Revision of the South American genus Tetragonopterus Cuvier, 1816 (Teleostei: Characidae) with description of four new species
Author
Silva, Gabriel S. C.
Author
Melo, Bruno F.
Author
Oliveira, Claudio
Author
Benine, Ricardo C.
text
Zootaxa
2016
4200
1
1
46
journal article
37756
10.11646/zootaxa.4200.1.1
834295d1-63b4-4951-a5ea-f2d3ec0228f3
1175-5326
177598
911ECACD-8903-405E-AAA4-8300901D69C7
Tetragonopterus araguaiensis
Silva, Melo, Oliveira & Benine, 2013
Fig. 10
Tetragonopterus araguaiensis
Silva, Melo, Oliveira & Benine, 2013
: 1613
–1631 (original description; type locality: “Brazil, Goiás, Aruanã, Rio Araguaia, Amazon basin).
FIGURE 10.
Tetragonopterus araguaiensis
.
a) MZUSP 4820, holotype, 51.8 mm SL, Brazil, Goiás, Aruanã, Rio Araguaia, Amazon basin. b) LBP 17276, 69.5 mm SL, Brazil, Goiás, Britânia, Rio Vermelho, Rio Araguaia. Photo (a) from Silva
et al.
(2013) and (b) by B.F. Melo.
Diagnosis.
Tetragonopterus araguaiensis
is distinguished from all congeners except
T. anostomus
by having 18–20 gill rakers on the lower limb and 10–12 gill rakers in the upper limb of the first gill arch (
vs.
12–14 and 8–10
).
Tetragonopterus araguaiensis
differs from
T. anostomus
by having a terminal mouth (
vs.
subsuperior mouth) and by having two conspicuous humeral marks (
vs.
only one conspicuous humeral mark). It differs from
T. anostomus
,
T. kuluene
,
T. juruena
and
T. denticulatus
by the presence of 4 principal dentary teeth (
vs.
5–6) and also by having larger and more robust teeth (
vs.
thinner and sharper teeth).
Tetragonopterus araguaiensis
differs from
T. argenteus
by having 7–9 predorsal scales (
vs.
11–17); it differs from
T. carvalhoi
by having a rounded mark on caudal peduncle (
vs.
a lozenge-shaped mark); it differs from
T. ommatus
by having 0–2 teeth on the maxilla (
vs.
7–8 teeth) and by having a centered mark on the caudal peduncle (
vs.
mark limited to the posterior portion of the caudal peduncle).
Tetragonopterus araguaiensis
differs from
T. rarus
and
T. georgiae
by the presence of 3.5 scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin (
vs.
4.5–5.5). Finally,
T. araguaiensis
differs from
T. rarus
by the absence of longitudinal dark stripes on the trunk (
vs.
presence of stripes).
Description.
A detailed description of
Tetragonopterus araguaiensis
was recently provided by
Silva
et al.
(2013)
.
Distribution.
Tetragonopterus araguaiensis
is only known from the middle portion of the Rio Araguaia (
Fig. 2
b).
Material
examined.
Brazil
.
Types
:
MZUSP
4820
,
holotype
,
51.8 mm
SL,
Goiás
,
Aruanã
,
Araguaia
basin,
14°54’27”S
51°04’52”W
, H.A. Britski &
P.E. Vanzolini
,
15–19 Sep 1966
.
MZUSP
111003
, 5
paratypes (1 c&s), 48.4–53.0 mm SL, same data as holotype. LBP 4154
,
1 paratype
,
62.5 mm
SL,
Goiás
,
Aragarças
,
Rio Araguaia
,
15°53’35.2”S
52°15’00”W
, C.
Oliveira
et al.
,
10 Dec 2002
.
LBP 7756,
2 paratypes
(one c&s),
32.8–35.3 mm
SL,
Mato Grosso
,
Cocalinho
,
Araguaia
basin,
14°23’52.3”S
50°59’29.3”W
, J.
Senhorini
et al.
, 0
8 Sep 2008
.
MZUSP
17032, 5
paratypes,
48.5–50.5 mm
SL,
Mato Grosso
,
Santa Terezinha
,
Rio Araguaia
basin,
10°35’00”S
50°34’00”W
, H.
Britski
, 0
1 Oct 1964
.
MZUSP
54523, 3
paratypes, 52.0–
54.5 mm
SL,
Rio Araguaia
basin, no further data. NUP 12743
,
1 paratype
,
52.1 mm
SL,
Mato Grosso
,
Cocalinho
,
Araguaia
basin,
Lago Varal
,
13°00’52”S
50°36’08”W
,
Nupelia
team, 0
3 Nov 2011
.
Non
type
:
LBP 17276, 1,
69.5 mm
SL,
Goiás
,
Britânia
,
Araguaia
basin,
Rio Vermelho
,
15°10’23.02”S
51°09’27.1”W
.