The ‘ red-tailed’ Lasioglossum (Dialictus) (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) of the western Nearctic
Author
Gardner, Joel
AA15FE6E-921A-46D6-BC67-88E067F283D9
0000-0003-1843-466X
Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, 12 Dafoe Rd., Winnipeg, Manitoba, R 3 T 2 N 2, Canada.
clickbeetle3364@gmail.com
Author
Gibbs, Jason
BA42A49F-3EBC-4679-8F03-A58E798106B1
0000-0002-4945-5423
Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, 12 Dafoe Rd., Winnipeg, Manitoba, R 3 T 2 N 2, Canada.
jason.gibbs@umanitoba.ca
text
European Journal of Taxonomy
2020
2020-11-27
725
1
242
journal article
10.5852/ejt.2020.725.1167
9e062836-3946-4ac6-8910-304cadff0d4b
2118-9773
4298139
89FA8DDF-F4B9-417A-A5AF-B2BC9660E024
Lasioglossum
(
Dialictus
)
spivakae
sp. nov.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
CECDA0EF-D202-45AB-8358-ADC1585CCA15
Figs 78–
80
,
90N
Diagnosis
Females of
Lasioglossum spivakae
sp. nov.
can be recognized by their small size (about
4 mm
), face, hypoepimeron, and mesepisternum shiny with uniformly large and dense punctures (i <1 pd), scutum densely punctate except for small sparsely punctate areas just mesad of the parapsidal lines (i=1–2 pd), metasomal terga with tomentum sparse or absent except on T4–5, pronotal angle obtuse, T2 without dark spiracular spots, T1–3 usually red-orange with distinct, sharply delineated dark bands on T1 and T3, and T4–5 redddish brown to black. They are most similar to
L
.
hudsoniellum
and
L
.
perditum
sp. nov.
Females of
L
.
hudsoniellum
have T1–5 with dense tomentum, scutum uniformly punctate, pronotal angle nearly 90 degrees, and metasoma orange to black but not distinctly banded. Females of
L
.
perditum
sp. nov.
have the head and mesosoma sparsely punctate (i=1–6 pd) and metasoma redorange without distinct bands.
Males of
L
.
spivakae
sp. nov.
can be recognized by their small size (about
4 mm
), T1–3 uniformly shiny and moderately sparsely punctate (i =1–2 pd) with no change in sculpture across the premarginal line, mesepisternum densely punctate (i ≤ 1 pd), flagellomeres relatively short (F2 about 1.4 times as long as F1 and 1.25 times as long as broad), and metasoma all black. They are most similar to
L
.
perditum
sp. nov.
and
L
.
imbriumbrae
sp. nov.
Males of
L
.
perditum
sp. nov.
have T1–3 rims more sparsely and less distinctly punctate than discs, T4–5 with sparser tomentum, and flagellomeres relatively longer (F2 about 1.75 times as long as F1 and 1.4 times as long as broad). Males of
L
.
imbriumbrae
sp. nov.
have T1–3 rims impunctate, metasomal terga with sparse tomentum, and metasoma usually partially reddish brown to orange.
Etymology
The specific epithet
spivakae
is a dedication to Marla Spivak, in recognition of her accomplishments as head of the University of
Minnesota
Bee Lab and her support during the lead author’s years of work there. It is applied to this particular species because of the typical colour pattern of the female metasoma, which resembles that of a honey bee. An appropriate translation would be Spivak’s sweat bee.
Material examined
Holotype
UNITED STATES
–
Utah
•
♀
;
Uintah Co.
,
15 mi.
S of Roosevelt
;
40.0834° N
,
109.9781° W
;
15 May 2012
;
S. C. Clark
leg.; BBSL.
[Verbatim label:
USA
:UT Uintah Co.
15 mi.
S of Roosevelt 12 587123E 4437512N
15 May 2012
S.C. Clark Pantrap, white / UBU-3 T-13 / BBSL821375 // BOLD / gard0142-UT / DLIII165-19 //
HOLOTYPE
/
Lasioglossum
(
Dialictus
)
spivakae
Gardner and Gibbs
]
Paratypes
UNITED STATES
–
Arizona
•
2 ♀♀
;
Mojave Co.
,
11 mi.
N of Mt. Trumbull
; [
36.56° N
,
113.14° W
];
9 Jun. 1994
;
G. Bryant
leg.;
ex
Argemone
;
BBSL
•
1 ♀
;
24 mi.
