A Revision of the Australian Funnel-web Spiders (Hexathelidae: Atracinae)
Author
Gray, Michael R.
text
Records of the Australian Museum
2010
2010-11-24
62
3
285
392
http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1556
journal article
10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1556
2201-4349
5298014
Hadronyche monaro
n.sp.
Figures 47–49;
Table 14
Etymology
. The specific epithet refers to the Monaro region of
New South Wales
.
Figure 47.
Hadronyche monaro
, male: (
A
) sternum, labium and
Types
.
Holotype
male:AMS KS8744, Sawpit Creek, Kosciuszko National maxilla; (
B
) cephalothorax and chelicerae, lateral; (
C
) spinnerets; Park,
New South Wales
,
28°22'S
152°49'E
, J. Gold,
February 1982
. (
D
) cheliceral groove teeth; (
E
) cephalothorax and chelicerae,
Paratypes
(all AM).
New South Wales
.
Males
:AMS KS6647, Sawpit Creek, dorsal; (
F
) palp, prolateral; (
G
) leg II, prolateral. Scale lines
1 mm
.
Male
(
holotype
) —
Size
. Carapace length 6.23, width 6.08. inferior 1, 0. Trichobothria legs I, II: tarsus 11, 8; metatarsus Abdomen length 7.24, width 5.23. —
Colour
. Basic colour 13, 10; tibia p6 r6, p5 r5. —
Leg spination
. Leg I: femur d9, pattern. —
Carapace
. Slightly longer than wide, cephalic patella 2 (p1 v1), tibia 25, metatarsus 23, tarsus 9. Leg II: area moderately raised. Height 2.95. Frontal width 4.67. femur d6, patella p2, tibia 7, metatarsus 13, tarsus 9. Leg III: Fovea procurved, anterior margin weakly notched. Mid- femur d2, patella 12 (p10 r2), tibia 17 (p4 r4), metatarsus dorsal cephalic setae do not reach fovea. Anterior strial 25, tarsus 13. Leg IV: femur d4 (bristle-like), patella r1, tibia setae absent. Anterolateral carapace angle with small, weak 6 (p1 r3), metatarsus 23, tarsus 21. —
Abdomen
. Sparsely bristles. —
Eyes
. Central eye region slightly raised. Eye group covered with weak bristles and hairs. Posterior lateral width 1.76. Median ocular quadrangle length 0.66, anterior spinnerets with medium length apical segment. Lengths: total width 0.80, posterior width 1.14. Diameters: AME 0.20, 2.34; basal segment 1.00, middle 0.58; apical 0.76. Apical ALE 0.33, PLE 0.20, PME 0.16. —
Chelicerae
. Cheliceral segment width 0.32. groove short, of medium width, margins diverging distally. Groove length 1.85, middle width 0.41. Cheliceral teeth:
Distribution
. East of the Snowy Mountains in the 19 central, occupying full length of groove; 9 prolateral; Eucumbene/Jindabyne region of
New South Wales
(Fig. 49). 9 retrolateral. —
Labium
. Almost as long as wide, not indented apically. Length 1.28, width 1.29. Labiosternal
Hadronyche mascordi
n.sp.
sigilla narrowed toward midline. Cuspules c. 226, number moderate. —
Sternum
. Ovoid. Length 4.08, width 3.22. Figures 49–52;
Tables 15
,
34
Posterior sigilla oval, broad. —
Palp
. Tegular area wider than long. Embolus of moderate length and width; shaft straight
Etymology
. The species is named for Ramon Mascord— to slightly curved, weakly tapered distally. Distal part of author, photographer and student of Australian spiders. embolus weakly twisted and flange rather short. Embolus
Figure 48.
Hadronyche monaro
, male (
A,D–K
, AMS KS1571, RHS;
B,C
, AMS KS6646): (
A
) palp, prolateral; (
B
) bulb; (
C
) embolus, distal; (
D,E
) distal patella and tibia I—
D
, ventral,
E
, prolateral; (
F,G
) metatarsus I—
F
, ventral,
G
, prolateral; (
H,I
) distal patella and tibia II—
H
, ventral,
I
, prolateral; (
J,K
) metatarsus II—
J
, ventral,
K
, prolateral. Scale lines: 0.2 mm, except
A
0.3 mm and
J
0.1 mm.
Table 14
. Male morphological data—
Hadronyche monaro
(n = 3).
| character |
range |
mean |
character |
range |
mean |
character |
ratio |
| CL* |
6.23–6.43 |
6.33 |
Mt1S |
23–30 |
27 |
CW/CL |
0.97 |
| CW |
6.08–6.20 |
6.14 |
Ta1S* |
7–9 |
8 |
CH/CW |
0.49 |
| CH |
2.95–3.08 |
3.02 |
Ti2S* |
7–11 |
9 |
CFW/CL |
0.74 |
| CFW |
4.65–4.67 |
4.66 |
STC2teeth |
10–11 |
11 |
CHGW/L |
0.21 |
| ChGL |
1.85–1.94 |
1.90 |
BulbL |
2.05–2.19 |
2.14 |
SW/SL |
0.84 |
| ChGW |
0.37–0.41 |
0.39 |
EmbL |
1.34–1.42 |
1.38 |
LL/LW* |
0.97 |
| ChGCT |
19–26 |
23 |
BulbW |
0.81–0.93 |
0.87 |
PLSAPW/L |
0.43 |
| LL |
1.02–1.28 |
1.15 |
EmbmidW |
0.18–0.20 |
0.19 |
BulbW/EmbL |
0.63 |
| LW |
1.07–1.29 |
1.18 |
PalpTibL |
2.50–3.00 |
2.85 |
EmbmidW/L |
0.14 |
| CUSP* |
143–226 |
185 |
PalpTibW |
1.46–1.50 |
1.48 |
PalpTibW/L |
0.52 |
| SL |
3.86–4.08 |
3.96 |
PalpTibS |
0 |
— |
BulbL/TibL |
0.75 |
| SW |
3.22–3.42 |
3.32 |
PalpPatS |
0 |
— |
| PLSAPW |
0.32–0.46 |
0.39 |
PalpFemS |
0–3 |
2 |
| PLSAPL |
0.76–1.06 |
0.91 |
| Fe1S |
2–9 |
6 |
| Pa1S |
2–6 (p1–2) |
5 |
Types
.
