A taxonomic study on Psephellus sect. Amblyopogon (Asteraceae, Cardueae- Centaureinae)
Author
Yousefi, Zohreh
Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
Author
Negaresh, Kazem
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran.
Author
Kaya, Yusuf
Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
text
Phytotaxa
2021
2021-04-07
494
3
273
288
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.494.3.3
journal article
10.11646/phytotaxa.494.3.3
1179-3163
5423468
2.
Psephellus incanescens
(DC.)
Boissier (1875: 610)
. (
Figs. 4
and
5
)
Amberboa incanescens
Candolle (1838: 561)
.
Centaurea incanescens
(DC.)
Schultz Bipontinus (1847: 326)
. Type:—
IRAN
. Prov.
West Azerbaijan
: in locis siccis lapidosis circa Seidchadschi,
Szovits s.n.
(
lectotype
G-DC! (G00474385: on the left side of the sheet) designated here by Negaresh, isolectotypes G00330548!, H1023234!, K000794267!, P00730184!: bottom right hand corner of the sheet).
Perennial herbs, with long rhizome, whole plant usually grayish, remains of leaf bases of the previous year present. Stems simple, always arising from the base of the rosette, procumbent,
2–10 cm
tall, densely leafy throughout, ca.
2.5 mm
in diam. at the base, cylindrical, with thin white striations, densely covered with tomentose hairs. Leaves coriaceous, densely covered with appressed-grayish-tomentose hairs on both sides. Rosette leaves petiolate, undivided, lanceolate or oblong, 6–10 ×
1.5–4 cm
, sometimes with 1–2 small lobes in base of lamina, smooth or denticulate at margins, acuminate at apex. Basal and lower cauline leaves petiolate, sometimes withered at anthesis, 4–15 ×
1–2 cm
, almost lyrate; terminal segment much larger, lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, denticulate at margins; lateral segments in 1–3 pairs, smaller, narrowly lanceolate, acute at apex. Median and upper cauline leaves simple, undivided, lanceolate or oblanceolate, 2–4 ×
0.5–1.2 cm
, narrowed toward base, smooth at margins, acute or rounded at apex. Capitula few, 1– 4-cephalous, solitary on sessile peduncles; involucres ovoid, 17–25 ×
13–18 mm
. Phyllaries multiseriate, coriaceous, imbricate, green, glabrous. Appendages medium-sized, membranous, totally concealing the phyllaries, pale brown or brown, outer ones straw-coloured, lanceolate or elongate lanceolate, 5–8 ×
2.5–3.5 mm
(excluding cilia), regularly ciliate, never with a spine; cilia straw-coloured, narrowly triangular, numerous, 10–17 on each side,
1–2.5 mm
long. Flowers pink; central florets hermaphroditic, numerous,
14–16 mm
long, corolla
8–9 mm
long, 5-lobed, lobes
5–6 mm
long, stigma exserted from corolla up to
4 mm
; peripheral florets slightly longer than central ones, scarcely radiant, with staminodes, 4-lobed, limb lobes narrowly lanceolate to linear,
7–8 mm
long. Achenes oblong, 6–6.5 ×
2.5–3 mm
, smooth and shiny, yellowish, rounded at apex, glabrous; detachment area lateral, large, ca.
0.8–1 mm
long, glabrous. Pappus straw-coloured, deciduous, scabrous,
1
/
4
–
1
/
3
as long as achenes,
1–1.5 mm
long, bristles of inner rows slightly longer than outer.
Nomenclatural notes:
—When describing
Amberboa incanescens
,
Candolle (1838)
cited two collections:
Szovits s.n.
and
Aucher-Eloy 3203
. In
Flora Iranica
,
Wagenitz (1980)
cited “type:
Aucher-Eloy 4834
, G-DC and K!”, a collection number that is not mentioned in the protologue of
Amberboa incanescens
(1838: 561)
.
Aucher-Eloy 4834
specimen could not be located in G-DC herbarium in Geneva, nor in K herbarium. This error can be explained by a specimen of
P. incanescens
in W herbarium, labeled
Aucher-Eloy 4834
. This specimen was seen and annotated as
Amblyopogon incanescens
by Boissier.
Wagenitz (1980)
should not have selected the specimen
Aucher-Eloy 4834
as a type because the protologue (
Candolle 1838
) cited explicitly
Szovits s.n.
and
Aucher-Eloy 3203
. For this reason, the typification in
Flora Iranica
(
Wagenitz 1980
) should be rejected, and since there are
two syntype
collections, a lecototype must be designated.
In G-DC, the type material is represented by one sheet. The sheet comprises
two specimens
:
Szovits s.n.
