Taxonomy, systematics and biology of the Australian halotolerant wolf spider genus Tetralycosa (Araneae: Lycosidae: Artoriinae)
Author
Framenau, Volker W.
Author
Hudson, Peter
South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia. & Email: Peter. Hudson @ samuseum. sa. gov. au
udson@samuseum.sa.gov.au
text
European Journal of Taxonomy
2017
2017-07-06
335
1
72
journal article
22068
10.5852/ejt.2017.335
f3382433-ea2c-4ec8-b1fe-44320ac0893b
2118-9773
3832422
EFCD2BD0-D70E-4A9B-8EEA-FE86EDC66F57
Tetralycosa floundersi
sp. nov.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
8E26D710-05D2-4A60-A0A4-E1753048B0CB
Figs 18
A–D; 19A–C; 21
Diagnosis
This species is most closely related to
T. alteripa
,
T. baudinettei
sp. nov.
and
T. rebecca
sp. nov.
, but the tegular apophysis in males of
T. floundersi
sp. nov.
is much slimmer than in any of these species and the epigyne of females has a distinct and unique posterior rim that widens laterally.
Etymology
The specific epithet is a patronym in honour of the late Ben Flounders, prominent natural historian in Whyalla (
South Australia
), and who first introduced the junior author (P.H.) to salt lakes.
Type material
Holotype
AUSTRALIA
:
♂
,
Western Australia
,
Lake Moore
,
29°25′44″ S
,
117°47′49″ E
,
10 Mar. 2002
,
P. Hudson
leg. (
SAM NN21900
).
Paratype
AUSTRALIA
:
♀
, data as
holotype
(
SAM
NN21901).
Description
MEASUREMENTS.
♂
holotype
, SAM NN21900 (
♀
paratype
, SAM NN21901): TL 9.31 (9.68), CL 5.36 (4.89), CW 3.95 (3.48). Eyes: AME 0.29 (0.28), ALE 0.24 (0.24), PME 0.67 (0.63), PLE 0.57 (0.57). Row of eyes: AE 1.36 (1.46), PME 1.74 (1.69), PLE 2.40 (2.40). Sternum length/width: 2.26/1.97 (2.16/1.79). Labium (length/width) 0.70/0.74 (0.68/0.76). AL 4.23 (4.61), AW 3.01 (3.67). Legs: Lengths of segments (femur + patella/tibia + metatarsus + tarsus = total length): Pedipalp 2.44+2.72+ – +1.83 = 6.99, I 4.61+4.98+4.61+1.88 = 16.08, II 4.79+4.89+5.26+1.97 = 16.91, III 4.61+4.79+5.73+2.07 = 17.20, IV 5.36+5.55+6.96+2.35 = 20.22 (Pedipalp 1.88+1.97+ – +1.32 = 5.17, I missing, II femur 3.76 (all other segments missing), III 3.57+3.85+4.14+1.79 = 13.35, IV 4.32+4.70+4.98+2.07 = 16.07).
VARIATION. Only known from
holotype
male and
paratype
female.
Male
(based on
holotype
, SAM NN21900)
CARAPACE (
Fig. 18A
). Cephalic area highest in lateral view and steep vertical slopes in frontal view; brown with indistinct broad and light lateral bands; indistinct darker radial pattern; black in eye region; covered with brown setae but with white setae in lateral bands in eye region and few anteriorly of fovea; brown bristles mainly around PME and some posteromedially of PLE; eight long bristles below AE; one long bristle between AME.
EYES. Row of AE shorter than row of PME; row of AE strongly procurved; ocular trapeze wider than long.
CHELICERAE. Light brown; covered with white setae; three promarginal teeth with the median one largest; three widespread retromarginal teeth of similar size.
STERNUM (
Fig. 18B
). Light yellow-brown with dense grey pigmentation; covered with brown setae, which are longer towards margins.
LABIUM. Brown, basally and laterally darker; front end truncate and white. PEDIPALPS (Fig. 19A–B). Tegular apophysis curved, forming a long and thin hook (Fig. 19A); terminal apophysis not dissected as only known from single male.
ABDOMEN. Light yellow-brown, anterior half with dark grey mottled pattern that dissolves laterally; yellow-grey lanceolate heart mark in anterior half; covered with white setae, brown setae in darker areas (
Fig. 18A
). Venter yellow-brown, medially with grey pigmentation. Spinnerets light yellow-brown (
Fig. 18B
).
LEGS. Leg formula IV>III>II>I; coxae and femora dark grey, in particular ventrally; other segments brown and metatarsi and tarsi somewhat darker; hair-like setae on metatarsi II (and few on I). Spination of leg I: femur: three dorsal, two apicoprolateral, four retrolateral; patella: one prolateral, one retrolateral; tibia: three ventral pairs, two prolateral, two retrolateral; metatarsus: three ventral pairs, two prolateral, two retrolateral, one apicoventral, one apicoprolateral, one apicoretrolateral.
Fig. 18.
Tetralycosa
Roewer, 1960
, microscopic photographs showing dorsal and ventral views.
A–B
.
T. floundersi
sp. nov.
, ♂, holotype (SAM NN21900).
C–D
.
T. floundersi
sp. nov.
, ♀, paratype (SAM NN21901).
E–F
.
T. rebecca
sp. nov.
, ♂, holotype (SAM NN21913).
G–H.
T. rebecca
sp. nov.
, ♀, paratype (SAM NN21914). Scale bars: A–H = 2.00 mm.
Female
(based on
paratype
, SAM NN21901)
CARAPACE (
Fig. 18C
). As male, slightly lighter.
EYES. As male.
CHELICERAE. Brown, white setae; dentition as male.
STERNUM AND LABIUM (
Fig. 18D
). As male.
ABDOMEN. As male, but the ventral grey pattern consists only of two longitudinal stripes. Spinnerets yellow-brown (
Fig. 18
C–D).
EPIGYNE. Ventral view (Fig. 19C): wider than long, distinct posterior ridge that widens laterally. Dorsal view: not examined, only known from single female.
LEGS. Leg formula unknown (only legs III and IV complete). Femora and tibiae light brown, dorsally with indistinct grey annulation. Spination of leg I: unknown (legs I missing).
Life history and habitat preferences
The male and female types of
T. floundersi
sp. nov.
were found on the surface of a salt lake in March.
Fig. 19A–C.
Tetralycosa floundersi
sp. nov.
,
♂
,
holotype
(SAM NN21900) and
♀
,
paratype
(SAM NN21901).
A–B
. Left male pedipalp, ventral and retrolateral view.
C
. Female epigyne, ventral view. Scale bar: A–B =
1.55 mm
; C =
0.87 mm
.
Distribution
Only known from Lake Moore in southern
Western Australia
(
Fig. 21
).