A New Species of Mucuna (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae-Phaseoleae) from Costa Rica and Panama
Author
Moura, Tânia M.
Author
Zamora, Nelson A.
Author
Torke, Benjamin M.
Author
Mansano, Vidal De F.
Author
Tozzi, Ana Maria G. A.
text
Phytotaxa
2012
2012-07-17
60
1
1
8
http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.60.1.1
journal article
10.11646/phytotaxa.60.1.1
1179-3163
5061529
Mucuna monticola
N. Zamora, T. M. Moura & A. M. G. Azevedo
,
sp. nov.
(
Figs. 1–3
)
Lianas; abaxial surface of leaflets strigose; peduncle of inflorescence
0.3–1 m
long; flowers
3.5–4.5 cm
long, corolla cream-white, greenish-white or greenish-yellow. Fruits 15–24 × 4–4.5(–6) cm, stipitate, reticulate-ridged by longitudinal and transverse lamellae;.seeds rounded or subquadrangular, black; hilum nearly as long as seed.
Type:—
PANAMA
.
Chiriqui
:
Finca Lérida to Peña Blanca,
1750–2000 m
,
09 July 1940
(fl, fr),
Woodson Jr.
&
Schery
324
(
holotype
GH
!; isotypes
MO
!,
US
!)
.
Lianas; young branches sparsely strigose. Leaves alternate, 3-foliolate; stipules ca. 3 ×
1 mm
, triangular, strigose; pulvinus cylindrical, 0.5–1 ×
0.3 cm
, strigose; petiole
6.5–10.5 cm
long, angular, sparsely strigose; rachis
1.5–2.5 cm
long, angular, sparsely strigose; stipels absent; petiolules
0.5–1 cm
long, angular, strigose; blades ovate to elliptic, occasionally obovate, that of the apical leaflet 9–17 ×
4.5–8 cm
, those of the lateral leaflets 9–12 ×
4–6 cm
, asymmetrical, all blades acute or rounded at base, acuminate or cuspidate at apex (acumen
1–1.5 cm
), thinly strigulose adaxially, more densely or sparse strigulose to glabrescent or glabrous abaxially, venation eucamptodromous, secondary veins 4–6-paired. Inflorescence terminal, pseudo-racemose, pendent, with 15–20 flowers; peduncle
0.3–1 m
long, strigulose; axis
3–5 cm
long, densely strigose, the nodes spiral, the internodes
0.3–0.9 cm
long; bracts caducous; pedicels
4–7 cm
long, 2–3-fasciculate from each node, fairly densely strigose or pilose; bracteoles caducous; flowers
3.5–4.5 cm
long. Calyx campanulate, greenish-brown, with long and appressed hairs on both surfaces,
2–2.7 cm
long; lobes 4, the adaxial lobe 1.1–1.3 ×
0.4 cm
, formed by two entirely connate sepals, apex acute, the lateral and abaxial lobes 0.5 ×
0.3 cm
, apex obtuse. Corolla pentamerous, reportedly cream-white, greenish-white or greenish-yellow; standard
2.5–3 cm
long, broadly elliptic, basally attenuate, apically rounded, the claw ca.
0.2 cm
long, glabrous; wing petals 2–2.5 ×
0.5–0.7 cm
, oblong-obovate, basally attenuate, apically obtuse, pubescent at base, the claw ca.
0.1 cm
; keel petals 3.5–4.5 ×
1.5–2 cm
, oblong, attenuate at base, obtuse at apex, pubescent at base, the claw ca.
0.1 cm
. Stamens 10, diadelphous, with nine stamens fused at basal 85% of filament length, one free; filaments
3.5–4.5 cm
long, glabrous; anthers ovate to oblong-elliptic in outline, basifixed,
0.3 cm
long, the connective tomentose. Gynoecium composed of a single carpel,
3.5–4.5 cm
long; ovary sessile, oblong in outline, 0.8–1 ×
0.2 cm
, densely sericeous, 4–6-ovulate; style
3–4 cm
long, densely sericeous, glabrescent at apex, stigma peltate, vilous. Fruits indehiscent, woody, stipitate, conspicuously hispid pubescent, with long reddish brown stout stinging hairs; stipe ca.
