A revision of Canarium L. (Burseraceae) in Madagascar Author Daly, Douglas C. Author Raharimampionona, Jeannie Author Federman, Sarah text Adansonia 2015 2015-12-31 37 2 277 345 https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2522e05a-0ab0-3e53-96aa-d45147a2ca6c/ journal article 10.5252/a2015n2a2 1639-4798 5208903 Canarium betamponae Daly, Raharim. & Federman , sp. nov. ( Figs 6 ; 7 A-D). Small to medium-sized trees, leaves 3-4(5)-jugate, fruits broadly obovoid (rarely slightly ovoid), glabrous and glossy, distinguished from C. galokense Daly, Raharim. & Federman , sp. nov. , C. globosum Daly, Raharim. & Federman , sp. nov. , C. manongarivum Daly, Raharim. & Federman , sp. nov. and C. subsidarium Daly, Raharim. & Federman , sp. nov. by membranaceous stipules and subglabrous inflorescence axes. TYPUS . — Madagascar . Toamasina / Tamatave, District Toamasina II, Ambodirina, Réserve Naturelle Intégrale Betampona, 325- 375 m elev., 17°55’53”S , 49°12’12”E , 3.II.2006 (fr), D. C. Daly, R. Ranaivojaona, R. B. Iambana, & C. Razafy 13073 (holo-, NY!; iso-, MO!, TEF!). PARATYPI . — Madagascar . Toamasina , Atsinanana , Réserve Naturelle Intégrale Betampona , 325-375 m , 15°55’53”S , 49°12’12”E , 4.II.2006 , D. C. Daly , R. Ranaivojaona , R. B. Iambana & C. Razafy 13079 ( NY , TEF ), 325-375 m , 15°55’53”S , 49°12’12”E , 4.II.2006 , D. C. Daly , R. Ranaivojaona , R. B. Iambana & C. Razafy 13080 ( NY , TEF ), 400-600 m , 17°54’16”S , 49°12’13”E , 15.IV.2008 , S. Federman , T. Treuer & J. Sylvain 9 ( NY ), 400-600 m , 17°54’33”S , 49°12’12”E , 7.III.2008 , S. Federman , T.Treuer & J. Sylvain 28 ( NY ), 400-600 m , 17°54’29”S , 49°12’06”E , 9.III.2008 , S. Federman , T. Treuer & J. Sylvain 53 ( NY ), 400-600 m , 17°54’30”S , 49°12’14”E , 23.IV.2008 , S. Federman , T.Treuer & J. Sylvain 116 ( NY ); Ambohimanga , Ambaro , Ifanadiana , 11.II.1956 , Service Forestier 20-R-332 [sic] ( NY , TEF [not seen]); Atsinanana , Réserve Naturelle Intégrale Betampona , 400-600 m , 17°53’48”S , 49°13’11”E , 4.V.2008 , T. Treuer , S. Federman & J. Sylvain 70 ( NY ), 400-600 m , 17°54’36”S , 49°12’10”E , 10.V.2008 , T.Treuer , S. Federman & J. Sylvain 110 ( NY ). DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY. — To date, Canarium betamponae , sp. nov. appears to be restricted to theRéserve Naturelle Intégrale de Betampona in Toamasina , where it is usually a large tree occurring on sandy clay soils in primary humid forest with open canopy and many poles and lianas; it is found between 325-600 m on slopes usually not exposed to cyclones. Fruiting Feb.-Apr. COMMON NAMES AND USES. — Ramy. Resin used for caulking canoes, also for illumination, and for religious ( tromba ) ceremonies. DESCRIPTION Trees, reproductive size 11-22 m × 20-65 cm diam, with thick low plank buttresses.Outer bark dark gray(-brown), thick, with deep short fissures, shed in elongate irregular plates; inner bark pale red or orange to tan, thick.Leaves 15-27 cm long, 3-4(5)-jugate; petiole 3.5-5.7 cm long, petiole and rachis with scattered capitate glands and a few scattered ascending to appressed pale golden hairs to 0.25 mm long, also with scattered elongate lenticels; stipules 11-38 mm from petiole insertion, 3-7 mm long, orbicular, membranaceous, with sparse appressed pale golden hairs to 0.15mm long, the scar 1-2 mm long; all lateral petiolules 4-9 mm long, terminal one 7-10 mm long,petiolules canaliculate, lateral pulvinuli inconspicuous; basal leaflets 3.2-4.9 × 2.2-3cm , broadly ovate to suborbicular or oblong, other laterals 3.7-6.5 × 2.2-3.2 cm , broadly elliptic to slightly ovate; terminal one 3.5- 6.2 × 2.4-3.3 cm , broadly elliptic, rarely slightly obovate; leaflet apex usually abruptly and broadly short-acuminate, the acumen 2-7 mm long; lateral leaflet base symmetrical to slightly asymmetrical, obtuse or rounded to truncate or sometimes slightly cordate;leaflet margin flat to slightly revolute; leaflets coriaceous, drying brown; secondary vein framework festooned brochidodromous, usually looping