W of Cameron
; [
35.87° N
,
111.84° W
];
3 Jul. 1952
;
R.H.
and
L.D. Beamer
,
C. Weiner
,
A. Wolf
,
C. Liang
and
W. LaBerge
leg.;
SEMC
.
–
Colorado
•
1♀
;
Fremont Co.
,
6 mi.
NE of Florence
; [
38.45° N
,
105.04° W
];
11 Aug. 1964
; J. G.,
B. L.
and
K.C. Rozen
leg.;
AMNH
•
1 ♀
;
Mesa Co.
,
5.5 air mi. ESE of De Beque
;
39.3605° N
,
108.3134° W
;
1725 m
a.s.l.;
10 May 2012
;
J. Florez
leg.;
BBSL
•
1 ♀
; same location as for preceding;
27 Apr. 2012
;
J. Florez
leg.;
BBSL
•
1 ♀
; same location as for preceding;
4 May 2012
;
J. Florez
leg.;
BBSL
•
1 ♀
;
Mesa Co.
,
5.58 air mi. ESE of De Beque
;
39.3597° N
,
108.3127° W
;
1727 m
a.s.l.;
4 May 2012
;
J. Florez
leg.;
BBSL
•
1 ♀
;
Mesa Co.
,
0.3 air mi. S of Pyramid Rock
;
39.3043° N
,
108.2703° W
;
1534 m
a.s.l.;
8 May 2012
;
J. Florez
leg.;
BBSL
•
35 ♀♀
;
Mesa Co.
;
39.1019° N
,
108.7376° W
;
3–4 Aug. 2011
;
WRME
•
8 ♀♀
;
Mesa Co.
;
39.0295° N
,
108.6276° W
;
3–4 Aug. 2011
;
WRME
•
1 ♀
;
Mesa Co.
;
39.1019° N
,
108.7376° W
;
15–16 Jun. 2011
;
WRME
•
2 ♀♀
;
Mesa Co.
;
39.0295° N
,
108.6276° W
;
15–16 Jun. 2011
;
WRME
•
1 ♀
;
Mesa Co.
;
39.1019° N
,
108.7376° W
;
25–26 May 2011
;
WRME
•
1 ♀
;
Mesa Co.
;
39.0295° N
,
108.6276° W
;
25–26 May 2011
;
WRME
•
4 ♀♀
;
Mesa Co.
;
39.1019° N
,
108.7376° W
;
24–25 Aug. 2011
;
WRME
•
1 ♀
;
Mesa Co.
;
39.0295° N
,
108.6276° W
;
24–25 Aug. 2011
;
WRME
.
–
Nevada
•
4 ♀♀
;
Clark Co.
,
0.9 mi.
E Indian Ridge
;
36.4765° N
,
115.6351° W
;
1396 m
a.s.l.;
16 Jun. 2004
;
E. Ahlstrom
leg.;
ex
Sphenosciadium capitellatum
;
BBSL
•
1 ♀
;
Clark Co.
,
1.4 mi.
E of Mule Spr.
;
36.0313° N
,
115.5553° W
;
2 Jun. 2005
;
S. Higbee
leg.;
ex
Fallugia paradoxa
;
PCYU
•
2 ♀♀
;
Clark Co.
,
2.7 mi.
SE of Horse Sprs.
;
36.2704° N
,
115.8531° W
;
1535 m
a.s.l.;
27 Aug. 2004
;
E. Rentz
leg.;
ex
Stephanomeria pauciflora
;
BBSL
•
5 ♀♀
; same location as for preceding;
21 Jul. 2004
;
S. Higbee
leg.;
ex
Stanleya pinnata
;
BBSL
•
1 ♀
;
Clark Co.
,
16.91 mi.
SE of Devils Hole Hills
;
36.2433° N
,
115.8991° W
;
20 Jun. 2005
;
R. Andrus
leg.;
ex
Stanleya
sp.;
PCYU
•
1 ♀
;
Clark Co.
,
Peek-A-Boo Canyon
;
36.5326° N
,
115.1117° W
;
1760 m
a.s.l.;
16 Aug. 2004
;
S. Higbee
leg.;
ex
Eriogonum cernuum
;
BBSL
•
2 ♀♀
;
Clark Co.