2.5 cm
long; body 15–24 × 4–4.5(–6) cm, oblong in outline, laterally compressed, attenuate at base, acuminate at apex, the surface prominently reticulate-ridged, with both transverse and longitudinal ridges, both surface and margin with conspicuous irregular
5–10 mm
high lamellae, not constricted between the seeds. Seeds 2–5, ca. 3.7 ×
3 cm
, rounded or subquadrangular, black; hilum nearly as long as seed.
FIGURE 1.
Mucuna monticola
. A: branchlet with leaf and inflorescence; B: flower; C: standard; D: wings; E: keel; F: androecium; G: gynoecium; H: opened calyx; I: calyx, lateral view; J: fruit. From
Dwyer & Lallathin 8738
(GH), drawn by Ana Lucia Souza.
Distribution and ecology:—
Mucuna monticola
is better known, as is shown by the number of studied collections, from the main Cordilleras of
Costa Rica
and western
Panama
, especially in the
Chiriqui
area (
Fig. 2
), where it occurs in humid premontane and cloud forest, usually near water courses. The majority of the collections are from (900–)1000–2000(–2400) m elevation, but few collections were also found at some lower elevations, such as
450–
700 m
.
FIGURE 2.
Geographical distribution of
Mucuna monticola
. Map created using BRAHMS 6.9 via Diva GIS.
Phenology:
—Flowering and fruiting material has been collected throughout the year.
Etymology:
—The specific epithet refers to the montane habitat with which the species is most often associated.
Additional specimens examined (
paratypes
):
—
COSTA RICA
.
Guanacaste
:
Cordillera de Tilarán
,
1 km
al
N
de
Las Nubes de Río Chiquito
,
Zona Monteverde
,
Atlantic
slope rain forest,
10°22’N
,
84°51’W
,
1300 m
,
4 September 1988
(fr),
Haber
&
Zuchowski
8670
(
MO
,
INB
)
;
10 km
NW
Monteverde
,
2 km
N
Las Nubes
,
Atlantic
slope, forest remnant on north facing side of steep hill,
10° 22’ N
,
84° 51’ W
,
1050–1320 m
,
30 April 1989
(fl),
Haber
&
Zuchowski
9231
(
CR
)
.
Puntarenas
:
Monteverde
,
Sierra de Tilarán
,
4500 ft.
,
March 1959
(fl),
Palmer
119 (
CR
)
; vicinity of
Santa Elena
,
1600 m
,
28 April 1980
(fr, fl),
Meerow
et al. 1035
(
CR
)
;
Reserva de Monteverde
,
Centro Científico Tropical
, en árboles de bosque, cerca
de la Reserva
,
1520–1560 m
,
28 October 1976
(fl, fr),
Dryer
892 (
CR
)
,
17 June 1977
(fl),
Dryer
1469
(
CR
)
;
Cordillera de Talamanca
, area around
Río Canasta
, 9.5 airline km
NW of Agua Caliente
, between
Cerro Frantzius
and
Cerro Pittier
,
1500–1600 m
,
09°02’N
,
82°59’W
,
6 September 1984
(fr),
Davidse
et al. 28421
(
CR
,
MO
)
;
Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve
,
Pacific
slope, lower montane wet forest,
10°20´N
,
84°50’W
,
1400 m
,
22 April 1986
