Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Author
Vilela, Lucas
Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica, Rua do Matão, 277, ed. Sobre-as-Ondas, 05508 - 090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. & Universidade Anhembi-Morumbi, Escola de Ciências da Saúde, Rua Dr. Almeida Lima, 1134, 03101 - 001, Mooca, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
vilela.lucas@hotmail.com
Author
Lopes, Jenifer De Carvalho
Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica, Rua do Matão, 277, ed. Sobre-as-Ondas, 05508 - 090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
jenifer.clopes@gmail.com
text
European Journal of Taxonomy
2022
2022-07-11
828
75
108
http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
journal article
10.5852/ejt.2022.828.1859
c5427427-07fc-4449-ba86-25f19cd47482
2118-9773
6823766
Hornschuchia bryotrophe
Nees
Figs 1–2
Flora
4 (1): 302 (
Nees 1821
)
.
Type
:
BRAZIL
–
Bahia
• “Ilhéus”, “
Strasse des Capitains Filisberto
” [via
Felisbertia
];
Dec. 1816
;
M
.
A
.
P
. zu
Wied
s.n.
(
34,
Nees von Esenbeck
nr. 34
);
holotype
:
BR
[
BR0000006593025
]!; isotypes:
BR
[
BR0000006593353
]!,
M
[
M0240081
]!,
MEL
[
MEL2123975
]!,
NY
[
NY00008358
]
!.
Heterotypic synonym
Mosenodendron insigne
R.E.Fr.,
Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps Akademiens Handlingar
, ser. 3
34 (5): 8 (
Fries 1900
)
.
Type
:
BRAZIL
–
Bahia
• “
Vittoria
”;
F. Sellow
s.n.
;
holotype
:
B
[
B 10 0243155
]!.
Selected material examined
BRAZIL
–
Bahia
•
“
Gandú
,
Estrada
a
Itamari
”; [
13°43′24.9″ S
,
39°35′13.3″ W
];
22 Dec. 1970
;
T
.
S
.
Santos
1168
;
CEPEC
[
CEPEC00006203
]!,
NY
[
NY00395782
]
! •
“
Guaratinga
, ca 2.5
Km
na estrada
Itabela-Guaratinga
, saindo da BR-101.
Entrada
em estrada de terra à direita, no sentido
Itabela-Guaratinga
”;
16°33′48.2″ S
,
39°45′09.5″ W
; alt.
145 m
;
24 Jan. 2009
;
M
.
Groppo
et al. 1808
;
SPF
! •
“
Ibicaraí
,
Rodovia
BR-415,
40 km
Oeste de Itabuna. Região de Mata Higrográfila Sul Baiana
”; [
14°51′27.7″ S
,
39°31′09.8″ W
]; alt.
300 m
;
S
.
A
.
Mori
s.n. et al.
;
RB
[
RB00042146
]
! •
“
Ilhéus
”;
Jan. 1837
;
B
.
Luschnath
s.n.
;
BR
[
BR0000006592691
]
! •
“Castelnovo” [
Castelo Novo
]; [
14°38′34.6″ S
,
39°12′28.0″ W
];
Riedel
711
;
M
[
M0240082
]
! •
“
Ipiaú
,
Rodovia Ipiaú-Ibirataia
”; [
14°06′21.4″ S
,
39°40′39.8″ W
];
13 Nov. 1971
;
T
.
S
.
Santos
2133
;
CEPEC
[
CEPEC00008059
]!,
NY
[
NY00395783
]
! •
“
Itamaraju
,
Assentamento Pedra Bonita
, aproximadamente 20
Km
da rodovia vicinal de
Itamaraju
sentido
Jucuruçu
”;
16°50′19″ S
,
39°37′53″ W
; alt.
500 m
;
13 Feb. 2007
;
R
.
A
.
X. Borges
769
;
CEPEC
[
CEPEC00116346
]
! •
“
Maraú
,
Rod.
BR 030
, trecho
Ubaitaba
/
Marau
, km 15.
Vegetação
perturbada em
Região de Mata Hidrográfica Sul
baiana.
Folha
SD 24
(14-39c)”; [
14°15′29.0″ S
,
39°12′28.0″ W
];
S
.
A
.
Mori
s.n. et al.
;
RB
[
RB00042161
]
! •
“
Una
,
Reserva Biológica de Una
;
REBIO
de
Una
,
Entrada
no km 46da rodovia
BA001
Ilhéus-Una
”; [
15°06′34.5″S
,
39°00′11.5″ W
];
23 Jan. 2006
;
J
.
L
.
Paixão
661 et al.
;
RB
[
RB00495855
]
! •
“
São Felipe
,
Recôncavo Sul
,
Serra da Capioba
”;
12°47′05.7″ S
,
39°04′06.7″ W
; 1956;
R
.
P
.
Lôrdelo
56-333
;
ALCB
[
ALCB004360
]!. –
Espírito Santo
•
“
Águia Branca
,
Rochedo
,
Trilha do Córrego
, proprietário
Ailton Corteleti
”;
18º57′21″ S
,
40º48′5″ W
; alt.
300–400 m
;
19 Dec. 2007
;
V
.
Demuner
et al. 4816
;
MBML
[
MBML032572
]
! •
“
Águas Claras
,
Escola Agroecológica
”;
18º53′32″ S
,
40º43′48″ W
; alt.
300–500 m
;
1 Feb. 2006
;
L
.
F
.
S
.
Magnago
et al. 531
;
MBML
[
MBML027865
]!,
SPF
! •
“
Aracruz
,
Aldeia Candeias
”; [
19°46′38.6″ S
,
40°12′02.8″ W
];
26 Mar. 1997
;
M
.
A
.
de Assis
et al. 903
;
SPF
! •
“
Comboios
”; [
19°44′40.1″ S
,
40°00′00.7″ W
];
27 Jul. 1992
;
O
.
J
.
Pereira
3692
;
VIES
[
VIES008830
]
! •
“
Picuã
”; [
19°50′31.4″ S
40°19′58.0″ W
];
4 Jun. 2011
;
C
.
L
.
Dalmonech
et al. 50
;
MBML
[
MBML044614
]
! •
“
Cariacica
,
Reserva Biológica Duas Bocas Localidade de Duas Bocas
,
Trilha do Pescador
”;
20°16′44″ S
,
40°28′42″ W
; alt.
135 m
;
20 Oct. 2008
;
P
.
H
.
Labiak
et al. 5000
;
CEPEC
[
CEPEC00129318
]!,
MBM
[
MBML037745
]!,
RB
[
RB00544259
]
! •
“
Guarapari
, estrada ES-477, que liga a BR-101 à rodovia do
Sol
(ES-060),
Ca
de
6 km
da
BR 101
,
Mata
ao lado da estrada, entrada pela
Fazenda Bonanza
”;
20°31′48″ S
,
40°25′12″ W
; alt.
30–50 m
;
17 Feb. 1999
;
R
.
Mello-Silva
et al. 1596
;
CEPEC
[
CEPEC00083584
]!,
MBM
[
MBM
235550
]!,
NY
[
NY01145439
]!,
NY
[
NY01145438
]!,
RB
[
RB00042129
]!,
RB
[
RB00042117
]!,
SPF
! •
“Linhares” (Jaguaré*), “
Barra Seca
,
Fazenda São Carlos
, propriedade do
Sr. Aleixo Barnabé
, ca
1.4 km
E
da
BR 101
”; [
18°59′09.8″ S
,
39°59′24.4″ W
];
20 Feb. 1995
;
J
.
R
.
Pirani
et al. 3579
;
RB
[
RB00042105
]!,
SPF
!,
VIES
[
VIES037620
]
! •
“
Reserva Natural da Companhia Vale do Rio Doce
”;
19.0069° S
,
40.1661° W
;
2 Mar. 2010
;
A
.
Q
.
Lobão
1532
;
SPF
!,
SAMES
[
SAMES00216
]!,
VIES
[
VIES024740
]
! •
“
Marilândia
,
Estrada
não pavimentada para
São Rafael. Mata
de encosta, ao lado direito da estrada”;
19°24′42.5″ S
,
40°28′34.2″ W
; alt.
200 m
;
19 Jan. 2011
;
P
.
Fiaschi
et al. 3478
;
MBML
[
MBML042352
]!,
RB
[
RB00681608
]!,
SPF
! •
“
Montanha
,
Fazenda Luis Siqueira
- distrito da Penha”;
18°8′45.14″ S
,
40°19′1.8″ W
; alt.
140 m
;
15 Nov. 2012
;
A
.
M
.
Assis
et al. 3515
;
MBML
[
MBML047032
]! • (
Governador Lindenberg
*)
Fazenda São Jorge
,
18 km
from church in
Bananal
on paved road from
Bananal
to
Novo
Brazil
, behind house; [
19°14′29.8″ S
,
40°26′41.7″ W
];
21 Apr 1995
;
J
.
A
.
Kallunki
et al. 707
;
NY
[
NY00227611
]!,
SPF
! •
“
Santa Leopoldina
,
Bragança
,
Rancho Chapadão
, proprietário:
João Emilio
”;
20°7′22.8″ S
,
40°32′46.8″ W
; alt.
280–550 m
;
30 Mar. 2006
;
V
.
Demuner
et al. 2101
;
MBML
[
MBML026395
]!,
SPF
! •
“
Sooretama
,
Reserva Biológica de Sooretama. Porção Oeste
, trilha do
Barro Roxo. Floresta de Tabuleiro
”; [
19°01′29.2″ S
,
40°08′05.4″ W
];
18 Jan. 2010
;
A
.
Q
.
Lobão
et al. 1542
;
SAMES
[
SAMES00217
]
! •
“
Vitória
,
Junção
BR-101/ES-060,
Rod.
para
Praia do Sol
, 6
Km
BR-101, 3
Km
ES-060”; [
20°31′19.0″ S
,
40°23′25.2″ W
];
31 Jul. 1991
;
D.
M
.
Johnson
et al. 1847
;
CEPEC
[
CEPEC00064494
]!,
SPF
!. –
Minas Gerais
•
“
Serra do Cipó. Serra do Cipó
”; [
19°20′32.6″ S
43°35′54.1″ W
];
16 Jan. 1951
;
J
.
G
Kuhlmann
et al. s.n.
;
RB
[
RB00042164
]!. –
Pernambuco
•
“
Ipojuca
,
Engenho de Conceição Velha
,
Mata das Três Passagens
, à direita da PE-60, em direção a
Barreiras
, após a tubulação que cruza a estrada para a
Usina Ipojuca
”; [
8°23′31.7″ S
,
35°05′26.3″ W
];
9 Dec. 1997
;
S
.
Tavares
et al. 51
;
NY
[
NY01017923
]!. –
Rio de Janeiro
•
“
Rio de Janeiro
”;
J
.
G
.
Kuhlmann
s.n.
;
RB
[
RB00042140
]
! •
“
Taunay
,
Morro
de mata baixa”; [
22°57′31.6″ S
,
43°16′37.8″ W
];
27 Feb. 1951
;
G
.
A
.
Black
et al. 51-11753
;
IAN
[
IAN069581
]
! •
“Estrada do Tanguá, perto de Rio Bonito. Rio Bonito” (
Cachoeiras de Macacu
*); [
22°39′37.5″ S
,
42°45′10.7″ W
];
26 Feb. 1951
;
J
.
G
Kuhlmann
et al. s.n.
;
RB
[
RB00042134
]!,
RB
[
RB
150900]!,
US
[
US
01346584]
! •
“
Cultivada
no
Jardim Botânico do
Rio
de Janeiro”;
RB
[
RB00042137
]!. –
Locality
unknown
•
C.F.P. von Martius
,
Herb. Fl. Bras.
n. 858
;
M
[
M0240084
]
!.
Additional material examined
BRAZIL
•
V. Demuner
3220
;
MBML
[
MBML09241
]!,
SPF
!
•
V. Demuner
4412
;
MBML
[
MBML032022
]!,
SPF
!
•
J.H.L. El Ottra
131
;
SPF
!
•
D.A. Folli
1699
;
SPF
!
•
2917
;
RB
[
RB00484637
]!,
SPF
!
•
C.N. Fraga
2480
;
CEPEC
[
CEPEC00130062
]!,
MBML
[
MBML038885
]!,
RB
[
RB00557920
]!
•
F.S. Gomes 1539
;
ALCB
[
ALCB049674
]!
•
E. Guimarães
182
;
RB
[
RB00042094
]!
•
J.G. Jardim
262
;
NY
[
NY00395787
]!
•
J.G. Jardim
623
;
CEPEC
[
CEPEC00064214
]!;
J.G. Jardim
8852
;
RB
[
RB00852603
]!,
SPF
!
