Six new species of the spider genus Centroctenus Mello-Leitão from the Neotropical region (Ctenidae, Cteninae)
Author
Brescovit, Antonio D.
0000-0002-1511-5324
antonio. brescovit @ butantan. gov. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1511 - 5324
antonio.brescovit@butantan.gov.br
Author
Torres, Richard A.
0000-0003-1455-1981
richardtorree @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1455 - 1981
richardtorree@gmail.com
Author
Rego, Felipe N. A. A.
0000-0002-3228-6424
Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70910 - 900, Brasília, Brazil. & regofelipe @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3228 - 6424
regofelipe@yahoo.com
Author
Polotow, Daniele
0000-0002-1069-1808
Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva (DEBE), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), campus São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, CEP 13565 - 905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil. & danielepolotow @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1069 - 1808 & antonio. brescovit @ butantan. gov. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1511 - 5324
danielepolotow@gmail.com
text
Zootaxa
2020
2020-11-10
4877
2
311
328
journal article
7926
10.11646/zootaxa.4877.2.5
a0ab8b43-0686-487e-9c83-21e465e60816
1175-5326
4424235
12504BE9-C243-4503-B3D7-BF29CCED821A
Centroctenus coloso
sp. n.
Figures 4
,
5
,
12C
Type material.
Male
holotype
and female
paratype
from
El Paraiso village
(
9°29’6.95”N
,
75°23’54.75”W
,
290 masl
), sample RAT_016,
Colosó
,
Department of Sucre
,
Colombia
,
9/VI/2017
,
R.A Torres
coll., deposited in IBSP 250628
.
Additional material examined
. None.
Note.
Female
paratype
with detached legs IV and abdomen.
Etymology.
The species epithet is a noun in apposition taken from the
type
locality, Colosó, in
Colombia
.
Diagnosis.
Centroctenus coloso
is easily distinguished from other
Centroctenus
by the presence of a dagger-
like RTA, a long and cuneiform median apophysis, as well as a short embolus with a very broad base (
Fig. 4
) in the male palp. The female epigynum resembles those of
Centroctenus miriuma
by the smooth lateral edges (see
Brescovit 1996
: fig. 31), but differs by the narrower and sclerotized median sector, in addition to short and wide lateral lobes (
Figs 5B
).
FIGURE 4
.
Centroctenus coloso
sp. n.
, male IBSP 250628 (A–D). A left male palp, ventral view; B same, detail, ventral view; C same, retrolateral; D same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: A, C−D = 1 mm; B = 0.5 mm.
Description.
Male
(
holotype
).
Carapace orange, thoracic groove brown and eyes borders black. Chelicerae yellowish with gray bands. Labium, endites, and sternum yellow. Legs orange, Abdomen dorsally light gray with anterior border black, and presenting two dorsal median black spots, ventrally black with four rows of white, small spots. Total length 13.8. Carapace 7.1 long and 5.4 wide. Eye diameters: AME 0.14, ALE 0.08, PME 0.18, PLE 0.2. Chelicerae: promargin with 3 teeth, the median almost twice as high as the laterals; retromargin with 4 similar-sized teeth. Leg measurements: I: femur 7.5/ patella 3.1/ tibia 7.7/ metatarsus 7.4/ tarsus 3/ total 28.7; II: 7.2/ 3.1/ 6.4/ 6.5/ 2.6/ 25.8; III: 6.4/ 2.3/ 5.3/ 6.4/ 2.1/ 22.5; IV: 8.4/ 2.8/ 7/ 10.1/ 3/ 31.3. Leg formula: 4123. Leg spination: tibia I-II v2-2-2-2-2, r1-1-1, p1-1-1, III-IV v2-2-2, r1-1-0, p1-1-0; metatarsus I-IV v 2-2-2, r1-1-1, p1-1-1. Palp (
Figs 4
A–D): tibia approximately three times the cymbium length; RTA with large base; cymbium oval, sinuous retrolaterally; tegulum projected posteriorly; embolus short and tin at the tip; median apophysis with long and hyaline base; conductor subdistal, involving distal area of embolus.
Female
(
paratype
).
Coloration as in male, except carapace dorsally yellow, labium and endites brown, abdomen almost cream (
Fig. 5A
). Total length 16.7. Carapace 7.8 long and 6 wide. Eye diameters: AME 0.12, ALE 0.09, PME 0.2, PLE 0.2. Chelicerae: promargin with 3 teeth, the median almost twice as high as the laterals; retromargin with 4 similar-sized teeth. Leg measurements: I: femur 6.4/ patella 3.2/ tibia 5.6/ metatarsus 4.8/ tarsus 1.8/ total 21.8; II: 6.2/ 2.8/ 4.3/ 4.1/ 2.4/ 19.8; III: 5.4/ 2.5/ 4/ 4.4/ 1.8/ 18.1; IV: 6.8/ 2.7/ 5.7/ 7.8/ 2.1/ 25.1. Leg formula: 4123. Leg spination: tibia I-II v2-2-2-2-2, r0, p0, III-IV v2-2-2, r1-1-0, p1-1-0; metatarsus I-II v2-2-2, r1-1-0, p1- 1-0, III-IV v2-2-2, r1-1-1-, p1-1-1. Female genitalia (
Fig. 5B, C
): median sector of epigynum large and shallow; posterior border curved; copulatory ducts long and narrow; spermathecae oval; fertilization ducts elongated, sinuous and basally positioned.
FIGURE 5
.
Centroctenus coloso
sp. n.
, female IBSP 250628. A female abdomen, dorsal view; B epigynum, ventral view; C, female internal genitalia, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD, copulatory ducts; FD, fertilization ducts; LL, lateral lobes; MS, median sector of epigynum; S, spermathecae. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B, C = 0.5 mm.
Natural history.
The
type
series was collected at night hours on the ground covered with leaf litter, at the edge of a stream inside a dry forest at
290 masl
. This collection site is located in the Montes de María y Piojó biogeographic unit (
Hernández
et al.
1992
), which comprises one of the largest and better preserved and tropical dry forests in
Colombia
(
Pizano & García 2014
). The species was collected with other ctenids, such as
Ancylometes bogotensis
Keyserling, 1877
,
Phoneutria boliviensis
(F. O.
Pickard-Cambridge, 1897
)
and
Ctenus
sp.
Distribution.
Known only from the
type
locality (
Fig. 12C
).