(fl),
Haber
et al. 4665
(
MO
)
;
Monteverde
, lower montane forest,
1400 m
,
14 July 1990
(str),
Gentry
et al. 71669
(
MO
)
;
Cantón de Puntarenas
,
Finca Buen Amigo
,
10°16’20” N
,
84°49’30” W
,
1100 m
,
16 April 1993
(fl),
Fuentes
297
(
MO
,
INB
)
;
Coto Brus
,
Reserva de la Biosfera la Amistad
, cerca
Estación Las Alturas de Cotón
,
08° 57’ 00.3” N
,
82° 49’ 56.8” W
,
1650 m
,
9 July 1994
(fr),
Kress
&
Patterson
94-4417
(
CR
)
;
Cantón de Coto Brus
,
Parque Internacional La Amistad
,
Cordillera de Talamanca
,
Estación Pittier
poteros alrededor de la estación,
09°01’30” N
,
82° 57’ 40” W
,
1680 m
,
12 June 1995
(fr),
Villalobos
201
(
INB
,
MO
)
;
Parque Internacional La Amistad
,
Estación Pittier
,
Sendero Altamira
,
Río Canasta
,
09°01’30”N
,
82°57’40” W
,
1680 m
,
28 January 1995
(fl),
Fletes
18
(
INB
,
MO
)
;
Cantón de Coto Brus
,
Parque Internacional La Amistad
,
Estación Pittier
, Sendero
Río Gemelo
,
09° 01’ 30” N
,
82° 57’ 40” W
,
1845 m
,
19 January 1995
(immat fr),
Azofeifa
9
(
INB
)
;
Cantón de Buenos Aires
,
Cuenca Térraba-Sierpe
,
Puesto Tres Colinas
,
Camino
al
Puesto
a
200 m
de la Escuela
,
09°06’45” N
,
83°04’05” W
,
1750 m
,
16 September 1996
,
Gamboa
&
Picado
607
(
INB
,
MO
)
;
Pitahaya
,
Arancibia Norte
,
Rincón
, cabeceras del
río Aranjuez
, orillas de la quebrada
Socorrro
,
10° 15’ 10” N
,
84° 41’ 20” W
,
1250 m
,
27 May 1996
(fr),
Kuss
90
(
CR
)
;
Coto Brus
,
Zona Protectora Las Tablas
,
Cuenca Térraba-Sierpe
, alrededores
de la Estación
,
08° 55’ 23.2640” N
,
82° 47’ 45.7540” W
,
1540 m
,
11 December 1997
(fl),
Gamboa 2034
(
INB
)
;
Monteverde
,
Cuencas del Lagarto
y
Guacimal
,
San Luis
, camino
Real
trail,
10° 16’ 54.0540” N
,
84° 48’ 22.3650” W
,
1000–1100 m
,
22 May 2002
(fr),
Landrum
10431
(
INB
)
;
Buenos Aires
,
Cuenca Térraba Sierpe
,
Altamira
,
Finca
ASOPROLA,
09° 00’ 31.9353” N
,
83° 00’ 21.3540” W
,
1100 m
,
22 February 2006
(ster),
González
et al. 434
(
INB
)
;
Buenos Aires
,
Parque Internacional La Amistad
,
Cuenca Térraba Sierpe
,
Sabanas Esperanza
,
09° 04’ 33.0000” N
,
83° 01’ 55.0000” W
,
1600–1900 m
,
31 May 2006
(fr),
Solano
et al. 3198
(
INB
)
;
Buenos Aires
,
Parque Nacional La Amistad
,
Cuenca
Térraba-
Sierpe
,
09° 06’ 51.4000” N
,
83° 04’ 59.1000” W
,
1642 m
,
3 March 2010
(fr),
Vargas
&
Villalobos
4007
(
INB
)
.
Alajuela
:
Zarcero
,
upper Pacific
tropical zone,
4500 ft.
,
16 January 1938
(ster),
Smith
139
(
MO
)
;
Ojo de Agua
,
28 July 1940
(fl),
Vargas
1
(
CR
)
;
Upper
drainage of the
Río Peñas Blancas
below the
Monteverde Cloud Forest Nature Reserve
,
09° 17’ N
, 84° 86’W,
1250–1350 m
,
25–26 February 1977
(fl),
Burger
et al
.
