Untangling the waterfall damsels: a review of the Mesoamerican genus Paraphlebia Selys in Hagen, 1861 (Odonata: Thaumatoneuridae) with descriptions of 11 new species
Author
Ortega-Salas, Héctor
0000-0002-5373-4839
hector.ortegasalas@naturalis.nl
Author
González-Soriano, Enrique
0000-0002-4798-7274
esoriano@ib.unam.mx
Author
Jocque, Merlijn
0000-0002-7196-7476
merlijn.jocque@binco.eu
text
Zootaxa
2022
2022-01-11
5089
1
1
66
journal article
53857
10.11646/zootaxa.5089.1.1
67fbf2b0-b944-485d-90b5-976914d338ad
1175-5326
5836060
E12F2B20-A84A-48E2-9C77-B281F1BFC62E
Paraphlebia duodecima
Calvert, 1901
Figs. 5
(head
♂
Bw), 17 (thorax
♂
Bw), 34 (abdomen
♂
), 40–41 (wings
♂
Bw
♂
Hw), 69, 85 (appendages
♂
Bw), 101, 119, 125 (posterior lobe of prothorax
♂
Bw
♀
), 150 (map), 153–154 (habitus
♂
Bw
♂
Hw).
Paraphlebia duodecima
Calvert 1901: 60–61
(
♂
holotype
and
♀
paratype
description;
Guatemala
,
Alta Verapaz
);
Calvert 1913: 238
(description of HW field between CuA and posterior margin);
Kimmins 1970: 197
(type catalogue);
Garrison & von Ellenrieder 2019: 58
(MCZ
paratypes
data);
Ortega-Salas
et al
2020
(IUCN Red List).
Type series.
Holotype
.
GUATEMALA
•
1 ♂
; [
Baja Verapaz
]
, [
San Antonio Purulhá
], “Purula, Vera Paz” [
Purulhá
]; [
15.22°N
,
90.23°W
]; [
1700 m
]; 1879–1880;
G. C. Champion
leg.; [examined,
BMNH
];
NHMUK 013324348
.
Paratypes
.
GUATEMALA
•
1 ♂
; [
Alta Verapaz
]
, [
San Juan Chamelco
], “Sabo” [
Sabob
]; [
15.349°N
,
90.183°W
]; [
880 m
]; 1879–1880;
G. C. Champion
leg.; [examined,
BMNH
]
•
1 ♂
; [
Alta Verapaz
]
, [
San Juan Chamelco
], “Sabo” [
Sabob
]; [
15.349°N
,
90.183°W
]; [
880 m
]; 1879–1880;
G.C. Champion
leg.; [not examined,
MCZ
];
MCZENT12163
.
Other material examined.
GUATEMALA
•
1 ♂
;
Alta Verapaz
,
San Pedro Carchá
,
Tomtem
,
Rancho Lourdes Pino Paraiso
;
15.520°N
,
90.200°W
;
1550 m
;
30 Mar 2002
;
R. González
leg.;
UVGC
• same data but
1 ♂
;
Senahú
,
Sepacuite
; [
15.435°N
,
89.751°W
];
560 m
;
20 Mar 1902
;
R.F. Griggs
leg.;
USNM
• same data but
6 ♂♂
;
Baja Verapaz
, San Antonio
Purulhá
,
Escurridero
200 m
al N del camino. A
3.8 km
al E de la garita municipal de
Purulhá
;
15.245°N
,
90.191°W
;
1700 m
;
21 Jul 2016
;
H. Ortega-Salas
&
C. Raieli
leg.;
IBUNAM
;
IBUNAM
:CNIN: OD23046 to 23051 • same data but
5 ♂♂
;
Riachuela Colorada
,
4 km
SE of Purulhá
; [
15.226°N
,
90.210°W
];
4 Jun 1973
;
T. Donnelly
leg.;
TWD
;
IBUNAM
:CNIN:OD23030 to 23034 • same data but
8 ♂♂
1 ♀
;
San Marcos
,
San Rafael Pie de la Cuesta
,
Refugio del Quetzal
, escurrideros y nacimientos de agua;
14.938°N
,
91.875°W
;
1809.7 m
;
27 Jul 2018
;
H. Ortega-Salas
&
J.A. López-Coyoy
leg.;
IBUNAM
;
IBUNAM
:CNIN:OD23095 to 23103
.
