Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA
Author
Calder, Dale R.
text
Zootaxa
2013
2013-05-14
3648
1
1
72
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3648.1.1
journal article
10.11646/zootaxa.3648.1.1
1175-5326
5264362
22089255-436A-4DBB-BD93-1D3C8CF281FE
Aglaophenia latecarinata
Allman, 1877
Fig. 14b
Aglaophenia late-carinata
Allman, 1877: 56
[incorrect original spelling].
Aglaophenia latecarinata
.—
Leloup, 1935: 57
.—
Fraser, 1944: 378
.
Type
locality.
“
Gulf
of
Mexico
...attached to
Gulf
Weed
” (
Allman 1877: 56
)
.
Voucher material.
Off
St.
Lucie Inlet
,
27°10.8’N
,
80°02.5’W
,
21.6 m
,
24.vii.1975
, on algae, one colony, cormoids up to
1.4 cm
high, without gonophores, coll.
T. Askew
,
ROMIZ
B1086
.—
Fort Pierce
,
Fort Pierce Inlet State Park
,
27°28’29.5”N
,
80°17’25.8”W
, on stranded
Sargassum fluitans
,
14.vii.2012
, 28° C, 35‰, collected manually, two colonies, up to
7 mm
high, without gonophores, coll.
D.R. Calder
,
ROMIZ
B3978
.
FIGURE 14. a,
Aglaophenia dubia
: part of a hydrocladium with two hydrothecae, ROMIZ B1125, scale equals 0.10 mm.
b,
Aglaophenia latecarinata
: part of a hydrocladium with two hydrothecae, ROMIZ B1086, scale equals 0.10 mm.
c,
Aglaophenia rhynchocarpa
: part of a hydrocladium with two hydrothecae, ROMIZ B1083, scale equals 0.10 mm.
d,
Aglaophenia trifida
: part of a hydrocladium with three hydrothecae, ROMIZ B1086, scale equals 0.10 mm.
e,
Gymnangium speciosum
: part of a hydrocladium with three hydrothecae, ROMIZ B1131, scale equals 0.20 mm.
f,
Macrorhynchia allmani
: part of a hydrocladium with two hydrothecae, ROMIZ B3982, scale equals 0.10 mm.
g,
Macrorhynchia clarkei
: part of a hydrocladium with two hydrothecae, ROMIZ B1129, scale equals 0.10 mm.
h,
Macrorhynchia clarkei
: a single phylactogonium from a pseudocorbula, ROMIZ B1129, scale equals 0.25 mm.
i,
Macrorhynchia philippina
: part of a hydrocladium with three hydrothecae, ROMIZ B1092. Scale equals 0.10 mm.
Remarks
. Although often reported from hard bottoms,
Aglaophenia latecarinata
Allman, 1877
is also a conspicuous epibiont of the pelagic gulfweed species
Sargassum fluitans
(
Calder 1995
)
. As such it is ubiquitous in the Caribbean Sea (e.g.,
Leloup 1935
;
Van Gemerden-Hoogeveen 1965
),
Gulf
of
Mexico
(e.g.,
Fraser 1944
;
Defenbaugh & Hopkins 1973
),
Florida
Current (e.g.,
Nutting 1895
, as
Aglaophenia minuta
;
Bogle 1975
),
Gulf
Stream (e.g., Burkenroad, in
Parr 1939
, as
A. minuta
;
Rackley 1974
), and Sargasso Sea (e.g.,
Broch 1913
;
Leloup 1937
). Colonies on gulfweed are stunted, as with certain other
Sargassum
associates (
Adams 1960
), and they typically reach only about a centimeter in height on that substrate. While the species tends to be a dominant hydroid on
S. fluitans
, it is much less frequent on
S. natans
, the other holopelagic species of gulfweed in the North Atlantic (
Calder 1995
). Hydroids of
A. latecarinata
are known to occur as well on flotsam such as plastics (
Calder 1997
).
The troubled nomenclature and extensive synonymy of this species have been reviewed elsewhere (
Bogle 1975
;
Calder 1997
;
Ansín Agís
et al
. 2001
). The last group of authors also provided detailed distribution records.
Reported distribution.
Atlantic coast of
Florida
. Hollywood, near Miami (
Leloup 1935
;
Fraser 1944
).
Western Atlantic. New
England
, on pelagic
Sargassum
(
Fraser 1944
)
, to
Brazil
(Oliveira
et al
. submitted), and including
Bermuda
and the Sargasso Sea (
Jäderholm 1896
;
Calder 1993
), the Gulf of Mexico (
Calder & Cairns 2009
), and the Caribbean Sea (
Galea 2010
).
Elsewhere. Warm waters of the eastern Atlantic, Indian Ocean, and western Pacific (
Ansín Agís
et al
. 2001
;
Park 2012
).