•
J.A. Kallunki
589
;
K
[
K001191170
]!,
NY
[
NY00395780
]!,
SPF
!
•
J.A. Kallunki
696
;
NY
[
NY00227526
]!,
SPF
!
•
J.G. Kuhlmann
s.n.
;
NY
[
NY00395784
]!
•
J.C. Lopes
111
;
SPF
!
•
J.C. Lopes
151
;
SPF
!
•
P.J.M. Maas
8829
;
MBML
[
MBML009585
]!,
NY
[
NY02699059
]!,
RB
[
RB00484639
]!
•
P.J.M. Maas
9811
;
NY
[
NY02699058
]!,
SPF
!
•
L.F.S. Magnago
489
;
MBML
[
MBML030986
]!
•
L.F.S. Magnago
1646
;
MBML
[
MBML027722
]!,
SPF
!
•
R. Mello-Silva
1174
;
NY
[
NY NY00395781
]!,
NY
[
NY00395777
]!,
RB
[
RB00042117
]!,
SPF
!
•
R. Mello-Silva
3141
;
SPF
!
•
R.F. Monteiro
329
;
RB
[
RB00516860
]!,
SPF
!
•
S.A. Mori
9292
;
CEPEC
[
CEPEC00013256
]!
•
S.A. Mori
9368
;
NY
[
NY00395785
]!
•
S.A. Mori
11348
;
CEPEC
[
CEPEC00015681
]!,
NY
[
NY00395786
]!
•
O.J. Pereira
4019
;
VIES
[
VIES008836
]!
•
O.J. Pereira
2472
;
VIES
[
VIES006348
]!
•
J.R. Pirani
3074
;
K
[
K001191168
]!,
K
[
K001191167
]!,
MBM
[
MBM181229
]!,
NY
[
NY00395778
]!,
SPF
!
•
Without collectorʼs information
;
RB
[
RB00042137
]!
•
C. Rocini
7
;
SPF
!
•
L.A.M. Silva
1555
;
CEPEC
[
CEPEC00029042
]!
•
W.W. Thomas
3720
;
CEPEC
[
CEPEC00090940
]!,
NY
[
NY00684336
]!
•
W.W. Thomas
10742
;
CEPEC
[
CEPEC00064423
]!,
MBM
[
MBM187065
]!,
NY
[
NY00095141
]!
•
W.W. Thomas
11069
;
CEPEC
[
CEPEC00069957
]
! •
W.W. Thomas
12654
;
CEPEC
[
CEPEC00091555
]!.
Description
Shrubs or trees,
0.5–5 m
tall. Leaves chartaceous; petiole
0.5–7 mm
long; lamina 5.6–35 ×
1.9–9.5 cm
, narrowly oblong to elliptic, narrowly obovate to oblanceolate, both surfaces glabrous, base asymmetric, acute to obtuse, apex acuminate to acute, obtuse or rarely emarginate; primary vein impressed adaxially and raised abaxially, 6–22 pairs of secondary veins, commissural veins evident on both sides, impressed adaxially and raised abaxially, angles between primary and secondary veins 50–60°. Inflorescence 6–22-flowered; flagelliflorous, inflorescence branched into axes
12–60 cm
long, running near the soil, rarely trunciflorous, ramiflorous or terminal inflorescence; bracts persistent, 5.5–9(–13) × (1–)1.5–3(–3.5) mm. Flowers with pedicel
1–40 mm
long; flower buds 1–12 ×
1–3 mm
, conical to ellipsoid, densely covered in trichomes. Sepals completely connate, calyx cupuliform, apex truncate, 1–4 ×
1–6 mm
, glabrescent. Petals linear, white, rarely pinkish,
11–19 mm
long, densely covered in trichomes at the base and glabrous to glabrescent towards the apex; stamens 6, 3–6 ×
0.5 mm
; carpels 3, 4–9 ×
0.5 mm
. Monocarps 1–3, fusiform, 1.3–7 ×
0.1–0.9 cm
, glabrous, green in vivo; stipe
3–5 mm
long, calyx caducous. Seeds 2–6, oblong-ellipsoid, 11–20 ×
3.5–6 mm
, brownish, rugose, with aril.