10793
(
CR
)
;
along
Highway
15
between Naranjo and Quesada
,
3.2 miles
of
Zapote
,
3 February 1979
(fl, fr),
Croat
46911
(
CR
,
MO
)
;
Bajos de Jamaical
,
Reserva de San Ramón
,
700–1000 m
,
10 May 1985
(ster),
Chacón
1794
(
CR
)
;
Cantón de San Ramón
,
Reserva Florestal San Ramón
,
Cordillera de Tilarán
, Estación
Río San Lorenzo
,
Sendero El Saíno
,
10° 55’ 00” N
,
84° 36’ 25” W
,
1000–1100 m
,
29 April 1993
(fr),
Reyes
et al. 133
(
CR
,
INB
)
;
San Ramón
,
Cordillera de Tilarán
,
Estación San Lorenzo
,
Sendero Volcán Muerto
,
10° 13’ 45.0000” N
,
84° 35’ 25.0004” W
,
1000 m
,
28 April 1993
(fl),
Fuentes
308
(
INB
)
;
Reserva Biológica
Monteverde
,
Río Peñas Blancas
,
Refugio Alemán
,
10° 18’ N
,
84° 45’ W
,
900 m
,
20 Marzo 1990
(fl),
Bello
2015
(
CR
,
INB
)
;
Cantón de Upala
,
Parque Nacional Guanacaste
,
Cordillera de Guanacaste
,
Estación San Ramón
,
Dos Ríos de Upala
,
Sendero el Níspero
,
10°52’50” N
,
85°24’05” W
,
550 m
,
31 January 1995
(fr),
Chavarría
1214
(
CR
,
INB
,
MO
)
;
Naranjo
Zona Protectorada El Chayote,
Cuenca del Barranca
,
Toro Amarillo
, camino de tierra entre
Robles
y carretera que lleva a
Bajos del Toro
,
10° 10’ 50” N
,
84° 20’ 40.0001” W
,
2100 m
,
17 August 2000
(ster),
Rodríguez
et al. 6218.1
(
CR
,
INB
)
;
San Ramón
,
Los Ángeles
,
Reserva de San Ramón
,
10°13’ N
,
84°35’ W
,
800–900 m
,
16 February 2006
(fl),
Acosta
4037
(
INB
)
;
Cuenca del Tárcoles
,
Bosque del Niño
,
Sendero Pinares
,
10° 08’ 40.0000” N
,
84° 15’ 01.0000” W
,
1700 m
,
30 March 2006
(immat fr),
Vargas
&
Villalobos
1232
(
INB
)
.
Heredia
:
Vicinity of Vara Blanca
, north of
Central Cordillera
,
between Poás and Barva
volcanoes,
1680 m
,
March 1938
(fl),
Skutch
3723
(
GH
,
K
,
MO
,
US
)
;
a few miles downhill from
Vara Blanca
on the
Pacific
side,
2 September 1970
(fl, fr),
Janzen
113
(
MO
)
;
along the
Río Clara Valley
(
Bajo La Hondura
) below
La Palma
northeast of
San Jeronimo
,
10°03’ N
,
83°58’ W
,
1000–1200 m
,
23 October 1975
(fr),
Burger
et al. 9381
(
MO
)
;
Río Bajo La Hondura
,
Parque Braulio Carrillo
, a
25 km
al
N
de San José
,
1120 m
,
23 January 1983
(fr),
Sousa
et al. 12675
(
MO
)
;
Acosta, Palmichal
,
San Pablo
,
09° 50’ 32” N
,
84° 10’ 21” W
,
1450 m
,
18 June 2004
(fr
),
Quesada
1445
(
CR
)
;
Cordillera Volcánica Central
,
Cuenca del Sarapiquí
,
Albergue
ALAS-
1500 m
, en
Finca de Oscar Murillo
,
10° 13’ 45.0000” N
, 84° 07’ 0000”
W
,
1539 m
,
8 April 2005
(fl),
Soto
&
González
741
(
INB
)
;
same locality,
12 April 2005
(fl),
Santamaría
&
Solano
1622
(
INB
)
;
same locality,
13 April 2005
(fl),
Solano
&
Santamaría
2199
(
INB
)
.
San José
:
Río Claro valley
(
Río La Hondura
drainage) below
La Palma
northeast of
San Jeronimo.
