Revision and phylogeny of the genus Loxoneptera Hampson, 1896 (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Pyraustinae), based on morphology and molecular data Author Xiang, Lanbin School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China Author Chen, Kai School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China Author Zhang, Dandan School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China & School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China zhdd61@163.com text ZooKeys 2021 2021-05-05 1036 75 98 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1036.63814 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1036.63814 1313-2970-1036-75 B6A437B0E1B54E67B52653084C5185FE C84501F710F75030AD2C010EE307414D Loxoneptera hampsoni Chen & Zhang nom. nov. Figs 2 , 3 , 15 , 26 Loxoneptera carnealis Hampson, 1896: 406, fig. 219 (a junior secondary homonym of Notaspis carnealis Swinhoe, 1895). TL: India (Sikkim). TD: NHMUK. Material examined. Type material . Type ♂ , Sikkim , O. Mueller [Coll.], Pyralidae Brit. Mus. Slide No. 9752 (NHMUK) . Figures 2-9. Adults of Loxoneptera spp. 2 L. hampsoni nom. nov., male ( Tibet ) 3 L. hampsoni nom. nov., female ( Hainan ) 4 L. albicostalis , male ( Yunnan ) 5 L. crassiuncata sp. nov., paratype , male ( Yunnan ) 6 L. carnealis , male ( Yunnan ) 7 L. triangularis sp. nov., holotype , male ( Yunnan ) 8 L. rectacerosa sp. nov., holotype , male ( Yunnan ) 9 L. medialis , male ( Guangdong ). Scale bars: 5.0 mm. Figures 10-13. Adults of Loxoneptera spp. 10 L. pentasaris , holotype , male ( India ) 11 L. bipunctalis , type, male ( India ) 12 L. brevipalpis , holotype , male ( India ) 13 L. dichroma , type, male ( India ). Scale bars: 5.0 mm. Other material examined . China . Hainan : 1♂ , Mt. Limushan , 5.V.2011 , leg. Zhang Dandan & Yang Lijun ; 1♂ 1♀ , Mt. Limushan , 6.V.2011 , leg. Zhang Dandan & Yang Lifeng , genitalia slide no. SYSU0117 ( ♂ ), no. SYSU0130 ( ♀ ) ; 1♂ 1♀ , Mt. Limushan , 19.17°N , 109.73°E , alt. 662 m , 20.V.2013 , leg. Li Jinwei , genitalia slide no. SYSU0929 ( ♂ ), no. SYSU0991 ( ♀ ), molecular voucher no. LEP0166 ( ♂ ), no. LEP0174 ( ♀ ) . Yunnan : 2♂ , Mengla , Xishuangbanna , 4, 6.X.2004 , leg. R. L. Kitching , genitalia slide no. FCEL0003 (FCEL) . Tibet : 1♂ , 80K, Medog County , 29.66°N , 95.49°E , alt. 2059 m , 8.VIII.2017 , leg. Qi Mujie & Yang Xiaofei (NKU) ; 1♀ , Beibeng Village , Medog County , 29.24°N , 95.17°E , alt. 987 m , 12.VIII.2017 , leg. Qi Mujie & Yang Xiaofei (NKU) ; 1♀ , Beibeng Village , Medog County , 29.25°N , 95.18°E , alt. 810 m , 15.VIII.2017 , leg. Qi Mujie & Yang Xiaofei (NKU) . Diagnosis. Loxoneptera hampsoni is easily distinguished from other Loxoneptera species as follows: forewing with distinct, black-brown and point-like orbicular and reniform stigmata, bearing pale yellow stripes between veins, and veins with ochre-brown scales forming streaks; dorsal sella with a long and slender rod-shaped extension in the male genitalia. Redescription. Head . Frons brown, with white lateral bands. Vertex brown, mixed with some white erected scales. Labial palpus dark brown, with white scales on ventral side. Maxillary palpus brown. Antennae brown. Thorax . Dorsal side, patagia and tegula yellowish brown, ventral side grey white. Foreleg yellowish brown, dorsal tarsus grey white; ventral femur and tibia of midleg and hindleg grey white, others pale yellow. Wings . Wingspan 29.0-36.0 mm. Forewing termen straight, a small triangular indentation presented on 1/3 of posterior margin in male, and with a group of black-brown scales; yellowish brown, mixed with ochre-brown scales, pale yellow stripes presented between veins, and veins covered with ochre-brown scales forming streaks; orbicular stigma appearing as a black point, reniform stigma black, small and round; fringe