World Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera): A Key to Higher- Level Groups
Author
Buffington, Matthew L.
Systematic EntomologyLaboratory, ARS-USDAc / oNational Museumof NaturalHistory, SmithsonianInstitution, 10 th & Constitution Ave NW, Washington, DC 20013, USA,
matt.buffington@usda.gov
Author
Forshage, Mattias
Department of Zoology, Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Box 50007, SE- 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden,
Author
Liljeblad, Johan
Swedish Species Information Centre, PO Box 7007, SE- 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden,
Author
Tang, Chang-Ti
Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, SEH, Suite 6300, 800 22 nd Street, NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA,
Author
Noort, Simon van
Research and Exhibitions Department, South African Museum, Iziko Museums of South Africa, P. O. Box 61, Cape Town 8000, South Africa,
text
Insect Systematics and Diversity
2020
2020-07-01
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4
1
1
69
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixaa003
journal article
10.1093/isd/ixaa003
2399-3421
10833270
Paraulacini
Figs. 214
–216
Species of
Paraulacini
have been reared from galls on
Nothofagus
spp.
in southern
Chile
and
Argentina
. However, it is unclear whether these wasps are gall inducers, inquilines of chalcidoid gall inducers, or parasitoids of chalcidoid gall inducers (
Ronquist et al. 2015
).
Paraulax
was described by
Kieffer (1904)
and was tentatively placed in
Aylacini
(
Dalla Torre and Kieffer 1910
;
Weld 1952
), later in
Cynipini (
Ronquist 1999
)
, then in
Pediaspidini (
Liljeblad et al. 2008
)
.
Nieves-Aldrey et al. (2009)
, based on biology and phylogeny, circumscribed
Paraulacini
to accommodate species in
Paraulax
as well as the new genus
Cecinothofagus
.
Biology. Unknown. Reared from galls on
Nothofagus
trees (
Nothofagaceae
).
Distribution. Southern South America. Relevant literature.
Nieves-Aldrey et al. (2009)
summarizes the group completely.
Plate 12.
Pediaspidini
. Figs. 217 and 218.
Pediaspis aceris
, USNMENT
01231852.
Classification.
Paraulacini
Nieves-Aldrey and Liljeblad, 2009
Cecinothofagus
Nieves-Aldrey and Liljeblad, 2009
; 3 species NT
Paraulax
Kieffer, 1904
; 3 species NT