Distribution and habitat
Hornschuchia bryotrophe
has the widest distribution, occurring from the States of
Pernambuco
,
Bahia
,
Espírito Santo
to
Rio de Janeiro
(
Fig. 1
). The species has been collected only once in
Pernambuco State
, close to the coast in the Atlantic Forest (
Bazante & Alves 2021
,
Tavares et al. 51
; NY[NY01017923]). There is a single collection that has been made in Serra do Cipó, Cerrado biome (Mello-Silva
et al.
2012). However, this is the only record in the whole genus outside the Atlantic Forest and it is possible that this was a mistake in the label annotation (Mello-Silva
et al.
2012,
Kuhlmann et al. s.n.
; RB[RB00042164]!).
Hornschuchia bryotrophe
occurs mainly in moist forest, but also in seasonal semideciduous forest (
Fig. 1
). In
Bahia
, it inhabits lowland tropical moist forest (
Gouvêa
et al.
1976
;
Thomas & Barbosa 2008
) that occurs near the coast up to
70 km
inland (
Mori & Silva 1979
). In
Espírito Santo
, it occurs in the northern portion of the state, in tabuleiro (ʻtablelandʼ) forest, a seasonal semideciduous forest (
Peixoto
et al.
2008
).
Phenology
Flowering from January to December and fruiting from December to July.
Conservation status
Least Concern (BGCI & IUCN 2019).
Notes
There are
two type
collections of
Hornschuchia bryotrophe
at BR, for one of them, the
holotype
, Nees von Esenbeck annotated the number 34 ([BR0000006593025],
Moraes
et al.
2016
), the same annotation is also on the isotypes at the M and MEL herbaria. The type localities of both
H. bryotrophe
and
H. myrtillus
, “Strasse des Capitains Filisberto”, known as via Felisbertia, was a road linking Ilhéus with
Minas Gerais
whose construction was ordered and paid for by Marechal Felisberto Caldeira Brant (
Moraes
et al.
2016
). The work of
Gallagher & Moraes (2014)
explains how the specimens collected by Wied in
Brazil
, such as the type collections of
H. bryotrophe
and
H. myrtillus
, arrived in an Australian herbarium, MEL.
Hornschuchia bryotrophe
is one of the species with cauliflory. The development of cauliflory begins in the axil of the leaf. However, it remains active even after the abscission of the spent inflorescence branch due to the presence of dormant buds that repeatedly produce new inflorescences (
Endress 2010
). Cauliflory is classified into different
types
: (i) ramiflory refers to the inflorescence emerging in leafless portions of the branch; (ii) trunciflory to inflorescences borne on the main trunk; (iii) basiflory to inflorescences produced at the base of the trunk that could either be sessile or on perennial brachyblasts (
Mildbraed 1922
). In basiflory, the flower axis may elongate, which is called idiocladanthy (
Mildbraed 1922
). In cases in which the flower-bearing axis in idiocladanthy further elongates, allowing the inflorescence branches to reach the soil and grow along the ground, the term flagelliflory is applied (
Mildbraed 1922
). In such cases, the inflorescence emerges from the base of the trunk in long compound branches close to the soil. In
H. bryotrophe
,
three types
of cauliflory have been observed: flagelliflory, ramiflory and trunciflory. However, the term flagelliflory is also adopted for flowers or inflorescences that are exposed from the canopy of the tree in long rope-like branches associated with bat pollination (Weberling 1989: 233–234).
Fig. 2.
Morphological characters of
Hornschuchia bryotrophe
Nees.
A
. Habit
, showing the cauliflorous inflorescence emerging from the base of the trunk with inflorescence branches highly ramified (
J.C. Lopes 111
, SPF).
B
. Inflorescence branch with floral buds (
J.R. Pirani 3074
, SPF).
C
. Flower
(L.F.S. Magnago 1646
, SPF).
D
. Monocarp (
C. Roccini 7
, SPF). Drawing by Laura Montserrat.
Hornschuchia bryotrophe
is distinct from the other species of the genus by its leaves with an evident commissural vein (
Fig. 2B
).
Hornschuchia bryotrophe
,
H. polyantha
and
H. myrtillus
present flagelliflory (
Fig. 2A
). Nevertheless, in addition to the leaves,
H. bryotrophe
also differs from these species by the conical flower buds with acute apex (
Fig. 2B
) (vs cylindrical with obtuse apex).