Toward a phylogenetic-based Generic Classification of Neotropical Lecythidaceae- I. Status of Bertholletia, Corythophora, Eschweilera and Lecythis Author Huang, Ya-Yi Author Mori, Scott A. Author Kelly, Lawrence M. text Phytotaxa 2015 2015-03-23 203 2 85 121 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.203.2.1 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.203.2.1 1179-3163 13638671 Lecythis poiteaui clade (72% BS; Figs. 2A , 6 ) This clade is found from central to eastern Amazonia and disjunct in the coastal forests of eastern Brazil ( Huang, 2010 ). It is sister to the L. ollaria clade but the five species recovered in it lack the single coil (character 26, Fig. 6C, D, F, K ) of that clade. None of the coded morphological characters provide synapomorphies for the L. poiteaui clade, but its members possess a long, oblique or geniculate ( Fig. 6G ) instead of an erect style; roundish ( Fig. 6J, P ) instead of longer than broad seeds of the L. chartacea clade (e.g., Fig. 9D, E ); dendritic seed venation ( Fig. 9M–P ); and absent ( Fig. 6J ) or vestigial aril ( Fig. 6P ) versus a more developed basal aril of other clades (characters 47 and 48; Figs. 4G , 5F , 9A, B ). The species of this clade generally have the androecial hood closed (= closed androecium, character 33, Figs. 6D, F, K ) and petals that are tightly pressed against the androecium, presumably to stop entry into the flowers by non-pollinators. In addition the entrance into the apex of androecial hood is yellow, a color that usually directs bees to a pollinator reward. Species of the Lecythis poiteaui clade that are not bee pollinated are Lecythis barnebyi S. A. Mori (1981a: 360) ( Fig. 6A ) and L. poiteaui . These two species are nocturnal and bats have been observed taking nectar from their flowers; thus, they are presumed to be bat-pollinated ( Mori & Prance, 1990 ). These two species also possess similar cuticular papillae on the abaxial leaf blade surface (character 5), a massive number of stamens (character 34; Fig. 6A, B ), open androecia (character 33; Figs. 6A, B ), petals not pressed against the androecium ( Fig. 6A ), and the presence of at least some anthers (or possibly antherodes) on the hood (character 32). Mori (1990b) placed L. brancoensis (R. Knuth 1939: 84 ) S. A. Mori (1981a: 359) , along with the two other bat-pollinated species, in Lecythis sect. Poiteaui , and this relationship was supported by Huang et al . (2011) . In contrast, this study places L. brancoensis in the Lecythis chartacea clade. Thus, if L. brancoensis is found to be bat-pollinated as suggested by Mori (1990b) , our results indicate that bat pollination may have evolved twice in New World Lecythidaceae .