10° 3’ N
,
83° 58’ W
,
19 November 1969
(fl),
Burger
&
Liesner
6281
(
CR
,
MO
,
US
)
;
a la vera de las quebradas innominadas
entre Las Nubes y Cascajal de Coronado
,
1700–1900 m
,
14 June 1980
(fl),
Gómez-Laurito
5483
(
CR
)
;
Cerros de Escazú
,
Cedral
,
Falda
noreste del
Alto Hierba Buena
,
09°50’39” N
,
84°06’46” W
,
31 July 1991
(fr),
Morales
105
(
CR
,
INB
,
MO
)
;
Cantón
de
Acosta, Fila Bustamante Hda. Tiquires
,
Los Arayales
, al
S
. del
Río Tiquires
,
09°42’55” N
,
84°11’55” W
,
1400 m
,
4 June 1995
(fr),
Morales
4336
(
MO
,
INB
)
;
Cantón de Aserrí
,
Cuenca Pirris-Damas
,
Cerros Caraigres
,
Falda Quebrada Concha
en el camino viejo a
Bijagual
,
09°42’12” N
,
84°07’51” W
,
1000–1600 m
,
8 December 1996
(fr),
Morales
5903
(
INB
,
MO
)
;
Tarrazú
,
Cerro Pito
,
9° 35’ 30”N
,
84° 04’ 10” W
,
1300–1400 m
,
8 July 1997
(fr),
Valverde
et al. 78
(
CR
)
;
Pérez Zeledón
,
Parque Nacional Chirripó
,
Cuenca Térraba-Sierpe
, Sendero
Río Talari
,
09° 26’ 19.1085” N
,
83° 32’ 44.0221” W
,
2400 m
,
6 April 2000
(fl, fr),
Alfaro
et al 3026
(
INB
)
;
Acosta, Zona Protectorada Caraigres, Cuenca
del
Pirris-Damas
,
Acosta-Tiquires
, falda
S
del
Alto Reflis
,
09° 43’ 45.0000” N
,
84° 11’ 00.0000” W
,
1400–1650 m
,
6 April 2005
(fr),
Morales
&
Santamaría
12535
(
INB
)
;
Dota
,
Los Santos
,
Cuenca del Savegre
,
09° 33’ 09.1314” N
,
83° 51’ 42.5378” W
,
1650 m
,
10 June 2005
(fr),
González
et al. 338
(
INB
)
;
Tarrazú
, cuenca del
Río Naranjo
y
Paquita
, ca.
17 km
suroeste de
San Marcos de Tarrazú
por el camino a
Cerro Cura
,
09° 36’ 27.0000” N
,
84° 06’ 03.0000” W
,
1500 m
,
12 January 2006
(fl),
Hammel
et al. 24017
(
INB
)
.
Cartago
:
Steep
slopes with open forest and many epiphytes between 7 &
12 km
south of the bridge over the
Rio Grande de Orosi
at
Tapantí
,
09°42’N
,
83°47’W
,
1400–1600 m
,
2 December 1978
(fl),
Antonio
881
(
CR
,
MO
)
;
El Pizote
,
San Ramón de Tres Ríos
,
1500 m
,
26 June 1984
(fl),
Gómez
&
Herrera
22862
(
MO
)
;
Turrialba
,
Jicotea
, por fila al lado oeste del
Río Jicotea
,
Finca del Sr
.
Israel
Martínez
,
09° 47’ 05” N
,
83° 33’ 15” W
,
1100–1200 m
,
7 December 1994
(fl),
Cascante
et al
.
429
(
CR
,
K
)
;
Cartón del Guarco
,
Cuenca del Reventazón
,
San Isidro
ruta hacia el
Cerro de La Muerte
,
09° 47’00” N
,
83° 59’00” W
,
1800 m
,
3 November 1998
(fl),
Rodríguez
et al. 4088
(
INB
,
MO
)
;
Turrialba
,
Monumento Nacional Guayabo
,
Cuenca del Reventazón
, límite sur, orillas de la calle,
09° 58’ 42.6000” N
,
83° 41’ 58.1000” W
,
1240 m
,
24 May 2006
(fl),
Vargas
&
Villalobos
1341
(
INB
)
;
La Unión
,
Dulce Nombre
, Zona Protectorada
Río Tiribí
, faja de bosque ripario alrededores del puesto
Pizote
(
A
y
A
)
,
09° 56’ 10.8” N
,
83° 58’ 15.7” W
,
1600 m
,
23 April 2008
(fl),
Cascante
&
Quesada
1924
(
CR
)
.
