<document id="39C7894FC4CDEA48A1AC27B1A1C9F5E3" ID-DOI="10.13133/2284-4880/545" ID-ISSN="2284-4880" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12764154" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1721242503917" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Ballerio, Alberto" docDate="2021" docId="0F7475501148FFF1FF09ACA418409328" docLanguage="en" docName="FragEntomol.53.2.105-282.pdf" docOrigin="Fragmenta entomologica 53 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.13133/2284-4880/545" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8499FF4308F512386C0E43DC290A16BD.1:FragEntomol.2021-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="8499FF4308F512386C0E43DC290A16BD" docStyleName="FragEntomol.2021-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Synarmostes annamariae Ballerio, 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="123" masterDocId="F34D0D28115AFFE2FF9EAF31192A9224" masterDocTitle="The Ceratocanthinae of Madagascar and Comoro Islands: a revision of the genera Synarmostes and Goudotostes, and of the flightless Philharmostes, with description of 64 new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea, Hybosoridae)" masterLastPageNumber="282" masterPageNumber="105" pageNumber="123" updateTime="1721247602959" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-4.0">
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<mods:title id="3F5F48CDBE6933FD75C8E2EF26FAF7D2">The Ceratocanthinae of Madagascar and Comoro Islands: a revision of the genera Synarmostes and Goudotostes, and of the flightless Philharmostes, with description of 64 new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea, Hybosoridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CF2235E62F435D7C426C5B5A0923FB91">Ballerio, Alberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="CEFD78D43BB8D977092783DBBFF76F0A">Fragmenta entomologica</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2674E66AFA8CFD83B67CEC15943CFA03">
<mods:date id="2048DC5E337BE034494FD60C39D3F639">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DE1CE783843F16C3289957A739D04463">2021-11-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7A0670ABFBB911425468CD06E021A759">2</mods:number>
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<taxonomicName id="40DDBFC51148FFF0FF09ACA4188C9188" ID-CoL="8SSRV" authorityName="Ballerio" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,422,917,940]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Synarmostes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annamariae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5A918541148FFF0FF09ACA4188C9188" box="[151,422,917,940]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Synarmostes annamariae</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="AE9AA52F1148FFF0FE32ACA51B289188" box="[428,514,916,940]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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(
<figureCitation id="1FE6D8C31148FFF0FF01AC8519C891E8" box="[159,226,948,972]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,181,1859,1878]" captionTargetBox="[169,1443,168,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[148,1455,164,1859]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4 – Heads of Synarmostes in ventral, lateral and dorsal views (not to scale) in order to show the extent of ocular area, a–c, Synarmostes tibialis (example of large–sized ventral ocular area); d–f, Synarmostes annamariae sp. nov. (example of medium–sized ventral ocular area); g–i, Synarmostes fortis sp. nov. (example of small–sized ventral ocular area and vestigial dorsal ocular area); j–l, Synarmostes benaraensis sp. nov. (example of small–sized ventral ocular area)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12764172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12764172/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Figs 4</figureCitation>
d-f, 15 a-d, 32 a-c, 35) http://zoobank.org/ 
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 
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<emphasis id="B5A918541148FFF0FF09AB0518309668" bold="true" box="[151,282,1076,1100]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Type series.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="37B5CE1B1148FFF0FEBEAB0519E79768" collectingDate="2001-01-20" collectingDateMax="2001-01-26" collectingDateMin="2001-01-20" collectorName="San Francisco, CA &amp; Fisher &amp; Griswold" country="Madagascar" county="California Acad. of Sciences" determinerName="A. Ballerio" elevation="925" latitude="-12.534445" location="Academy of Sciences" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="49.179447" municipality="d'Antisiranana Parc National Montagne d'Ambre" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="58667AE41148FFF0FEBEAB0518AE9668" box="[288,388,1076,1100]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, 
