Notes on Mediterranean Theridiidae (Araneae) – II Author Knoflach, Barbara University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck ,, Austria Author Rollard, Christine Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris ,, France Author Thaler, Konrad Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck ,, France text ZooKeys 2009 2009-07-29 16 16 227 264 journal article 22716 10.3897/zookeys.16.237 6183f557-d88b-466e-81ea-549149b529cb 1313–2970 576484 Theridion pyrenaeum Denis, 1944 Figs 48-49 , 53-55 , 56 Material examined. Spain : Sierra Nevada , Veleta route, 2600 m , boulder fields , 3 ♂ 9 ♀ 1 subadult ♂ 1 subadult ♀ ( CTh ), 18.7.1982 and 19.7.1982 , leg. K. Thaler [Sp82-2, 82-7]. Sierra Nevada , Corral de Veleta , 3000 m , 1 ♀ ( MHNG ), leg. K. Thaler [Sp82-5] . France : Pyrenees , Larruns , Arrens , E Col d’Aubisque , 1600 m , scree, 1 ♂ 4 ♀ 1 subadult ♂ 1 juvenile ( CTh ), 14.7.1982 , leg. K. Thaler [Py 82-11]. Pyrenees Orientales , Massif du Canigou , between Chalet de Cortalets and Cirque , 2200-2400 m , 1 ♀ ( NMW ), 26.9.1983 , leg. K. Thaler [F83-8] . Description , identification. Denis (1944) , Bosmans et al. (1994) . Taxonomic status. The statement of Bosmans et al. (1994: 238) ”.. further material of T. pyrenaeum is needed to allow a biometric study of some parts of the palp and epigyne to decide about the status of this species” indicates its close similarity to T. hannoniae and the arising problem of interspecific/intraspecific classification. This requirement remains. Judging from the present specimens, T. pyrenaeum is larger in body and leg size, although in the females this was not always clearly reliable ( Fig. 56 ). However, the dimensions of the male and female genitalia (cymbium length and width of epigynal cavity) from various locations show consistent differences. Measurements . This is a similar, but larger, species compared to Theridion hannoniae ( Fig. 56 ). Males (n=4, min-max):Total length 2.2-2.5, carapace length 1.0, width 0.9-1.0, length femur I 1.8-2.2, tibia I 1.6-2.0 mm. Females (n=5, min-max): Total length 2.0-3.0, carapace length 0.8-1.0, width 0.8-1.0, length femur I 1.4-1.8, tibia I 1.1-1.5 mm . Somatic features, colouration. Not distinguishable from Theridion hannoniae , see above. Male palp ( Figs 48-49 ). Conformation of male palp: see T. hannoniae , as palpal elements do not differ in shape. Differentiation from T. hannoniae by larger dimensions: Cymbium 0.50-0.52 mm long (n=4). Distal embolus 0.38-0.40 mm long (n=2). Epigynum /vulva ( Figs 53-55 ). Overall genital morphology as in T. hannoniae , distinguished by size and proportion of following parts: Epigynal cavity larger than in T. pyrenaeum , 0.12-0.15 mm wide (n=11), its width exceeding the distance to outside of ducts (x, Fig. 53 ). Receptacula seminis as long as or shorter than width of epigynal cavity. Distribution . According to the current state of knowledge Theridion pyrenaeum appears to be endemic to western European mountain systems, in allopatry with the widespread T. hannoniae . Up to the present, T. pyrenaeum has been found only in the French and Spanish Pyrenees and Sierra Nevada ( Spain ). There it is confined to the higher zones, between 2500 and 3130 m altitude in Sierrra Nevada, about 2000 m in the type region Andorra ( Denis 1957 ) and between 1600 and 2400 in the French Pyrenees (present paper). Ecological preference and altitudinal zoning resemble that of Theridion petraeum in the Alps.