New species and records of heterostigmatic mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Heterostigmata) phoretic on scarabaeid dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from northwestern Iran Author Sobhi, Mohammad Author Hajiqanbar, Hamidreza Author Mortazavi, Azim text Zootaxa 2017 4276 3 427 434 journal article 32852 10.11646/zootaxa.4276.3.7 1fb4f153-ffd3-4a35-8c38-928fd9908878 1175-5326 807016 58D2FF44-1C01-42EA-9545-F1FC3D860881 Pavania khiavensis Sobhi & Hajiqanbar sp. nov. ( Figs. 1 , 2 ) Description. FEMALE (n=5 measured). Length of idiosoma 122 (112–121), width 83 (69–83). Gnathosoma ( Figs. 1 A, B): length of gnathosoma 27 (27–32), width 23 (23–29). Gnathosomal capsule rounded, subquadrangular in dorsal aspect, slightly longer than wide; cheliceral setae ch 1 15 (15–19) and ch 2 8 (9–13) distinctly barbed, ch 1 blunt-ended. Dorsomedian apodeme well developed. Cheliceral stylets 9 (11–11) long, curved and hooked. Subcapitulum with subcapitular setae su 7 (6–10) smooth, located on posterior half. Pharynx invisible. Palpi conspicuous, exceeding apex of gnathosomal capsule, femorogenu with smooth and pointed setae dGe 5 (5–7) and dFe 4 (4–5), tibiotarsus with two solenidia, outer one longer than inner; minute palpcoxal setae pp inserted near to articulation of each palp with gnathosomal capsule. Idiosomal dorsum ( Fig. 1 A): Ovoid in shape. All dorsal shields ornamented with sparse and fairly deep dimples. Posterior margins of dorsal shields without projections, only slightly undulate. Dorsal idiosomal setae barbed and distinctly blunt-ended except setae v 2 which is needle like, sc 2 which is attenuated and h 2 indistinctly barbed in distal half. Prodorsal shield subrectangular, its anterior margin almost curve and posterior margin straight, with setae v 1 15 (16‒16), v 2 5 (5‒7), sc 2 37 (37‒42), trichobothria ( sc 1) present, broken in holotype and paratypes , setae v 1 shorter than distance between their bases, v 2 short and located posterolaterally to v 1. Median shield of tergite C with setae c 1 19 (18‒19) and each lateral shield with seta c 2 22 (22‒23), c 1 approximately 0.8 times longer than c 2. Tergite D with setae d 19 (19‒20) and cupuli ia situated posterior to seta d , seta d and c 1 subequal. Tergite EF with setae e 15 (14‒16), f 19 (18‒19) and 1 pair of cupuli im placed closer to setae e on its inner posterolateral side (not visible in holotype ), setae f longer than e . Tergite H with setae h 1 13 (12‒13) and h 2 51 (49‒55), seta h 2 almost 4 times longer than h 1. Distances between dorsal idiosomal setae: v 1– v 1 21 (21‒24), v 2– v 2 28 (28‒33), v 1– v 2 5 (5‒6), sc 2– sc 2 29 (28‒32), c 1– c 1 20 (21‒23), d–d 38 (37‒41), e–e 39 (35‒41), f–f 27 (26‒30), e–f 10 (9‒11), h 1– h 1 11 (9‒10), h 2– h 2 20 (18‒23), h 1– h 2 7 (3‒7). FIGURE 1. Pavania khiavensis Sobhi & Hajiqanbar sp. nov . , Female: A―idiosomal dorsum, B—idiosomal venter. Idiosomal venter ( Fig. 1 B). Ventral apodemes well developed; apodemes 1 joined with prosternal apodeme; apodemes 2 not reaching to prosternal apodeme; both apodemes 3 and 4 not joined to reduced poststernal apodeme. Coxal field I with setae 1 a 6 (6‒8), 1 b 6 (6‒8), 1 c 6 (6‒8), smooth and needle-like, all these three setae subequal in length. Dorsolateral margins of coxal fields I with spine-like process. Coxal field II with setae 2 a 11 (10‒13), 2 b 6 (5‒7), 2 c 9 (8‒10), setae 2 a almost two times longer than 2 b , setae 2 a smooth and 2 c distinctly barbed. Coxal field III with subequal setae 3 a 8 (8‒10), 3 b 8 (8‒10), 3 c 9 (7‒11), setae 3 c indistinctly barbed. Coxal field IV with setae 4 a 8 (8‒9), 4 b 9 (9‒9), 4 c 8 (7‒8), setae 4 b longer than 4 a and 4 c , smooth and needle-like. Genital plate with setae g 1 3 (4‒4), g 2 3 (3‒4) short, subequal and needle-like. Aggenital plates with