Systematics and biogeography of the genus Scaria Bolívar, 1887 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae: Batrachideinae)
Author
Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.
Author
Mendes, Diego Matheus De Mello
Author
Silva, Daniela Santos Martins
Author
Granda, Juan Manuel Cardona
Author
García, Alexander García
Author
Tumbrinck, Josef
text
Zootaxa
2019
2019-09-30
4675
1
1
65
journal article
25361
10.11646/zootaxa.4675.1.1
bcac9edf-0811-4d26-88d5-b4210f137fa4
1175-5326
3465115
0482F873-B09B-4A14-910B-B98A1A20C8BD
Scaria ferruginea
Hancock, 1909
Figs. 18
,
19
,
35
Scaria ferruginea
Hancock, 1909: 425
.
Scaria laeta
Günther, 1940: 472
. Synonymized by
Cadena-Castañeda & Cardona (2015: 458)
.
Type speciments.
Holotype
:
♀
BRAZIL
,
S. America
, collected by
Bates
;
W.W. Saunders’
collection (
UMO
).
Other specimens examined.
BRAZIL
,
Rondônia
,
Candeias
,
Jamari
, UHE
Samuel
,
17.viii.2016
,
8°56’57”S–
63°10’60”W
,
Arm. Luz, D.M.M
.
Mendes, F.F
.
Xavier F
°,
A.A. Agudelo
&
J.A. Rafael
leg
. (
1♀
);
idem
,
Amazonas
,
Careiro Castanho
, BR-319, km 181,
Sítio
São Paulo
,
4°12’48”S–
60°49’04”W
,
10–24.iv.2017
,
Malaise
grande,
J.A. Rafael
&
F.F. Xavier
F°
leg
. (
1♀
)
;
idem
,
15–28.ii.2017
(
1♂
)
;
idem
,
05–17.x.2017
(
1♀
)
;
idem
,
Amazonas
,
Barcelos
,
Rio Padauari
,
Comunidade Ararinha
,
00°30'18"N
–
64°03'30"W
,
04–08.vi.2010
,
Varredura, S.S
.
Oliveira
, J.T. Câ- mara,
J.A. Rafael
&
V. Linardi
leg
. (
1♂
1♀
) (
INPA
)
.
Para
,
Para
, V. VII,
VII-21-1919
, (
5♀
);
Para
,
Peixe Boi
, XI-XII- 1907 (
1♀
),
Para
,
Prata
VII-9-1919
(
1♀
);
Pará
,
Satarém
, (
1♂
),
Amazonas
,
Tefé
,
I-28
,
XII-5-1920
(
1♂
1♀
) (
ANSP
)
.
BOLIVIA
,
Santa Cruz
,
Palmar
,
Rio San Mateo
,
IX-14–16-1937
(
3♀
)
,
La Paz
,
Mapiri
(
2♂
2♀
) (
ANSP
)
.
PERU
,
Loreto
,
Iquitos
,
V-3, 17
-1920, (
2♀
)
;
Loreto
,
Pachitea
(
1♂
)
;
Huanuco
,
Tingo María
,
II-1950
(
1♂
1♀
) (
ANSP
)
CO- LOMBIA,
Putumayo
,
la Hormiga
(
CAUD
)
.
Photographic records.
BOLIVIA
,
PN Madidi
(Arthur Anker) (
1♀
)
.
COLOMBIA
,
Vaupes
,
Mitu
,
1°16’1.21”N
,
70°13’10.77”O
(Juan Manuel Cardona) (
1♀
)
.
Redescription. Female.