,
Trout Canyon
;
36.1519° N
,
115.7211° W
;
1474 m
a.s.l.;
28 Jul. 2004
;
S. Higbee
leg.;
ex
Eriogonum deflexum
;
BBSL
•
3 ♀♀
; same location as for preceding;
28 Jul. 2004
;
D. Skandilis
leg.;
ex
Eriogonum deflexum
;
BBSL
•
1 ♀
; same location as for preceding;
28 Jul. 2004
;
E. Ahlstrom
leg.;
ex
Eriogonum deflexum
;
BBSL
•
1 ♀
; same location as for preceding;
28 Jul. 2004
;
E. Ahlstrom
leg.;
ex
Eriogonum deflexum
;
PCYU
•
1 ♀
;
Clark Co.
,
Willow Creek Campground
,
Charleston Mountains
; [
36.43° N
,
115.77° W
];
14 Jul. 1977
;
R.O. Schuster
leg.;
UCDC
.
–
Texas
•
2 ♀♀
,
10 ♂♂
;
Jeff Davis Co.
,
0.5 mi.
S of Kent
; [
31.06° N
,
104.22° W
];
29 May 1999
;
L. Packer
leg.;
PCYU
.
–
Utah
•
1 ♀
;
Emery Co.
,
9 km
N of Goblin Valley St. Pk.
; [
38.65° N
,
110.7° W
];
1360 m
a.s.l.;
14 Aug. 1992
;
D. Yanega
leg.;
SEMC
•
1 ♀
;
Emery Co.
,
1 air km SE of Gilson Butte
;
38.587° N
,
110.5922° W
;
1558 m
a.s.l.;
16 Jun. 2000
;
F.D. Parker
leg.;
BBSL
•
1 ♀
;
Garfield Co.
,
1.7 mi.
WSW of Pioneer Mesa
;
37.7876° N
,
111.1682° W
;
6 May 2002
;
S. Higbee
leg.;
ex
Mahonia fremontii
;
BBSL
•
1 ♀
;
Kane Co.
,
1 mi.
W of Wagon Box Mesa
, nr 2A99; [
37.82° N
,
111.09° W
];
26 May 2000
;
R. Andrus
leg.;
ex
Purshia mexicana
;
PCYU
•
1 ♀
;
Kane Co.
,
Croton Canyon
; [
37.2° N
,
111.3° W
];
6 Jun. 2000
;
J. Grixti
leg.;
ex
Tamarix
sp.;
BBSL
•
1 ♀
; same location as for preceding;
4 Jun. 2000
;
O. Messinger
leg.;
ex
Tamarix
sp.;
PCYU
•
1 ♀
;
Uintah Co.
,
15 mi.
SW of Fort Duchesne
;
40.0918° N
,
109.914° W
;
11 May 2012
;
S. C. Clark
leg.;
BBSL
•
1 ♀
;
Uintah Co.
,
Johnson Draw
;
39.7619° N
,
109.697° W
;
1819 m
a.s.l.;
15 May 2011
;
M. Lewis
leg.;
ex
Hesperidanthus suffrutescens
;
BBSL
•
1 ♀
;
Wayne Co.
,
2 mi.
W of Caineville
; [
38.33° N
,
111.06° W
];
28 Jun. 1999
;
L. Packer
leg.;
PCYU
.
Description
Female
COLOURATION. Head and mesosoma blue to olive green; clypeus apical colour reddish brown to orange; labrum reddish brown to orange; mandible orange with black basal spot and red tip; flagellum reddish brown dorsally, light brown ventrally; pronotal lobe reddish brown; metasoma orange with base of T1, median band on T3, and T4–5 entirely brown, dark spiracular spots on T3–4; legs reddish brown with femur-tibia joints and tarsi mostly orange; tegula pale amber to brown; wing membrane hyaline, veins with subcosta brown, otherwise pale amber to light brown.
PUBESCENCE. Body hair colour white. Tomentum dense on gena, pronotal collar and lobe, space between pronotal lobe and tegula, and T4–5; sparse on T3 apicolaterally. Scutum hair thin to slightly densely plumose. Wing hairs dark or light, short and dense. Acarinarial fan complete or incomplete, very sparse. T2 fringes sparse, T3 fringes sparse.