<specimenCount id="91DB0FCF1148FFF0FE10AB04188E9668" box="[398,420,1077,1100]" count="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
, deposited in the collection of the 
<collectingRegion id="45190AA41148FFF0FF09AB65182B9648" box="[151,257,1108,1132]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">California</collectingRegion>
<location id="8202929D1148FFF0FE98AB6518C19648" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F7475501148FFF1FF09ACA418409328:8202929D1148FFF0FE98AB6518C19648" box="[262,491,1108,1132]" country="Madagascar" county="California Acad. of Sciences" latitude="-12.534445" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="49.179447" municipality="d'Antisiranana Parc National Montagne d'Ambre" name="Academy of Sciences" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" stateProvince="California">Academy of Sciences</location>
, 
<collectorName id="2A28A1901148FFF0FE68AB651B979648" box="[502,701,1108,1132]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">San Francisco, CA</collectorName>
, USA, labelled as follows: / CASTYPE 20243 / 
<collectingCountry id="FFCA84D61148FFF0FDA0AB451BEB96A8" box="[574,705,1140,1164]" name="Madagascar" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
: 
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Province 
<collectingMunicipality id="67065E3C1148FFF0FF54ABA51B449689" box="[202,622,1172,1197]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">d’Antisiranana Parc National Montagne</collectingMunicipality>
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d’Ambre, 
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<quantity id="402569A31148FFF0FD7CABA5199096E8" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" unit="km" value="3.6">3.6 km</quantity>
235° SW Joffreville
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elev. 
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<date id="F363E2861148FFF0FD81AB851BE396E8" box="[543,713,1204,1228]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" value="2001-01-20" valueMax="2001-01-26" valueMin="2001-01-20">
<collectingDate id="E3271B6E1148FFF0FD81AB851BE396E8" box="[543,713,1204,1228]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" value="2001-01-20" valueMax="2001-01-26" valueMin="2001-01-20">20-26 Jan. 2001</collectingDate>
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/ 
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coll. 
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, 
<collectorName id="2A28A1901148FFF0FD8CABE51B5996C8" box="[530,627,1236,1260]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Griswold</collectorName>
et al. 
<collectingCounty id="6E03BCCA1148FFF0FD2FABE518519728" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">California Acad. of Sciences</collectingCounty>
sifted litter montane rainforest code: BLF2564 / 
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<emphasis id="B5A918541148FFF0FE8CAA241B319708" box="[274,539,1301,1324]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Synarmostes annamariae</emphasis>
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det. 2009
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/. 
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<typeStatus id="58667AE41148FFF0FF79AA0418679769" box="[231,333,1333,1357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
[
<specimenCount id="91DB0FCF1148FFF0FEC5AA0518B29768" box="[347,408,1332,1356]" count="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
dissected]: 
<specimenCount id="91DB0FCF1148FFF0FD8BAA041B7A9768" box="[533,592,1333,1356]" count="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" type="female">7 ♀♀</specimenCount>
and 
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(
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<collectionCode id="E1CC5C831148FFF0FF09AA6519F69748" box="[151,220,1364,1388]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">CASC</collectionCode>
and 
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<collectionCode id="E1CC5C831148FFF0FEA3AA6518A29748" box="[317,392,1364,1388]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">ABCB</collectionCode>
), same collecting data as holotype. / 
<specimenCount id="91DB0FCF1148FFF0FF09AA4519FB97A8" box="[151,209,1396,1420]" count="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" type="female">8 ♀♀</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="91DB0FCF1148FFF0FE9FAA44181197A8" box="[257,315,1397,1420]" count="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" type="male">7 ♂♂</specimenCount>
(
<quantity id="402569A31148FFF0FED7AA45184597A8" box="[329,367,1396,1420]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
<collectionCode id="E1CC5C831148FFF0FEEBAA45189097A8" box="[373,442,1396,1420]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">CASC</collectionCode>
and 
<quantity id="402569A31148FFF0FE74AA451B3A97A8" box="[490,528,1396,1420]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" unit="in" value="6.0">6 in</quantity>
<collectionCode id="E1CC5C831148FFF0FD8AAA451B4B97A8" box="[532,609,1396,1420]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">ABCB</collectionCode>
): / 
<collectingCountry id="FFCA84D61148FFF0FDE3AA451A2A97A8" box="[637,768,1396,1420]" name="Madagascar" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
: 
<location id="8202929D1148FFF0FF09AAA51BB29789" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F7475501148FFF1FF09ACA418409328:8202929D1148FFF0FF09AAA51BB29789" box="[151,664,1428,1453]" country="Madagascar" municipality="d'Antisiranana Parc National Montagne d'Ambre" name="Province d'Antisiranana Parc National Montagne" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">
Province 
<collectingMunicipality id="67065E3C1148FFF0FF67AAA51BB29789" box="[249,664,1428,1453]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">d’Antisiranana Parc National Montagne</collectingMunicipality>
</location>
d’Ambre, 
<locationDeviation id="96D0DD641148FFF0FF08AA85189697E8" box="[150,444,1460,1484]" location="Joffreville" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">
<quantity id="402569A31148FFF0FF08AA8519CB97E8" box="[150,225,1460,1484]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" unit="km" value="3.6">3.6 km</quantity>
235° SW Joffreville
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elev. 
<quantity id="402569A31148FFF0FE62AA851B6B97E8" box="[508,577,1460,1484]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" unit="m" value="925.0">
<elevation id="0CF023751148FFF0FE62AA851B6B97E8" box="[508,577,1460,1484]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" unit="m" value="925.0">925 m</elevation>
</quantity>
<date id="F363E2861148FFF0FDD6AA851BD997E8" box="[584,755,1460,1484]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" value="2001-01-20" valueMax="2001-01-26" valueMin="2001-01-20">
<collectingDate id="E3271B6E1148FFF0FDD6AA851BD997E8" box="[584,755,1460,1484]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" value="2001-01-20" valueMax="2001-01-26" valueMin="2001-01-20">20-26 Jan. 2001</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
/ 
<materialsCitation id="37B5CE1B1148FFF0FF09AAE51B8A9468" collectingDate="2003-03-01" collectionCode="MHNG" collectorName="Fisher &amp; Griswold &amp; California Acad. &amp; Mt. Ambre N. P." country="Madagascar" latitude="-12.534445" location="Mt. Ambre" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="49.179447" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
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<geoCoordinate id="E2E9A2811148FFF0FE84AAE5189997C8" box="[282,435,1492,1516]" degrees="049" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" precision="15" seconds="46" value="49.179447">049° 10’ 46” E</geoCoordinate>
coll. 
<collectorName id="2A28A1901148FFF0FE72AAE51B0597C8" box="[492,559,1492,1516]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Fisher</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="2A28A1901148FFF0FDA6AAE51BB397C8" box="[568,665,1492,1516]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Griswold</collectorName>
et al. 
<collectorName id="2A28A1901148FFF0FD48AAE518089428" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">California Acad.</collectorName>
<collectingMethod id="5E9CBC511148FFF0FEB7AAC51B339428" box="[297,537,1524,1548]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">of Sciences pitfall trap</collectingMethod>
in montane rainforest code: BLF2565 /. 
<specimenCount id="91DB0FCF1148FFF0FEC2A92518B09408" box="[348,410,1556,1580]" count="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="91DB0FCF1148FFF0FE4FA92518D69408" box="[465,508,1556,1580]" count="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="E1CC5C831148FFF0FD92A9251B499408" box="[524,611,1556,1580]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" type="Museum">MHNG</collectionCode>
): / 
<collectingCountry id="FFCA84D61148FFF0FDE0A9251A2A9408" box="[638,768,1556,1580]" name="Madagascar" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectorName id="2A28A1901148FFF0FF09A90418159468" box="[151,319,1588,1612]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">
<location id="8202929D1148FFF0FF09A90418219468" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F7475501148FFF1FF09ACA418409328:8202929D1148FFF0FF09A90418219468" box="[151,267,1588,1612]" country="Madagascar" latitude="-12.534445" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="49.179447" name="Mt. Ambre" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Mt. Ambre</location>
N.P.