Limón
:
Cantón de Talamanca
,
Bratsi
,
Alto Lari
, siguiendo la fila
entre Río Dapari y Río Lari
, bajando hasta el cause del mismo,
09° 25’ 50” N
,
83° 03’ 20” W
,
450 m
,
3 March 1992
(fl),
Aguilar
&
Schmidt
1035
(
CR
,
INB
)
.
PANAMA
.
Chiriquí
:
Vicinity of Casita Alta
,
Volcán
de
Chiriquí
, ca.
1500–2000 m
,
28 June–2 July1938
(fl, fr),
Woodson
et al. 969
(
GH
,
MO
,
NY
, US)
;
Vicinity of Bajo Mona
and
Quebrada Chiquero
,
1500 m
,
18 July 1940
(fl),
Woodson
&
Schery
517
(
MO
)
;
Boquete region
,
June 1940
(fr),
von Hagren
&
von Hagren
2111
(
MO
)
;
Boquete
near
Fred Collin’s
finca,
6000 ft
,
3 August 1960
(fl),
Ebinger
740
(
MO
,
US
)
;
NW of Boquete, Cerro Horqueta, trail to lower edge of cloud forest,
5000–5800 ft
,
13 December 1966
(fl),
Dwyer
et al. 1968
(
MO
)
;
Finca Collins
, vicinity of
Boquete
,
24 July 1966
(fr),
Blum
&
Dwyer
2531
A
(
MO
)
;
Cerro Horqueta
,
5700–7000 ft.
,
8 August 1967
(fr),
Kirkbride
156
(
MO
,
NY
)
;
Cerro Horqueta
,
4500–5500 ft.
,
20 July 1968
(fr),
Dwyer
&
Lallathin
8738
(
GH
,
MO
)
;
on slopes of
La Popa
above
Boquete
,
5400 ft
,
5 August 1972
(fl),
D’Arcy
&
D’Arcy
6389
(
MO
)
;
Boquete–Palo Alto
–
Finca Arco Iris
,
11 August 1977
(fl)
,
Béliz
193
(
MO
)
;
3.5 miles
NE
of Boquete
, end of road along
Río Palo Alto
,
19 November 1978
(fr, fl),
Hammel
5729
(
MO
)
;
Finca Ojo de Agua
,
1300 m
,
08° 51’ N
,
82° 46’ W
,
14 October 1981
(fr),
Knapp
1595
(
MO
)
;
Río Palo Alto
, high SE fork
1 km
W
to
Cerro Azul
,
13 May 1983
(fl),
Schmalzel
et al. 1585
(
MO
)
;
Palo Alto, SE
fork,
1800 m
,
21 September 1983
(fl),
Schmalzel
1767
(
MO
)
;
Trail
to
Cerro Pata de Macho
,
Palo Alto
,
5 June 1983
(fl),
Schmalzel
1646
(
MO
)
.
Coclé
:
Valle de Antón
and
Vicinity
,
500–700 m
,
23–27 July 1935
(fl),
Seibert
434
(
MO
)
.
FIGURE 3.
Mucuna monticola
: A: inflorescence (
Solano 2199
, INB); B–C: flower (
Solano 5265
, INB), D–E: fruit (
Solano 3198
, INB); F: leaf (
Solano 2199
, INB).
Discussion:—
It is unique among Neotropical
Mucuna
in its pod, which is larger and longer with conspicuous irregular lamellas or reticulate-ridged and not constricted between the seeds.
Mucuna monticola
most closely resembles the species
M. mutisiana
(
Kunth 1824: 443
)
Candolle (1825: 406)
and
M. killipiana
Camacho & Barbosa (1988: 38)
. It differs from both by its prominently reticulate-ridged fruit surface, with both latitudinal and longitudinal ridges. In
M. mutisiana
, the fruit surface presents interrupted or irregular lateral lamellae, while in
M. killipiana
the fruit surface has two longitudinal lamellae that extend from the base of the fruit to its apex.
Mucuna monticola
also differs from both species by having the wing petal shorter than the keel.
In his treatment of
Mucuna
for the Manual de Plantas de
Costa Rica
,
Zamora (2010)
included three possibly new species of
Mucuna
, which he lettered A–C.
Mucuna monticola
represents
Mucuna
sp. C
in Zamora’s treatment.