Revision of the genus Benthamia A. Rich. (Orchidaceae, Orchidioideae, Habenariinae) Author Hervouet, Jean-Michel Fédération France Orchidées (FFO) and Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Direction générale déléguée aux collections, Herbier national, case postale 39, 57 rue Cuvier 75005 Paris (France) jmhervouet @ free. fr jmhervouet@free.fr Author Descourvières, Pascal France Orchidées (FFO), 27 rue Auguste Blanqui, 94400 Vitry-sur-Seine (France) descourvieres. pascal @ neuf. fr descourvieres.pascal@neuf.fr Author Hermans, Johan , Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW 9 3 AE (United Kingdom) and Core Facility, Botanical Garden, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna (Austria) j. hermans @ kew. org j.hermans@kew.org Author Longou, Ludivine Atelier d'iconographie scientifique, UAR 2047 DoHNÉE, MNHN / CNRS, Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris (France) ludivine. longou @ mnhn. fr ludivine.longou@mnhn.fr text Adansonia 2025 3 2025-07-21 47 11 171 249 https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/adansonia2025v47a11.pdf journal article 313251 10.5252/adansonia2025v47a11 b8e5d9ec-7e27-4bbf-a8a8-6cee2bf7465f 1639-4798 16262489 Cynorkis falcata (Frapp.) Schltr. Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt 33 (2) ( Schlechter 1915: 400 ). — Hemiperis falcata Frapp. , in Cordemoy, Flore de la Réunion : 241 ( Cordemoy 1895 ) . Benthamia longecalceata H.Perrier , Notulae Systematicae 14: 139 ( Perrier 1951 ) . — Type: Madagascar • Sava , Sommet ouest du Marojejy ; alt. 2000 m ; III-IV.1949 ; H. Humbert et al. 23868 ; lectotype: P [ P00094528 ]!, designated by Hermans et al. (2007: 72) ; Cribb & Hermans (2009: 42) , syn. nov. TYPE MATERIAL . — France , La Réunion • sine loc. ; Cordemoy s.n. ; lectotype : MARS [ MARS087655 ]!, designated by Hermans & Cribb (2021: 101) . ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED . — Madagascar • Sava , nordest du Maimborondro au nord du Maroambihy-Lokoho ; alt. 400- 500 m ; III.1949 ; H. Humbert 23388 ; P [ P00094527 ] ! • Sava , mont Beondroka, au Nord de Maroambihy ; 17-22.III.1949 ; H. Humbert 23602 ; P [ P00094525 , P00094526 ]!, G !. NOTES This species was previously known only from La Réunion , but Benthamia longecalceata from Madagascar appears to be a new synonym. Here is a translation of the original Latin description of Benthamia longecalceata by Perrier: “Geophyte, slender, 25-40 cm high, one-leaved. Leaf oval (1.3 × 1-1.5 cm ), shortly ( 5-10 mm ) petiolate, acute-acuminate. Inflorescence slender, peduncle a few sheaths. Rachis dense, 2-4 cm long, 7-10 mm wide, 10- to 20-flowered. Floral bracts acute, narrowly lanceolate, shorter than the pedicellate ovary. Sepals one-veined; dorsal sepal obtusely ovate (2 × 1.5 mm ), lateral sepals subfalciform (3 × 1.8 mm ). Petals obtusely subfalciform, small (2 × 1 mm ), one-veined. Lip elongated ( 2.5 mm ), slipper-shaped, spur pendent, cylindric, the same length as the lip ( 2.5 mm ).” It is highly likely that Jean Bosser also discovered this synonymy but did not publish it. As a matter of fact, he left several notes on the specimens stating that this species was very close to Hemiperis falcata Cordem. of La Réunion and that further dissections should be done. He even filed the two specimens which were not the holotype in the Cynorkis falcata folder in P, where we found them.