Holotype
male:
AMS
KS2065
, Somersby, via Gosford, New South
slightly offset from tegulum. Bulb length 2.19, width 0.93.
Wales
,
33°21'S
151°17'E
,
L. Abra
,
October 1978
.
Paratypes
(all
AM
).
Embolus
length 1.42, midwidth 0.18.
Length
of femur 2.86, New
South Wales.
Males
:
AMS
KS13393
,
Kulnura
,
33°13'S
151°13'E
, 25 patella 1.40, tibia 3.00.
Width
of tibia 1.46.
Spination
: femur
October 1983
;
AMS
KS13401
,
Kulnura
,
33°13'S
151°13'E
,
September 1983
, 2, patella 0, tibia 0. A few sinuous bristles on distal femur.
Nelson
and
Rodgers
;
AMS
KS4102
,
Somersby
,
33°21'S
151°17'E
, 3
October —
Legs
.
4123
.
Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total
1 5.04 2.50 4.12 3.77 2.26 17.69
2 4.76 2.38 3.76 3.47 2.26 16.63
3 4.22 1.81 2.61 3.33 2.31 14.28
4 5.03 2.38 3.69 4.22 2.85 18.17
Tibia I
width 0.94. Femora I and II with dorsal spines. Leg
I unmodified. Tibia II without apophysis, weakly excavated distoventrally; ventral spines grouped in proximal half.
Metatarsus II weakly sinuous with a small spined midventral apophyseal swelling. Metatarsus IV slightly enlarged distally, concavely arched dorsally. Anterior coxal hairs normal. Tarsal scopulae: legs I, II weak; legs III, IV moderate to strong. Distal metatarsal scopulae: legs I–III absent to weak; leg IV moderately developed, extending to midventral Figure 49. Collection records for
Hadronyche monaro
(squares) metatarsus. Tarsal claw teeth legs I, II: superior 11, 10, and
H. mascordi
(circles)
1979,
R
.
Mascord
;
AMS
KS8571
,
Somersby
,
33°21'S
151°17'E
,
12
October
width 1.22.
Diameters
: AME 0.25, ALE 0.42, PLE 0.33, 1981,
L.Abra
;
AMS
KS4108
,
Somersby
,
33°21'S
151°17'E
,
3 October 1979
,
PME
0.30. —
Chelicerae
. Anterodorsal
paturon bristles
K. Mascord
;
AMS
KS991
,
Somersby
,
33°21'S
151°17'E
,
November 1956
,
J.
V
.
Brown
.
AMS
KS7335
,
Somersby
,
33°21'S
151°17'E
, 12
September
rather short.
Cheliceral
groove moderately short and wide, 1956,
J. Brown.
Females
:
AMS
KS15749
,
Kariong
, near
Gosford
,
33°26'S
margins diverging distally.
Groove
length 1.69, middle
151°18'E
,
L. Abra
,
October 1984
;
AMS
KS14381
,
Kulnura
,
33°13'S
width 0.42.
Cheliceral
teeth: 7 central, running full length
151°13'E
,
23 March 1984
, M. Gray;
AMS
KS14757
,
Kariong
,
33°26'S
of groove; 8 prolateral; 6 retrolateral. —
Labium
. Short
—
151°18'E
,
4 June 1984
;
AMS
KS14234
,
Kulnura
,
33°13'S
151°13'E
, 10 length 0.98, width 1.39.
Labium
fused posteromedially with
April 1984
, B. Thomas;
AMS
KS14233
,
Kulnura
,
33°13'S
151°13'E
, 10
April 1984, B. Thomas;
AMS
KS14551
,
Kulnura
,
33°13'S
151°13'E
, 21 sternum.
Labiosternal
sigilla reduced to a weak, transverse
March 1984
, E. Thompson;
AMS
KS14226
,
Kulnura
,
33°13'S
151°13'E
, line suture flanked by two small lateral sigilla.
Cuspules
c.
5 April 1984
;
AMS
KS14547
,
Kariong
,
33°26'S
151°18'E
,
13 April 1984
. 209, covering most of ventral labium, number moderate.
—
Sternum
. Ovoid. Raised anteriorly and continuous with
Other material examined.
New South Wales
(males)
: labium. Length 3.81, width 2.82. Posterior sigilla very small,
AMS
KS13394
,
Kulnura
,
25 October 1983
;
AMS
KS13399
, ovoid to elongate. —
Palp
. Tegular area
slightly wider than
Kulnura
,
September 1983
;
AMS
KS13400
,
Kulnura
, long.
Embolus
shaft short, tapering, weakly curved.
Distal
September 1983
;
AMS
KS13377
,
Somersby
, 14
September
embolus weakly to moderately twisted, often with a subdistal 1983,
K. Gould
;
AMS
KS1929
,
Somersby
,
October 1978
,
L. “notch”.
Embolus
moderately offset from tegulum.
Bulb Abra
;
AMS
KS23333
,
Kulnura–Somersby area
. length 2.10, width 0.84.
Embolus
length 1.34, midwidth
0.15. