What is a ‘ strong’ synapomorphy? Redescriptions of Murray’s type species and descriptions of new taxa challenge the systematics of Hypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)
Author
Gąsiorek, Piotr
Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Kraków, Poland & Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5 - 7, DK- 1350, Universitetsparken 15, DK- 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
piotr.lukas.gasiorek@gmail.com
Author
Blagden, Brian
Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Kraków, Poland
Author
Morek, Witold
Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Kraków, Poland & Tree of Life Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB 10 1 SA, United Kingdom
Author
Michalczyk, Łukasz
Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Kraków, Poland
text
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
2024
2023-11-14
202
1
1
63
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad151
journal article
306752
10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad151
633db7d2-6b4c-499b-9a20-c9808920d4ec
0024-4082
14243740
044A402-2A0F-4135-9410-7DE081CB11C4Corresponding
Platicrista horribilis
Kaczmarek & Michalczyk, 2003
Material examined:
25 individuals in total (for details, see Supporting Information,
Table S1
).
Amended description:
The OCA not visible under PCM; simple pharyngeal annulation composed of tightly arranged single annuli; pharyngeal apophyses absent (
Fig. 27A
). Large claws of the
Hypsibius
type
(
Fig. 27B–D
). Accessory points divergent from both primary and secondary branches of all claws. Pseudolunulae present, indented only on legs IV. Internal, anterior, and posterior claw bases with delicate indentations (
Fig. 27B–D
). Cuticular bars absent.
Table 7.
Measurements (in micrometres) of selected morphological structures of type series (MY.090 + MY.091 + MY.100 + MY.826) of
Platicrista borneensis
sp. nov.
from Malaysia mounted in Hoyer’s medium.
|
Character
|
N
|
Range
|
Mean
|
SD
|
Holotype
|
|
µm
|
pt
|
µm
|
pt
|
µm
|
pt
|
µm
|
pt
|
| Body length |
8 |
271–346 |
925–1139
|
318 |
1028
|
27 |
80
|
336 |
1139
|
| Buccopharyngeal tube |
| Buccal tube length |
7 |
29.3–33.5 |
– |
30.8 |
– |
1.5 |
– |
29.5 |
– |
| Pharyngeal tube length |
7 |
15.6–26.1 |
53.2–83.9
|
21.8 |
70.7
|
3.6 |
10.1
|
23.5 |
79.7
|
| Buccopharyngeal tube length |
7 |
44.9–58.8 |
153.2–183.9
|
52.7 |
170.7
|
4.7 |
10.1
|
53.0 |
179.7
|
| Buccal/pharyngeal tube length ratio |
7 |
119%–188% |
– |
144% |
– |
23% |
– |
126% |
– |
| Stylet support insertion point |
7 |
23.4–28.0 |
78.7–85.4
|
25.4 |
82.2
|
1.8 |
2.6
|
25.1 |
85.1
|
| Buccal tube external width |
7 |
3.1–4.1 |
10.2–13.6
|
3.7 |
12.1
|
0.4 |
1.0
|
4.0 |
13.6
|
| Buccal tube internal width |
7 |
2.0–2.8 |
6.6–9.2
|
2.5 |
8.0
|
0.3 |
0.8
|
2.7 |
9.2
|
| Placoid lengths |
| Macroplacoid 1 |
7 |
2.5–4.1 |
8.5–12.5
|
3.6 |
11.5
|
0.5 |
1.4
|
3.7 |
12.5
|
| Macroplacoid 2 |
7 |
8.5–12.1 |
29.0–36.1
|
10.2 |
32.9
|
1.4 |
3.0
|
10.0 |
33.9
|
| Macroplacoid row |
7 |
11.7–16.8 |
39.9–50.8
|
14.6 |
47.2
|
1.8 |
4.2
|
14.6 |
49.5
|
| Claw 1 heights |
| External base |
4 |
2.6–3.5 |
8.8–11.9
|
3.0 |
9.8
|
0.4 |
1.8
|
3.5 |
11.9
|
| External primary branch |
4 |
6.7–7.5 |
22.6–25.4
|
7.1 |
24.1
|
0.4 |
1.4
|
7.5 |
25.4
|
| External secondary branch |
4 |
3.9–4.6 |
12.8–14.5
|
4.2 |
13.7
|
0.3 |
0.9
|
4.1 |
13.9
|
| Internal base |
1 |
3.7–3.7 |
11.0–11.0
|
3.7 |
11.0
|
? |
?
|
? |
?
|
| Internal primary branch |
0 |
? |
?
|
? |
?
|
? |
?
|
? |
?
|
| Internal secondary branch |
0 |
? |
?
|
? |
?
|
? |
?
|
? |
?
|
| Claw 2 heights |
| External base |
8 |
2.6–4.5 |
8.9–14.0
|
3.4 |
11.1
|
0.7 |
2.0
|
3.3 |
11.2
|
| External primary branch |
8 |
6.5–9.4 |
22.2–29.5
|
7.9 |
25.7
|
1.0 |
2.9
|
8.7 |
29.5
|
| External secondary branch |
7 |
3.9–5.2 |
13.3–16.1
|
4.6 |
14.7
|
0.5 |
1.1
|
4.6 |
15.6
|
| Internal base |
0 |
? |
?
|
? |
?
|
? |
?
|
? |
?
|
| Internal primary branch |
0 |
? |
?
|
? |
?
|
? |
?
|
? |
?
|
| Internal secondary branch |
0 |
? |
?
|
? |
?
|
? |
?
|
? |
?
|
| Claw 3 heights |
| External base |
7 |
2.6–5.6 |
8.9–17.4
|
3.6 |
12.1
|
1.0 |
3.0
|
3.7 |
12.5
|
| External primary branch |
7 |
6.7–9.4 |
22.9–29.3
|
8.0 |
26.2
|
0.9 |
2.8
|
8.6 |
29.2
|
| External secondary branch |
6 |
3.9–5.2 |
13.3–17.6
|
4.7 |
15.5
|
0.5 |
1.7
|
5.2 |
17.6
|
| Internal base |
1 |
3.3–3.3 |
11.1–11.1
|
3.3 |
11.1
|
? |
?
|
? |
?
|
| Internal primary branch |
0 |
? |
?
|
? |
?
|
? |
?
|
? |
?
|
| Internal secondary branch |
0 |
? |
?
|
? |
?
|
? |
?
|
? |
?
|
| Claw 4 heights |
| Anterior base |
5 |
3.6–4.3 |
10.7–13.4
|
3.9 |
12.5
|
0.3 |
1.1
|
3.8 |
12.9
|
| Anterior primary branch |
0 |
? |
?
|
? |
?
|
? |
?
|
? |
?
|
| Anterior secondary branch |
0 |
? |
?
|
? |
?
|
? |
?
|
? |
?
|
| Posterior base |
3 |
3.6–4.6 |
12.3–14.3
|
4.0 |
13.3
|
0.5 |
1.0
|
3.9 |
13.2
|
| Posterior primary branch |
3 |
8.1–11.3 |
27.6–35.2
|
9.8 |
32.1
|
1.6 |
4.0
|
9.9 |
33.6
|
| Posterior secondary branch |
1 |
4.8–4.8 |
16.4–16.4
|
4.8 |
16.4
|
? |
?
|
? |
? |
Remarks:
The indentation of claw IV bases is not always as well developed as depicted in the original description (
Kaczmarek and Michalczyk 2003
). A more comprehensive morphometric dataset for the species is presented in
Table 9
.