Description of male
Small to large size individuals. Males dimorphic, dark morph characterized by presence of a black tip, the black area small, never covering more than 0.15 of wing length, the hyaline morph has larger pale areas on the body and no black markings on the wings.
Head
. Chiefly black, labrum dark glossy blue, postclypeus turquoise in hyaline wing males with lateral and posterior black spots, pale colouration restricted to anterior border or absent on back-tipped males; frons turquoise in hyaline wing males with pale colouration restricted to lateral edges or absent on back-tipped males; vertex with two pale spots anterolateral to lateral ocelli; occiput with pale occipital bar complete or reduced to one medial and two lateral spots; eyes black in life; antennae scape black or with distal pale ring or pale on the half laterad, pedicel and flagellum black becoming dark brown distally.
Thorax
. Prothorax: chiefly black, anterior lobe with pale dorsomedial spots; middle lobe with lateral narrow pale lines; posterior lobe with lateral pale spots, see
Figs. 101
,
119
for morphology (posterior margin sometimes with a small medial convex section or notch). Pterothorax: chiefly black, with diffuse green metallic reflections over dark colouration on mesepisternum and mesepimeron: see
Fig. 17
(back-tipped male) for colour pattern (on hyaline wing males second pale line four-fifths of the metepisternum width, metepimeron entirely turquoise); sternum pale; legs pale: coxa with medial black spots; femora black on extensor surface and with black ring on distal joint; tibiae with black ring on proximal joint and black lines on distal one-fifth of flexor surface or entirely black; tarsi dark brown to black; claws reddish.
Wings
. Hyaline, with or without an apical black tip, when present, very small, covering less than 0.15 of wing length, never reaching proximal edge of pterostigma; vein that descends from nodus on FW always closer to the first than second post-quadrangular Vx; HW field between CuA and posterior margin with at least one supplementary sector in at least one wing, CuA in HW usually not forked, at most with one supplementary sector. Px: FW 36–43, HW 31–37.
Abdomen
. Chiefly black; S1 with pale lateral or ventrolateral spots; S2 with pale ventrolateral horizontal lines; S3–7 usually with pale basolateral spots; S9–10 and cerci pruinose on dorsum in mature individuals.
Caudal appendages
. Cerci: see
Fig. 69
. Paraprocts: rudimentary, never armed with well-defined upper and lower branches; superior lobe completely absent; inferior lobe in lateral view smoothly rounded.
Measurements. Abdomen: 38–49, FW: 33–42, HW: 32–42.
Description of female
Head
. As in male.
Thorax
. Prothorax: mostly pale; second line wider than in male, covering two-thirds of metepisternum posteriorly to anterior half of its length; see
Fig. 125
for morphology (posterior margin of posterior lobe can be entire); depression mesad to mesostigmal lobe in mesostigmal plate angulated.
Wings
. Hyaline, with a slightly amber tint. Px: FW 37, or 39; Px: FW 35, or 37.
Abdomen
. S1–7 as in male but pale markings more extensive; S8 dorsal pale spot absent; S9 pale dorsal spot mushroom shaped, widened posteriorly; Ovipositor ending beyond tip of cerci.
Measurements. Abdomen: 38, FW: 34.7, HW: 33.8.
Diagnosis
. This species is similar to the sympatric
P. kauil
and the allopatric
P. zoe
and is diagnosed under the latter.
Natural history
. This species is restricted to small streams and seepages in heavily shaded places in mountain cloud forest. In
San Marcos
it was found in waterfall-sprayed walls.
Distribution
. Central
Guatemala
: spread along the central mountain ranges, Sierra de los Chuchumatanes and Sierra de las Minas. It has been collected in
San Marcos
,
Alta Verapaz
and
Baja Verapaz
departments from
560– 1800 m
.a.s.l.
Remarks
. Little known species. To our knowledge, in addition to the
type
series only a few specimens deposited at the FSCA, UNAM and UVG have been collected.