</collectorName>
0, 
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NE camp site 
<date id="F363E2861148FFF0FDB0A9051B8A9468" box="[558,672,1588,1612]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" value="2003-03-01">
<collectingDate id="E3271B6E1148FFF0FDB0A9051B8A9468" box="[558,672,1588,1612]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" value="2003-03-01">01.iii.2003</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
&lt;
<geoCoordinate id="E2E9A2811148FFF0FD29A90519F29448" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" precision="15" seconds="50" value="-12.530556">12° 31’ 50” S</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="E2E9A2811148FFF0FF78A96518579448" box="[230,381,1620,1644]" degrees="49" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" precision="15" seconds="25" value="49.17361">49° 10’ 25” E</geoCoordinate>
&gt; 
<quantity id="402569A31148FFF0FE0AA96518CC9448" box="[404,486,1620,1644]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
leg. G. Cuccodoro #4a ex moist leaf litter in forest /.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFC797CD1148FFF0FF23A9A51D979388" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8762C4461148FFF0FF23A9A51D979388" blockId="18.[150,772,1076,1932]" lastBlockId="18.[831,1452,180,1933]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis id="B5A918541148FFF0FF23A9A518079488" bold="true" box="[189,301,1684,1708]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40DDBFC51148FFF0FEADA9A41B129488" authorityName="Ballerio" authorityYear="2021" box="[307,568,1685,1708]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Synarmostes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annamariae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5A918541148FFF0FEADA9A41B129488" box="[307,568,1685,1708]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Synarmostes annamariae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B5A918541148FFF0FDA0A9A51BBB9488" bold="true" box="[574,657,1684,1708]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AE9AA52F1148FFF0FDA0A9A51BBB9488" box="[574,657,1684,1708]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
can be differentiated from all other species of 
<taxonomicName id="40DDBFC51148FFF0FD93A9841BBA94E8" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1843" box="[525,656,1717,1740]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Synarmostes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5A918541148FFF0FD93A9841BBA94E8" box="[525,656,1717,1740]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Synarmostes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the following combination of characters: a) medium size, b) ventral ocular area medium-sized, c) dorsal ocular area present, d) dorsal setation absent (20×), e) flightlessness, f) pronotum without callosities on disc, g) pronotum with discal punctation consisting of short strongly impressed dense transverse punctures (so short to look like large simple punctures), h) elytra with inner longitudinal carina occupying median and distal third, i) dorsal outline of rolled up beetle elongate subovoidal, j) carinae of elytral apical third irregular (with some weak tubercles or other irregularities), k) parameres with apical portion enlarged. 
<taxonomicName id="40DDBFC51148FFF0FBD8AE041C679368" authorityName="Ballerio" authorityYear="2021" box="[1094,1357,309,332]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Synarmostes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annamariae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B5A918541148FFF0FBD8AE041C679368" box="[1094,1357,309,332]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Synarmostes annamariae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B5A918541148FFF0FAC9AE051C819368" bold="true" box="[1367,1451,308,332]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AE9AA52F1148FFF0FAC9AE051C819368" box="[1367,1451,308,332]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
belongs to the 
<taxonomicName id="40DDBFC51148FFF0FC55AE651D3A9348" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[971,1040,340,364]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Synarmostes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="B5A918541148FFF0FC55AE651D3A9348" box="[971,1040,340,364]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group of species and can be distinguished from the other species of the group thanks to the combination of the characters e), f), g), h), i) and k).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFC797CD1148FFF0FCFBAE851C1E9448" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" type="description">