white, basal 1/5 black-brown. Hindwing in male black-brown on terminal area, remaining areas pale yellow, a triangular patch present near posterior angle of cell, slightly concave and densely covered with pale brown scales; in female pale yellow, mixed with ochre-brown scales on termen; fringe brown in male, pale yellow in female. Abdomen . Dorsal side of abdomen black-brown, ventral side grey white; 5th abdominal segment with a group of pale yellow scales on each side in male; sternite VIII in male slightly sclerotised with two pointed anterolateral processes. Male genitalia (Fig. 15 ). Uncus somewhat wide and short, distally narrowly rounded, without setae. Saccus narrow. Dorsal projection of transtilla relatively thick and slightly curved, ~ 1/2 length of costa, distally bearing hair almost as long as projection. Valva with dorsal margin slightly concave, ventral margin nearly paralleled with dorsal margin, apex truncate; costa wide; dorsal sella membranous, rod-shaped, rather slender, and fragile; ventral sella sclerotised, with a somewhat straight, hook-shaped process; dorso-distal sella with a pointed process extended beyond ventral margin of valva; sacculus broad. Juxta heart-shaped, middle part concave inwardly, with wide arms. Phallus with vesica bearing two groups of spine-shaped cornuti, one longer and curved, another short and straight. Figures 14-19. 14 The sternite VIII in male of L. albicostalis 15-19 Male genitalia of Loxoneptera spp. 15 L. hampsoni nom. nov., Hainan (genitalia slide no. SYSU0929) 16 L. albicostalis , Yunnan (genitalia slide no. ZDD12108) 17 L. crassiuncata sp. nov., Yunnan (genitalia slide no. FCEL0010) 18 L. carnealis , Guizhou (genitalia slide no. SYSU0165) 19 L. triangularis sp. nov., Yunnan (genitalia slide no. FCEL0004). Scale bars: 1.0 mm. Figures 20-25. Male genitalia of Loxoneptera spp. 20 L. rectacerosa sp. nov., Yunnan (genitalia slide no. ZDD12059) 21 L. medialis , Guangdong (genitalia slide no. SYSU0987) 22 L. pentasaris , India ( Pyralidae Brit. Mus. Slide No. 9747) 23 L. bipunctalis , India ( Pyralidae Brit. Mus. Slide No. 9750) 24 L. brevipalpis , India ( Pyralidae Brit. Mus. Slide No. 9748) 25 L. dichroma , India ( Pyralidae Brit. Mus. Slide No. 9749). Scale bars: 1.0 mm. Female genitalia (Fig. 26 ). Anterior apophyses 1.5 x as long as posterior apophyses. Lamella postvaginalis with weakly sclerotised transversely wrinkles, with dense and tiny spines; lamella antevaginalis with two curved and sclerotised notches. Antrum weakly sclerotised, cup-shaped, width 3 x as long as length; colliculum well developed and heavily sclerotised, expanded in middle part, length of colliculum ~ 1/3 of ductus bursae; ductus bursae slightly longer than length of corpus bursae; corpus bursae oval, appendix bursae arising from lateral side, small; signum broadly rhomboid, maximal length less than half width of corpus bursae, carina well-developed, laterally bearing with dense tiny spines, other two arms short and stout. Figures 26-28. Female genitalia of Loxoneptera spp. 26 L. hampsoni nom. nov., Hainan (genitalia slide no. SYSU0991) 27 L. carnealis , Yunnan (genitalia slide no. SYSU0985) 28 L. medialis , Guangdong (genitalia slide no. SYSU0990). Scale bars: 1.0 mm. Distribution. China (Hainan, Yunnan, Tibet), India. Etymology. The species is renamed after the last name of George Hampson, who proposed the genus Loxoneptera in 1896. Remarks. According to the characters of the male and female genitalia, Calamochrous carnealis (Swinhoe, 1895) is transferred to Loxoneptera in this paper, which creates a secondary homonym of Loxoneptera carnealis Hampson, 1896, the type species of Loxoneptera . The specific name of Loxoneptera carnealis Hampson, 1896 is not valid, therefore we give it a new replacement name, i.e., Loxoneptera hampsoni nom. nov.