Revision of the soft scale genus Paralecanium (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) with the introduction of three new genera and twenty new species
Author
Chris J. Hodgson
Author
Douglas J. Williams
text
Zootaxa
2018
2018-07-05
4443
1
1
162
journal article
29741
10.11646/zootaxa.4443.1.1
fb772898-fe24-438e-9a4a-1a98c5b393a8
1175-5326
1305628
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8CF7D069-783C-4D20-8A10-6987529AB4BE
Discochiton papillatum
Hodgson
spec. n.
(
Figs 17
and
18
)
Material examined
.
Holotype f: MALAYSIA:
left label: Malaya / Kuala Lumpur / on
Elaeis
guine / ensis / coll. Ent. Div. /
25/8/31
No. 7895 / I.I.E. 454a; right label:
Paralecanium
[crossed out] /
Discochiton
/
papillatum
/ Hodgson / Holotype f. (BMNH): 1/1adf (fg).
Paratype ff
: left label:
Paralecanium
[crossed out] /
Discochiton
/
papillatum
/ Hodgson / paratype ff; right labels:
Paralecanium
/
expansum Green
, var. / Fed. Malay States / Kuala Lumpur /
18.xi.1926
/ on African oil palm / G.H. Corbett #3531 (BMNH): 3/5adff (g).
Other material.
BRUNEI
, Sinant, on
Piper nigrum
,
20.ix.1978
, Dept. Agric. #1210 (
BMNH
,
CIE
10887): 1/2adff (fp, missing most of venter). Kassim bin Ahmad, on
Annona muricata
, 1971
,
CIE
A4463 #17 (
BMNH
): 1/1adf (g; identified as
P. malainum
). As previous but off
Piper nigrum
,
CIE
A4667 #38 (
BMNH
): 6/12adff (gfg; identified as
Paralecanium
nr.
malainum
Tak
.)).
INDIA
, on leaf of
Coelogyne flardo
[probably
C. flavida
], ii.
v.1977
, intercepted at John F. Kennedy Airport, U.S.A., 25046, A. Leong (USNM): 1/2adff (f-p).
South Andaman,
Port Blair, on oil palm [
E. guineensis
],
26.x.1991
, Prashanth, IIE22158 (BMNH): 1/1ad (fp).
INDONESIA
,
Sumatra
, Lenser National Park, Bukit Lawang, on leaf of a tree,
29.xii.2012
, I. Gavrilov- Zimin (St. Petersburgh): 1/2adff (g) + 2/4adff, not seen, deposited in
St Petersburg
.
MALAYSIA
,
Sarawak
,
on
Piper
sp.,
30.ix.1962
, C.R. Wallace #4392 (BMNH): 1/1adf (fg, young) + 2/3adff (each missing at least half of venter).
Sarawak
, Tai Tong, on
P. nigrum
,
1.xii.60
, C.R. Wallace (BMNH): 2/2adff (f; identified as
P. malainum
Tak
.).
Sarawak
, Tanjong, on
P. nigrum
,
9.xii.60
, C.R. Wallace (BMNH): 2/3adff (f; identified as
P. malainum
Tak
).
Sarawak
, Kuching-Serian Rd.,
P. nigrum
,
25.viii.1962
, C.R. Wallace (BMNH): 2/5adff (f; identified as
P. malainum
Tak
.).
THAILAND
, intercepted at Honolulu 42842, ex
Artocarpus
sp. (
Moraceae
),
13.x.1978
, J. Kunisaki (USNM): 1/1adf (g).
Note. The following description is based the type series.
Slide-mounted adult female.
Body broadly oval. Length 3.4–5.0 mm, width 3.2–4.0 mm.
Dorsum.
