outside the mine.
Phenology and voltinism.
The tentatively identified female was collected as a larva in early April and the adult emerged the following spring. Otherwise, adults we have reared of
Liriomyza taraxaci
s.l.
have emerged 11–25 days after the larval collection dates, indicating the species is at least bivoltine. These have included larvae collected in
North Carolina
on 28 April and 10 June, and in
Massachusetts
on 6 July, 12 July, and 21 August (
Eiseman & Lonsdale 2018
, 2019). In
Alberta
, a larva collected in August apparently emerged as an adult the following spring, unless the error in the reported emergence date was in the month rather than the year (collected
18.viii.1974
, emerged
5.v.1974
, according to
Lonsdale (2017a))
.
Distribution.
USA
: AK, IL, MA, [MD, MN], NC, NY, *VT, WA, [WI];
Canada
: AB, BC, MB, NB, ON, QC, SK, YT; Europe (Eiseman & Lonsdale 2019).
Comments.
The only previous record of an agromyzid from
Krigia
is that of
Ophiomyia beckeri
(Hendel)
, also in
North Carolina
(Eiseman
et al
. 2019). The year-long diapause observed in this rearing of
Liriomyza
cf.
taraxaci
from
Krigia
is highly unusual for
Liriomyza
in our experience. Due to this, along with the entirely linear leaf mines, the rearing of males to confirm the identity of the
Krigia
feeders is desirable.
The
Taraxacum officinale
-reared specimens in collections CSE4811 and CSE4914 reveal previously unappreciated variation in
Liriomyza taraxaci
, as both have a very narrow yellow line along the posterior margin of the scutum. This character will key it to
L. cracentis
in
Lonsdale (2017a)
, but they differ in that the posterior yellow margin is much narrower (almost indistinguishable) and doesn’t narrowly extend anteriorly at two points to touch the bases of the posterior pair of dorsocentrals. Furthermore, the bases of the femora are brown dorsally and the fore femur has brownish streaking, as seen in
L. taraxaci
. We have stated that
L. taraxaci
is a relatively variable species, so this additional small variation is not entirely surprising if it is conspecific. Material discussed in
Lonsdale (2017a)
was re-examined, and this line is present in some specimens collected in Ottawa.