Phylogenetic relationships of family groups in Pentatomoidea based on morphology and DNA sequences (Insecta: Heteroptera)
Author
Grazia, Jocelia
Department of Zoology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
jocelia@ufrgs.br
Author
Schuh, Randall T.
Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
Author
Wheeler, Ward C.
Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
text
Cladistics
2008
2008-11-21
24
932
976
journal article
10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00224.x
e89a8dfa-e923-4a01-97f4-4edd4a0b8db0
3968591
UROSTYLIDIDAE Dallas
, sensu stricto
Historical:
The systematic position of this family has been ambiguous over time, as was stressed by
Schuh and Slater (1995)
.
Singh-Pruthi (1925)
related it
to the
Acanthosomatidae
.
Yang (1938a
,b,
1939
) and
Pendergrast (1957)
related it to the
Pyrrhocoridae
, and
Miyamoto (1961)
to the
Pentatomidae
.
Kumar (1971)
believed that the group represented an early divergence from the other pentatomomorphans, possibly together with the
Pyrrhocoridae
, with which they share uniquely the fused 2nd valvifers that form an M- or W-shaped sclerite. As
Gapud (1991)
did not provide an illustration of what he considered as separate 2nd valvifers, we conclude that he erroneously interpreted the 2nd valvifers in the species of
Urostylididae
that he studied.
Berger et al. (2001)
proposed the emended spelling
Urostylididae
, in order to remove the homonymy between the heteropteran family name and
Urostylidae Bütschli
(Ciliophora, Hypotrichia).
Analytical result:
The treatment of the
Urostylididae
as the basal grouping within the
Pentatomoidea
by
Gapud (1991)
is a position supported by our morphological analyses (
Figs 42–44
) and combined analyses under an unweighted equal costs regime (
Figs 51
and
53
). Under unequal costs,
Urochela
is dissociated from
Urostylus
and moved up to a more central position within the pentatomoid cladogram. Characters supporting the treatment of the
Urostylididae
sensu strico
as the sister group of all remaining
Pentatomoidea
are listed below in the Conclusions. The monophyly of the
Urostylididae
sensu strico
is
recognized in our analysis by the presence of a stridulitrum on A
1 in
the hind wing (
221
) and the presence of bristles on the claws (
311
). Additionally, gonocoxites 9 (in females) form an Mor W-shaped
sclerite (
465
;
Fig. 28
), which we suggest argues for its treatment at the family level.