Derm rather uniformly sclerotised, with minute pale spots, each 1–3 µm wide, throughout except marginally; with a band of large areolations submarginally, these becoming smaller and more obscure medially. Marginal radial lines absent but their position marked by setae and pores, with 13 between anterior stigmatic clefts, each side with 5 between clefts and 13 on abdomen; with long clear stigmatic rays extending medially from each stigmatic cleft. With 4 or 5 abdominal clear areas, but without a clear area anteriorly near each anterior stigmatic ray. Dorsal setae each spinose with a capitate apex, each 6.0–7.5 µm long, scarse (only 1 located on
holotype
specimen), frequent on other specimens in each marginal radial line but otherwise absent. Preopercular pores, each convex and 2.5 µm wide, present as follows: CA1 & CA2 with 0; CA3 with 0–5, CA
4 7–21
pores. Small simple pores few, present in a very sparse polygonal pattern, perhaps present throughout but most obvious marginally and submarginally, particularly in each marginal radial line; each pore situated in a pale area of derm about 3–7 µm wide. Larger dorsal pores not noted. Papillate dermal extensions (fleshy spines?) in a submedial band, each extension up to 5–10 µm long and about 2 µm wide, generally abundant, particularly on abdomen where band broadest, becoming narrower and papillae fewer more anteriorly; absent submarginally and only a few present medially, possibly in transverse lines and just anterior to anal plates (throughout dorsum on some
Piper
sp. specimens). Anal plates elongate, together narrowly quadrate, with anterior and posterior margins subequal in length; each plate with 3 minute setae near posterior apex plus 1 or 2 small pores medially; length of plates 150– 285 µm, combined width 136–185 µm. Anogenital fold with 2 or 3 minute setae at each corner of anterior margin, each lateral margin with 1 seta at anterior end and another posteriorly.
Margin.
Marginal ornamentation present as groups of short dark, narrow radial lines or corrugations, usually with 4–7 groups between 2 marginal setae. Marginal setae fan-shaped, mostly almost round; width of each fan about 25–43 µm, length 26–33; with about 85–124 setae anteriorly on head between anterior stigmatic clefts; each side with 34–62 between stigmatic clefts and 6 4–103 on abdomen. Stigmatic clefts deep and narrow, each sclerotised along entire inner margin, with 3 elongate, rather narrow, blunt, sometimes slightly bent, stigmatic spines, median spine usually longest, each 35–55 µm long, lateral spines each 28–40 µm long. Eyespots: each socket about 85 µm wide, diameter of lens 30–35 µm.
Venter.
Derm membranous, with a pale marginal band about 35–65 µm wide. Multilocular disc-pores frequent on either side of genital opening and on preceding two segments only, each side with 11–24 on abdominal segment VII, 16–33 on segment VI and 12–24 on segment V. Spiracular disc-pores present in a narrow band mostly 1 pore wide between margin and each spiracle, with 10–17 pores in each anterior band,
5–18 in
each posterior band with a broad area without pores in middle part. Ventral microducts minute, present near labium, very sparse elsewhere. Ventral setae: with 1 or 2 pairs between antennae and with pairs of long pregenital setae on segments VII–V (that on
VII 50
–110 µm long); small setae frequent submarginally in radial lines, otherwise very sparse. Antennae reduced to 3 segments (terminal 4 segments all fused), total length 108–170 µm; scape with 1 or 2 hair-like setae, pedicel with 1 hair-like seta, hair-like setae otherwise absent. Clypeolabral shield 95–105 µm long. Spiracles: width of each peritreme 26–45 µm. Legs entirely absent.
Comments.
Adult female
D. papillatum
spec. n.
are immediately recognisable by the presence of numerous small fleshy dermal papillae which cover much or nearly all of the dorsum; however, the material studied in detail above varied fairly significantly. Some specimens off
Piper
from
Malaysia
(
Sarawak
) differed from the
holotype
in that the fleshy dermal papillae were present more or less throughout the dorsum and these specimens also tended to have more preopercular pores. Also, compared to the
holotype
, some
Sarawak
specimens also tended to have: (i) far fewer marginal setae; (ii) many more preopercular pores, and (iii) smaller anal plates and spiracles. Despite these differences, it is considered that the
Sarawak
material is conspecific with the
holotype
and merely shows regional variation. On the other hand, the specimens from
Brunei
(
Fig. 18
) and some from
Sarawak
tended to have many fewer papillae and the papillae appeared to be rather short, appearing more like a sclerotised ring but with some depth when focussing.
Adult female
D. papillatum
belong to a group of
Discochiton
species that lack leg stubs and have preopercular pores associated with the posterior one or two clear areas only. The other two species which have this combination of character-states are
D. malainum
and
D. sarawakense
, the latter described as new below.
Host-plants.
Piper nigrum
(Piperaceae)
;
Coelogyne flavida
(Orchidaceae)
;
Elaeis guineensis
(Arecaceae)
;
Artocarpus
sp. (
Moraceae
).
Name derivation.
The species name
papillatum
(from the Latin adjective
papillatus -a, -um
, meaning bud or nipple) refers to the numerous short fleshy papillae on the dorsum.