SURFACE SCULPTURE. Clypeus punctures dense on basal margin (i ≤ 1 pd), large and irregularly sparse apically (i <3 pd), sculpture shiny; supraclypeal area punctures sparse (i=1–3 pd), sculpture shiny; paraocular area punctures dense (i ≤ 1 pd), sculpture shiny; frons punctures dense (i <1 pd), sculpture shiny; vertex punctures dense laterally (i <1 pd), sparse medially (i= 1–2 pd), sculpture shiny; gena punctures dense (i ≤ 1 pd), sculpture shiny; postgena sculpture shiny, becoming weakly ruguloso-lineate to imbricate adjacent to hypostomal carina; tegula punctures absent; scutum punctures dense (i <1 pd), becoming sparse submedially and anteromedially (i =1–2 pd), sculpture tessellate, becoming shiny laterally and posteriorly; scutellum punctures dense marginally and on median line (i <1 pd), sparse submedially (i=1–3 pd), sculpture imbricate marginally, shiny medially; metanotum sculpture imbricate; metapostnotum rugae strong, highly anastomosing, nearly reaching margin, sculpture imbricate; preëpisternum sculpture reticulate-punctate; hypoepimeron punctures crowded (i=0 pd), sculpture shiny, sometimes ruguloso-punctate; mesepisternum punctures crowded (i =0 pd), sculpture shiny, sometimes weakly reticulate; metepisternum sculpture lineate dorsally, rugulose medially, shiny with crowded punctures ventrally (i= 0 pd); propodeum lateral face sculpture ruguloso-punctate anteriorly, becoming tessellate posteriorly; propodeum posterior face sculpture tessellate; T1 anterior face sculpture shiny; T1 dorsal surface punctures sparse (i=1–3 pd), impunctate in large apicolateral oval patches, sculpture shiny; T2 disc punctures dense (i ≤ 1 pd), sparse or impunctate in small apicolateral oval patches, disc sculpture shiny, rim punctures fine, sparse (i= 1–3 pd), rim sculpture shiny.
STRUCTURE. Face length/width ratio 0.87 (± 0.03 SD). Clypeus projecting ~67% below suborbital tangent; clypeal area length/width ratio 0.39 (± 0.02 SD); apicolateral denticles low rounded knobs; supraclypeal area length/width ratio 0.65 (± 0.04 SD). Forewing with 3 submarginal cells; pronotal angle obtuse; tegula shape normal. Intertegular distance 0.73 (± 0.06 SD) mm. Scutum length/width ratio 0.82 (± 0.04 SD); scutum/scutellum length ratio 2.89 (± 0.27 SD); scutellum/metanotum length ratio 1.69 (± 0.16 SD); metanotum/metapostnotum length ratio 0.63 (± 0.05 SD). Propodeum lateral carinae not reaching dorsal margin; oblique carina absent. T2 depressed apical rim length less than 50% of segment. (n=10)
Male
COLOURATION. Head and mesosoma blue; clypeus apical colour reddish brown; labrum reddish brown; mandible orange with black base and red tip; flagellum reddish brown dorsally, light brown ventrally; pronotal lobe reddish brown; metasoma black with rims of T3–5 and downcurved lateral areas of terga narrowly reddish brown, becoming transparent; legs dark reddish brown with tarsi light yellow-brown; tegula brown; wing membrane hyaline, veins with subcosta dark brown, otherwise light brown to pale amber.
Fig. 78.
Lasioglossum
(
D.
)
spivakae
sp. nov.
, ♀.
A
. Dorsal habitus.
B
. Lateral habitus.
C
. Face.
D
. Propodeum and metasoma. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Fig. 79.
Lasioglossum
(
D.
)
spivakae
sp. nov.
, ♂.
A
. Dorsal habitus.
B
. Lateral habitus.
C
. Face.
D
. Propodeum.
E
. Metasoma. Scale bars: 1 mm.
PUBESCENCE. Body hair colour white. Tomentum dense on face below ocelli, gena, pronotal collar and lobe, space between pronotal lobe and tegula, T2–3 basolaterally, and T4–5 throughout; sparse on thorax throughout, T1 laterally, T6, and rims of T1–3 laterally. Scutum hair moderately plumose. Sterna hair short (0.5–1.5 OD), densely plumose, dense and erect. Wing hairs light, short and sparse.
