Annotated Checklist of California Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera) Author Zuparko, Robert L. text Zootaxa 2015 4017 1 1 126 journal article 39938 10.11646/zootaxa.4017.1.1 086efdb4-44cf-4c0b-a796-1eb81f2cdd24 1175-5326 245475 BBFC3D93-6A7E-4862-84EF-021ADE2F4B3A Hexacnemus Timberlake 1926 Hosts. Neuroptera : Hemerobiidae armitagei Timberlake 1926 : 15 Type . USNM Distribution. N (Lake, Ventura) Host/habitat. Sympherobius californicus , S . sp. Remarks. Gordh (1979) noted that H . armitagei has also been reported to parasitize mealybugs on citrus, probably based on a specimen from Florida (USNM) that has “Mealybug, citrus” on the collecting label. Sympherobius is predacious on mealybugs, and I suspect this is a mistaken host record, and the true host was an unrecognized hemerobiid. Noyes (2001) reported that a record of the genus from South America (where it putatively attacked Aleurothrixus floccosus and Planococcus citri ) was in error. In fact, Parker et al. (1953) reported an Argentinean Hexacnemus sp. “ex material” of these two species, noting that the parasites were reared “in grosso modo” from lots of material, and that the precise role of the parasite is not available. I have seen a male specimen (USNM) of this parasitoid from Argentina , and it is definitely a Hexacnemus species, although I am unable to determine if it is conspecific with H . armitagei . Additionally, the USNM has a female and male Hexacnemus sp., reared in association with nymphs of Phenacoccus gossypii , apparently from Columbia (CIAT- Palmira), that appear to represent an undescribed species of this genus.