Pronotum, tegmina, wings and thoracic sternites brownish black, tegmina with a subapical ovoid, yellowish spot; dorsal midline brownish white as are the legs and head. Postocular strip usually lacking (in a few specimens there was a faint hint of a line); lower half of the lateral lobes of the pronotum and the greater part of the abdomen whitish (
Fig. 18A
). Head, stout and moderately elongated, eyes globose and moderately long (
Fig. 18B
); fastigium of vertex rounded and poorly projected, frontal costa lowly, but evenly arcuate in lateral view, reaching near the middle of the face; narrow scutellum; dorsal carina arising at about the level of fastigium, short usually sloping obliquely ventrad as part of the outline of the whole structure (
Fig. 18C
). Pronotum, flat, extending a little longer than hind femora (
Fig. 18A
), anterior spine of pronotum stout, curving gradually towards the front, covering the vertex in part. (
Fig. 18C
); median carina continuous and slightly raised from anterior spine to pronotal tip, this carinae pigmented by a brown whitish line (
Fig. 18D
); lateral lobes of the pronotum wider than long, lateral shoulder carina rounded and poorly projected; posterior margin of the lateral lobe sharped (
Fig. 18C
). Tegmina with a prominent subapical ovoid spot, this usually light yellow or white, tegmina ovoid and short compared to other species of the genus, covering the base of the first abdominal tergite (
Fig. 18C
). Legs short and slender, fore femora with a weak sulcation above for its entire length, mid femora with a well-developed to strongly developed internal, dorso-apical spine; hind femora with a pre-genicular spine developed. Abdomen. Subgenital plate a little longer than wide (
Fig. 18F
), with a roundish mid-indentation with no additional protrusions; ovipositor 1.5 times as long as subgenital plate (
Fig. 18E
), epiproct long and triangular shaped; cerci conical and tapering gradually to the tip (
Fig. 18G
).
Male (
novum
).
Similar to the female in color and structure of body but differs in the ambisexual characters (
Figs. 19
A–D): subgenital plate moderately short and inflated (
Figs. 19
E–F), epiproct subtriangular with a small distal protrusion (
Fig. 19E
); cerci cylindrical and tapering progressively towards the tip. (
Fig. 19G
); penultimate abdominal sternite with a weak medial protrusion (
Fig. 19F
).
FIGURE 18.
Scaria ferruginea
Hancock, 1909
(female).
A.
Habitus in lateral view.
B.
Frons.
C.
Head and pronotum in lateral view.
D.
Habitus in dorsal view.
E.
Terminalia in dorso-lateral view.
F.
Terminalia in ventral view.
G.
Terminalia in lateral view.
FIGURE 19.
Scaria ferruginea
Hancock, 1909
(male).
A.
Habitus in lateral view.
B.
Frons.
C.
Head and pronotum in lateral view.
D.
Habitus in dorsal view.
E–G.
Male terminalia.
E.
Terminalia in dorsal view.
F.
ventral view and
G.
lateral view respectively.
Variation.
Post-ocular stripe usually lacking, though it can occur, weakly and indistinctly, in some specimens; mid-longitudinal stripe of light brown, tan or cream color; tegmina rarely with a basal, light yellowish spot.
Measurements:
CFP: 13,4-13,1; VE: 1,1-0,8; HE: 1-0,9; VW: 1,4-0,8; PL: 12,6-12,4; PLB: 3-2,6; FF: 3,7-3,3; FL: 2,7-2,6; MFL: 3,9-3,6; MTL: 3,1-2,9; HL: 8-7,4; HW: 2,5-2,1; HL: 6,6-6.
Distribution.
Widely distributed in the Amazon and the Andean piedmont of
Colombia
,
Ecuador
,
Peru
,
Brazil
and
Bolivia
.
Comments.
This species was synonymized under
S. lineata
by Grant, 1902; and under
S. laeta
by Cadena- Castañeda & Cardona, 2015; we hereby revalidate its status and a re-description is provided for its accurate determination. Because
S. ferruginea
has a distinct dorsal line, it was mistaken in the past with
S. lineata
(Westerdujin &
Cadena-Castañeda, 2014
;
Huamán
et al
, 2014
), from which it differs by color pattern (in this species the usual color is dark brown) the post-ocular stripe is usually lacking, and the ovipositor differs (very short in
S. ferruginea
and normal-sized in
S. lineata
). Also, tegmina spot is lacking in
S. lineata
but conspicuous in
S. ferruginea
.