<paragraph id="8762C4461148FFF0FCFBAE851C1E9448" blockId="18.[831,1452,180,1933]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis id="B5A918541148FFF0FCFBAE851ADA93E8" bold="true" box="[869,1008,436,460]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Description.</emphasis>
Size: HL = 
<quantity id="402569A31148FFF0FB15AE851DCC93E8" box="[1163,1254,436,460]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
; HW = 
<quantity id="402569A31148FFF0FAD2AE851C8D93E8" box="[1356,1447,436,460]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
; PL = 
<quantity id="402569A31148FFF0FC1EAEE51AF293C8" box="[896,984,468,492]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
; PW = 
<quantity id="402569A31148FFF0FBAEAEE51DA393C8" box="[1072,1161,468,492]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
; EL = 
<quantity id="402569A31148FFF0FB46AEE51C1B93C8" box="[1240,1329,468,492]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
; EW = 
<quantity id="402569A31148FFF0FA14AEE51A469028" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
. Overall morphology as in generic diagnosis. Medium-sized flightless 
<taxonomicName id="40DDBFC51148FFF0FB87AD241D8A9008" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1843" box="[1049,1184,533,556]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Synarmostes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5A918541148FFF0FB87AD241D8A9008" box="[1049,1184,533,556]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Synarmostes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Body moderately convex. Black with dark bronze sheen, shiny, dorsum with setigerous punctures bearing an extremely short simple seta (50×), underside, tarsi and antennae reddish-brown, setation yellowish. 
<emphasis id="B5A918541148FFF0FB8CADA51D669088" box="[1042,1100,660,684]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Head</emphasis>
: W/L ratio = 1.52; clypeal apex obtuse, apical projection hardly appreciable; dorsal ocular area small, interocular distance about 18 times the maximum width of dorsal ocular area, ventral ocular area medium-sized, head dorsal surface with disc covered by dense strongly impressed large simple punctation becoming comma-shaped centrifugally, mixed to some extremely shallow fine punctures. Fore margin with some transverse large comma-shaped punctures. Interpunctural distance of simple impressed punctures once or twice larger than the punctural diameter. Vertex with a deep transverse line interrupted in the middle. 
<emphasis id="B5A918541148FFF0FB0DACC41DD79628" box="[1171,1277,1013,1036]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Pronotum</emphasis>
: subrectangular (W/L ratio = 2.00), regularly convex, uniformly covered by large strongly impressed simple and short transverse comma-shaped punctures. Interpunctural distance shorter than punctural diameter. 
<taxonomicName id="40DDBFC51148FFF0FBC8AB451D9596A8" box="[1110,1215,1140,1164]" class="Trilobita" family="Styginidae" genus="Scutellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Corynexochida" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B5A918541148FFF0FBC8AB451D9596A8" box="[1110,1215,1140,1164]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Scutellum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: almost smooth near base, apically covered by few small impressed transverse comma-shaped punctures. 
<emphasis id="B5A918541148FFF0FBFCAB851D8996E8" box="[1122,1187,1204,1228]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Elytra</emphasis>
: longer than wide (W/L ratio = 0.85); subovoidal (dorsal view); inferior sutural stria reaching the humeral area; humeral callus indistinct; elytral surface regularly convex, uniformly covered by impressed punctation. Punctures transverse comma-shaped near base and sides of elytra, becoming longitudinal comma-shaped on medial third and horseshoe-shaped with a broad opening directed backwards on distal third. Elytral distal third with at least eight raised longitudinal irregular carinae sometimes with a longitudinal impressed line between them (the inner longitudinal carina occupying median and distal third). 
<emphasis id="B5A918541148FFF0FBD4A9241DBE9408" box="[1098,1172,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Wings:</emphasis>
flightless. 