far from the margin, secondaries in 6-9(11) pairs, spreading, spacing decreasing toward apex and base, the angle increasing toward the apex and sometimes toward the base, perpendicular epimedial tertiaries usually present, intercostal tertiaries irregular-reticulate,frequently some admedial tertiaries branching toward secondary vein axils from adjacent secondaries, quaternaries regular-polygonal; on abaxial side all veins narrowly prominent, the surface glabrous; on adaxial side all veins narrowly prominulous except the midvein sunk in a groove, glabrous. Flowers unknown. Infructescences 9-20 cm long, the secondary axes 3-7 cm long, in fruit the axes (sub) glabrous, sometimes with some bristles to 0.1 mm long; bracts deciduous, not semi-clasping; fruiting pedicel 4-7 × 2-3 mm , slightly clavate; fruiting calyx 2-3 mm long, spreading to patent, the lobes distinct, with a few short thick ascending hairs to 0.15 mm long. Fruits 3-3.2 × 2.6-3.2 cm (to 3.4 cm long fresh), broadly obovoid, rarely slightly ovoid or depressed-globose, sometimes slightly 3-lobed ( Daly et al. 13073 ), the apex round and base obtuse to truncate, surface glaucous to dull turquoise, smooth, glabrous, usually glossy; mesocarp to 5 mm thick; the pyrene 2-2.8 × 2.1-2.4 cm , operculum runs along the pyrene. NOTES TABLE 1. — Comparison of the Canarium betamponae , sp. nov. complex (salient features in bold).
C. betamponae , C. galokense , C. globosum , C. manongarivum , C. subsidarium ,
Canarium sp. sp. nov. sp. nov. sp. nov. sp. nov. sp. nov.
Provinces of Toamasina Antsiranana Antsiranana, Toamasina, Antsiranana Antsiranana
distribution Toliara
Elevation range (m) 325-600 300-700 10-700 c. 875 1000-1600
No. juga 3-4(5) 3-5 3-5 3 3-4
Stipule insertion 11-38 3-10 (4)8-23(35) 10-16 4-9
from base (mm)
Stipular 1-2 2-4 1-2 7-9 2-3 (raised)
scar length (mm)
Stipule length (mm) 3-7, orbicular 4.5-10, orbicular, 3-8, orbicular [Unknown] [Unknown]
and shape substipitate
Stipule texture Membranaceous Coriaceous Becoming fleshy [Unknown] [Unknown]
Leaf rachis Few scattered Scattered thick short Sparse to scattered, fine,Sparse thick erect Dense to scattered
pubescence ascending to hairs to 0.1 appressed hairs to 0.2 hairs to 0.1 mm fine erect hairs
(discounting capitate appressed hairs to long to 0.5; also
glands) (mm) 0.25 bristles (fine
erect hairs to
0.05)
Lateral leaflet shape Broadly elliptic to (Oblong-) lanceolate Oblong or less often Elliptic to slightly Oblong(-lanceolate)
slightly ovate to ovate oblong-elliptic or oblong- to elliptic
ovate oblanceolate
Leaflet apex, Usually abruptly and Gradually and usually Rounded to slightly Broadly short- Gradually and
acumen (mm) broadly short- narrowly acuminate, emarginate, seldom acuminate or broadly
shortacuminate, 2-7 (2) 5-10 abruptly and broadly rarely obtuse, 0-4 acuminate, 2-6
short-acuminate,
0-2 (4)
Leaflet adaxial surface Glabrous Few scattered capitate Glabrous Black-punctate Glabrous
glands or glabrous
Inflorescence (Sub)glabrous , Dense to sparse Sparse to dense Sparse to scattered Dense to sparse
trichomes sometimes with flexuous hairs flexuous hairs to 0.2 flexuous to erect flexuous hairs to
(discounting capitate some bristles to 0.1 to 0.25 thick hairs to 0.25 0.3, also sparse to
glands) (mm) dense bristles
Fruit size (cm) 3-3.2 × 2.6-3.2 3.5-4 × 2.5-3 2-3.8 × 2-2.5 c. 2.8-2.9 × 1.8-2.1 3.6-3.8 × 2.3-2.8
(immature?)
Fruit shape Broadly obovoid, rarely Broadly oblong or Subglobose to (ob)ovoid Slightly ovoid Ovoid
slightly ovoid broadly ovoid
Fruit surface Glabrous, glossy Lenticellate Glabrous, glossy Lenticellate and Glabrous, dull;
pubescent becoming finely
lenticellate
Canarium betamponae , sp. nov. is part of a complex of species including C. galokense , sp.nov. , C, globosum , sp. nov. , C.manongarivum , sp. nov. and C. subsidarium , sp. nov. that have 3-5-jugate leaves with short stipular scars (except C. manongarivum , sp. nov. ), relatively small leaflets that are often oblong, and relatively small fruits. They are compared in Table 1 .