weakly barbed seta ag 8 (6‒7) and one small porous area each; pseudanal plate with setae ps 6 (7‒8) indistinctly barbed and blunt-ended. Legs ( Fig. 2 ): Leg I ( Fig. 2 A). Thicker than other legs. setal formula: 4‒2‒6(2)‒11(2). Tarsus with 4 slightly blunt-ended eupathidial setae p’ , p” , ft’ and ft” , rest of setae on leg I seta-like and pointed; seta tc’ subequal with tc” and more than two times longer than pl’ ; solenidion ω1 7 (7‒7) prominent and finger shaped; solenidion ω2 2 (2‒3) somewhat clavate. Tibia with eupathidion k stiff and blunt-ended; solenidion ϕ1 6 (6‒7) finger shaped and longer than ϕ2 3 (3-4) somewhat clavate. Seta d indistinctly barbed and two times as long as femoral seta l” , seta l” distinctly barbed. Trochanter with two spine-like processes. Leg II ( Fig. 2 B). Setal formula: 2‒1‒4(1)‒6(1). Most setae of leg smooth, attenuated and pointed except setae d and v” Ti, l’ Ge and d and v” Fe which are indistinctly barbed; seta pl” shortest on tarsus, solenidion ω 4 (4–4) finger shape; solenidion ϕ 3 (3–3) similar to w; seta l’ on genu blunt-ended and longer than setae d and v” on femur, femoral seta v” blunt ended. Trochanter with two short spine-like processes near each other. Leg III ( Fig. 2 C). Setal formula: 1‒1‒4‒5. Most setae of leg weakly barbed, and pointed except setae v’ Ge and d Fe which are blunt-ended; on the tarsus seta tc’ longer than its segment length; seta d of femur shorter than seta v’ of the genu. Leg IV ( Fig. 2 D). Setal formula: 1‒1‒4‒5. Setae of leg weakly barbed pointed, except seta d Fe which is blunt-ended; on tarsus seta pl” subequal with seta pv’ and longer than its segment length; on tibia, seta l’ longer than d ; seta v’ of genu longer than seta d on the femur. FIGURE 2. Pavania khiavensis Sobhi & Hajiqanbar sp. nov . , Female: A—leg I in dorsal view, B—leg II in dorsal view, Cleg III in dorsal view, D—leg IV in dorsal view. MALE unknown. Type material. Female holotype (slide MS 14052016 -pk1) and 12 paratypes , IRAN , Ardabil Province , forest park in vicinity of Meshgin-shahr , 38.23°N , 47.41°E , under the metanotum of Euoniticellus fulvus (Goeze) ( Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae ) collected in dung pads of cow, 14 May 2016 , coll. M. Sobhi. Other material. About 40 specimens , same data as holotype, stored in ethanol. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the ancient name of Meshgins-hahr in Ardabil province , northwestern Iran . Differential diagnosis. The new species is similar to three species of the fusiformis species group: P. tadjikistanika Sevastianov, 1980 ; P. kamalii Hajiqanbar and Khaustov, 2010 ; and P . fusiformis Lombardini, 1949 , by sharing the presence of trichobothria and setae h 2 four to five times longer than h 1. This new species differs from P. tadjikistanika by the following characters: setae f less than 1.5 times longer than e ; and setae e and h 1 subequal and setae on coxal fields II not subequal (setae e and f subequal, setae e longer than h 1 and setae on coxal fields II subequal in P. tadjikistanika ). The new species differs from P. kamalii by having setae c 1 shorter than c 2, and setae d and f subequal and slightly longer than e (setae c 1 longer than c 2, setae f 1.5 times longer than d and more than two times longer than e in P. kamalii ). It also differs from P . fusiformis by having barbed dorsal idiosomal setae except v 2 and sc 2, and setae f slightly longer than e (all dorsal idiosomal setae weakly barbed and setae f more than two times longer than e ). Remarks. The scarabaeid genus Euoniticellus Janssens, 1953 belongs to the tribe Oniticellini ( Scarabaeidae : Scarabaeinae ) and is one of the dung beetles that buries dung at the ends of tunnels created beneath a dropping, where it is used as adult and larval food ( Philips, 2016 ).