SURFACE SCULPTURE. Clypeus punctures dense (i <1 pd), sculpture shiny; supraclypeal area punctures dense (i <1 pd), sculpture shiny; paraocular area punctures dense (i <1 pd), sculpture shiny; frons punctures dense (i <1 pd), sculpture shiny; vertex punctures dense laterally (i <1 pd), moderately sparse medially (i =1–2 pd), sculpture shiny; gena punctures dense (i <1 pd), sculpture shiny; postgena sculpture shiny, becoming rugulose laterad of hypostomal carina and posteriorly; tegula punctures absent; scutum punctures dense (i ≤ 1 pd), becoming sparse submedially (i =1–3 pd), sculpture shiny; scutellum punctures dense marginally and on median line (i ≤ 1 pd), sparse submedially (i= 1–3 pd), sculpture shiny; metanotum sculpture shiny and finely, moderately sparsely punctate (i =1–2 pd); metapostnotum rugae strong, anastomosing, reaching or nearly reaching margin, sculpture shiny, sometimes weakly imbricate posteriorly; preëpisternum sculpture shiny with crowded punctures (i=0 pd); hypoepimeron punctures crowded (i=0 pd), sculpture shiny; mesepisternum punctures dense (i ≤ 1 pd), sculpture shiny; metepisternum sculpture lineate dorsally, reticulate-punctate ventrally; propodeum lateral face punctures crowded (i=0 pd), becoming slightly sparser posteroventrally (i <1 pd), sculpture imbricate, becoming ruguloso-punctate on dorsolateral slope; propodeum posterior face sculpture imbricate and densely punctate laterally (i <1 pd), becoming shiny and sparsely punctate medially (i=1–3 pd); T1 anterior face sculpture shiny; T1 dorsal surface punctures moderately sparse (i=1–2 pd), sparse in large apicolateral oval patches (i =2–4 pd), sculpture shiny; T2 disc punctures moderately sparse (i =1–2 pd), disc sculpture shiny, rim punctures moderately sparse (i =1–2 pd), rim sculpture shiny.
STRUCTURE. Face length/width ratio 0.88 (± 0.02 SD). F1:pedicel length ratio 1.3 (± 1.09 SD); F2:F1 length ratio 1.41 (± 0.41 SD); F2 length/width ratio 1.23 (± 0.07 SD); F9 length/width ratio 1.09 (± 0.08 SD). Forewing with 3 submarginal cells; pronotal angle obtuse; tegula shape normal. Intertegular distance 0.77 (± 0.03 SD) mm. Scutum length/width ratio 0.8 (± 0.02 SD); scutum/scutellum length ratio 3.15 (± 0.4 SD); scutellum/metanotum length ratio 1.45 (± 0.3 SD); metanotum/metapostnotum length ratio 0.73 (± 0.07 SD). Propodeum lateral carinae not reaching dorsal margin; oblique carina absent. (n=10)
GENITALIA. As in
Fig.
90N
. Gonocoxite broad apically, narrowed at base. Gonostylus very long, attached subapically, with a few short hairs. Retrorse lobe relatively narrow, spatulate, covered with sparse short hairs apically.
Range
Western
Colorado
south to western
Texas
, west to
Nevada
(
Fig. 80
).
Floral records
APIACEAE Lindl.
Sphenosciadium
A.Gray
:
S
.
capitellatum
A.Gray
•
ASTERACEAE Giseke
:
Stephanomeria
:
S
.
pauciflora
(Torr.) A. Nelson
•
BERBERIDACEAE Juss.
Mahonia
Nutt.
M
.
fremontii
(Torr.) Fedde
•
BRASSICACEAE Burnett
:
Hesperidanthus
(B.L. Rob.) Rydb.
H
.
suffrutescens
(Rollins) Al-Shehbaz
•
Stanleya
Nutt.
S
.
pinnata
(Pursh) Britton
•
PAPAVERACEAE Juss.
Argemone
L.
•
POLYGONACEAE Juss.
Eriogonum
Michx.
E
.
cernuum
Nutt.
•
E
.
deflexum
Torr.
•
ROSACEAE Juss.
Fallugia
Endl.
F
.
paradoxa
(D. Don) Endl. ex Torr.
•
Purshia
DC. ex Poir.
P
.
mexicana
(D. Don) Henr.
•
TAMARICACEAE Link
:
Tamarix
L.
DNA barcodes
Five sequences available (BOLD process IDs: DLIII100-18, DLIII165-19, DLIII166-19, DLIII167-19, LASNA021-08; BIN: BOLD:AAI1288). There is a small amount of divergence within these sequences
(maximum p-distance 0.66%).
Lasioglossum spivakae
sp. nov.
differs from all other western red-tailed
L
. (
Dialictus
) by 3 fixed substitutions: 87(T), 142(A), and 144(T) (Supplementary file 4).
Remarks
There is some variation in the length of the face in
L
.
spivakae
sp. nov.
A single specimen from Mojave County,
Arizona
, has an especially narrow and elongate head (face length/width ratio 0.95) with the postgena distinctly concave, but most specimens have a face length/width ratio closer to 0.85 and a normal postgena.