<emphasis id="B5A918541148FFF0FA96A9251C8E9408" box="[1288,1444,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Male genitalia</emphasis>
: aedeagus (L = 
<quantity id="402569A31148FFF0FC7EA9051D1E9468" box="[992,1076,1588,1612]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
) with parameres as in 
<figureCitation id="1FE6D8C31148FFF0FAB4A9051C519468" box="[1322,1403,1588,1612]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="44.[151,181,1885,1904]" captionTargetBox="[199,1426,228,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-13@44.[161,1449,204,1854]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Fig. 32 – Aedeagi and spicula gastrales, a–c, Synarmostes annamariae sp. nov., paratype; d–e, Synarmostes eugenii sp. nov., holotype; f–h, Synarmostes parrilloi sp. nov., holotype; i–j, Synarmostes occidentalis sp. nov., holotype; k–m, Synarmostes zahamenae sp. nov., holotype; n–p, Synarmostes niger, paratype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12764237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12764237/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Figs 32</figureCitation>
a-b, spiculum gastrale (L = 
<quantity id="402569A31148FFF0FBA8A9651DA39448" box="[1078,1161,1620,1644]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
) as in 
<figureCitation id="1FE6D8C31148FFF0FB51A9651C1A9448" box="[1231,1328,1620,1644]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="44.[151,181,1885,1904]" captionTargetBox="[199,1426,228,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-13@44.[161,1449,204,1854]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Fig. 32 – Aedeagi and spicula gastrales, a–c, Synarmostes annamariae sp. nov., paratype; d–e, Synarmostes eugenii sp. nov., holotype; f–h, Synarmostes parrilloi sp. nov., holotype; i–j, Synarmostes occidentalis sp. nov., holotype; k–m, Synarmostes zahamenae sp. nov., holotype; n–p, Synarmostes niger, paratype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12764237" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12764237/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Fig. 32 c</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFC797CD1148FFF0FCFBA9451DF19488" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8762C4461148FFF0FCFBA9451DF19488" blockId="18.[831,1452,180,1933]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis id="B5A918541148FFF0FCFBA9451ACC94A8" bold="true" box="[869,998,1652,1676]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Etymology.</emphasis>
Noun in the genitive case. Dedicated to the memory of my mother Annamaria.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFC797CD1148FFF1FCFBA98518409328" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8762C4461148FFF1FCFBA98518409328" blockId="18.[831,1452,180,1933]" lastBlockId="19.[136,756,180,269]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis id="B5A918541148FFF0FCFBA9851DAB94E8" bold="true" box="[869,1153,1716,1740]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
Known only from the 
<typeStatus id="58667AE41148FFF0FAE0A9841C8194E9" box="[1406,1451,1717,1741]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">type</typeStatus>
locality (Montagne d’Ambre at the northern tip of 
<collectingCountry id="FFCA84D61148FFF0FAF9A9E51AAC9528" name="Madagascar" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
). The 
<typeStatus id="58667AE41148FFF0FC5BA9C41AD89529" box="[965,1010,1781,1805]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123">type</typeStatus>
series was collected by sifting leaf litter in montane rainforest. The Montagne d’Ambre is an isolated volcanic massif, which enjoys a moister climate compared to the surrounding areas. The vegetation cover consists of “moist evergreen forest” (
<bibRefCitation id="E34CB9B71148FFF0FBD4A8451C0D95A8" author="Goodman S. M. &amp; Raherilalao M. J. &amp; Wohlhauser S." box="[1098,1319,1908,1932]" pageId="18" pageNumber="123" refId="ref102713" refString="Goodman S. M., Raherilalao M. J., Wohlhauser S. (eds). 2018. Les aires potegees terrestres de Madagascar: leur histoire, description et biote / The terrestrial protected areas of Madagascar: their history, description and biota. Association Vahatra, Antananarivo. 1716 pp." type="book" year="2018">Goodman et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
) also known as “humid forest” (
<bibRefCitation id="E34CB9B71149FFF1FEC2AF851B6E92E8" author="Moat J. &amp; Smith P." box="[348,580,180,204]" pageId="19" pageNumber="124" refId="ref103114" refString="Moat J., Smith P. 2007. Atlas of the vegetation of Madagascar. Royal Botanic Garden, Kew 124 pp." type="book" year="2007">Moat &amp; Smith 2007</bibRefCitation>
). The collecting localities fall within the protected area “Parc National de Montagne d’Ambre”.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>