, on the left side of the sheet, and
Aucher-Eloy 3203
, on the right side of the sheet. The Szovits gathering bears a label “
Amblyopogon incanescens
, in locis siccis lapidosis circa Seidchadschi prov:Aderbeidschan, herb
Szovits
”. The second specimen bears a label “Cent., Alpes Lazistani, 1837,
Aucher-Eloy 3203
”. The specimen
Szovits s.n.
is selected here as the
lectotype
because its plant contains leaves, phyllaries and capitula that are better developed than another specimen and shows the characters mentioned in the protologue.
The specimens from both
type
gatherings are also kept in other herbaria, for example
Szovits s.n.
at G-BOIS (other set),
H
,
K
and
P
,
Aucher-Eloy 3203
at
P
. The label of Szovits gathering in G-BOIS slightly differs, its label reads “Ex herbario horti Petropolitani” [printed] and “
Amblyopogon incanescens
, Aderbeidschan,
Szovits
189
” [handwritten], but on the label of the isolectotype
P00730184
it is printed: “Herb. Al. de Bunge” and handwritten: “
Amblyopogon incanescens
,
Persia
boreal.,
Szovits
”.
However
, two other isolectotypes deposited in
H
and
K
have similar labels as the G-DC collection
.
Distribution:
—
Psephellus incanescens
generally occurs in the vicinity of Qotur city in
West Azerbaijan Province
, NW
Iran
(
Fig. 3
).
Wagenitz (1975)
indicated
P. incanescens
under the headline “Species doubtfully recorded” in the Flora of
Turkey
. While conducting floristic explorations along the Iran-Turkey border, we came across
one specimen
of this species in the
Van Province
, SE
Turkey
during 2015. The present report is the first record of the taxon for
Turkey
(
Fig. 3
).
Ecology:
—
Psephellus incanescens
is an Irano-Turanian element, and grows on stony slopes and gravel slopes in the high-montane zone, at elevations of
2000–3000 m
(
Fig. 5C
).
Taxonomic notes:
—
Psephellus incanescens
is similar to
P. integrifolius
in its habit form, indumentum of plant and color of appendages and flowers. However,
P. incanescens
differs from
P. integrifolius
by its basal and lower cauline leaves almost lyrate (
vs
. undivided), appendages of phyllaries 5–8 ×
2.5–3.5 mm
(excluding cilia) (
vs
. 4–5 ×
1.8–2.5 mm
(excluding cilia)), achenes
6–6.5 mm
(
vs
. ca.
4 mm
) long, and also pappus
1
/
4
–
1
/
3
as long as achenes, bristles of inner rows almost equal to outer in width (
vs
.
1
/
3
–
1
/
2
as long as achenes, bristles of inner rows much wider than those of outer).
Selected specimens examined:—
IRAN
.
Prov.
West Azerbaijan
:
Alpes Lazistani
, 1837,
Aucher-Eloy
3203
(G- DC!: on the right side of the sheet,
P
!) (
syntypes
of
Psephellus incanescens
);
Qotur
,
Qotur-Razi
border checkpoint,
W
mountains,
38°29’42.6” N
,
44°19’51.6” E
,
2000–2500 m
,
26 June 2015
,
Negaresh
&
Pakzad
264
(
KHAU
!,
FUMH
!)
;
7 July 2014
,
Negaresh
&
Asadbegy
263
(
KHAU
!,
FUMH
!)
;
Qotur
, in
valley Qotur
,
2400 m
,
20 June 2011
,
Negaresh
&
Ranjbar
15851
(
BASU
!: two sheets); road of Qotur-Khoy,
5 km
to Qotur,
E
mountains,
2200 m
,
25 June 2012
,
Negaresh
&
Ranjbar
25906
(
BASU
!: two sheets);
Habashi Bala
N
Qotur
,
Rechinger
49586
(
W
!)
;
Kuh-e Kani Ziarat
N
Habashi Bala
,
2300–3000 m
,
W
.
Rechinger
&
Renz in Rechinger
49679
(
W
!)
;
in valle
Qotur
,
Rechinger
41713
(
W
!)
;
Rechinger
49558
(
W
!)
;
Azerbaijan
,
Aucher-Eloy
4834
(
P
!,
W
!: two sheets);
Szovits
s.n.
(
P
!)
;
Qotur
to
Khoy
, a few km from
Qotur
, ca.
1950 m
,
10 July 1971
,
Lamond
3993
(
E
!)
.
TURKEY
.
Van
:
E
mountains of
Kapýköy
border gate,
38°29’52.1” N
,
44°19’15.9” E
,
2000–2500 m
,
26 June 2015
,
Yousefi
&
Negaresh
265
(
KHAU
!)
.