Mitinha and Tamanduamyia, two new genera of Mythicomyiinae (Diptera, Mythicomyiidae) from northeast Brazil Author Rafael, J. A. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, INPA, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Caixa Postal 2223, 69080 - 971 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. E-mail: jarafael @ inpa. gov. br Author Limeira-De-Oliveira, F. Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Laboratório de Estudos dos Invertebrados, 65604 - 380, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil. text Zootaxa 2014 2014-07-07 3827 4 591 598 journal article 5312 10.11646/zootaxa.3827.4.9 bc5f7c6e-ffec-4b54-8b61-2371f151bce1 1175-5326 4920784 0DA04CAF-C611-440A-A6C1-37043AE02CC0 Tamanduamyia , gen. nov. Type-species: Tamanduamyia bandeira , sp. nov. by present designation. Gender feminine. Diagnosis. This genus has typical Mythicomyiinae wing venation: vein R 2+3 ending in R 1 before junction with costa forming a small triangular cell r 1 and vein R 4+5 ending in costa at a level clearly beyond end of vein M 2 ( Fig. 16 ). It can be separated from other genera in the subfamily by the following combination of characters: postcranium extremely developed with a well-developed semicircular keel connecting postgenae ( Fig. 12 ); oral cavity with distinct ventral sulcus; only one flagellomere with minute inconspicuous distal stylus ( Figs 14, 15 ); rather robust setae on ocellar tubercle, pronotum, postpronotal lobe, posterior dorsocentral, notopleuron, supra-alar, postalar and scutellum; costal vein circumambient; R 4+5 rather straight; r-m crossvein placed slightly before basal quarter of cell dm; cell dm short; cross vein dm-cu slightly longer than m-m crossvein; vein M 1 rather straight, almost two times cell dm length; A 1 short, incomplete, ending at level of alular incision; anal lobe not keel-shaped ( Fig. 16 ); vaginal furca translucent, undefined shape, with small sclerotized sclerite distally ( Fig. 19 ); three spermathecae; sperm pump ( Fig. 20 ) elongate, coniform; each duct elongate with no apparent modifications, ending in thin elongate spermathecal reservoir folded in half on itself with each half thin, elongate, of equal width, extremely thin at fold ( Fig. 20 ). Etymology . The generic epithet Tamanduamyia is a combination of two names. Tamanduá is the common name of the anteater in Brazil and is related to the appearance of the head of this fly and the tamanduá is also the symbol of the Parque Nacional Serra das Confusões; myia from Greek µυια, meaning fly. Distribution . State of Piauí , Brazil , Parque Nacional Serra das Confusões, one of the more arid places in northeast Brazil , with typical Caatinga vegetation. Discussion . Within Mythicomyiinae , Tamanduamyia differs from all other genera by having only one flagellomere with an inconspicuous minute stylus placed distally, by the extremely elongated postcranium, by the oral cavity with a distinct ventral sulcus and by the spermathecal reservoir folded upon itself. The postcranium looks very much like the platypygine genera Cephalodromia Becker and Cyrtisiopsis Séguy , both Old World genera ( Greathead & Evenhuis 2001 ). It differs from both platypygine genera by the typical mythicomyiine wing venation with a small triangular submarginal cell formed by vein R 2+3 ending in R 1 before the costal vein.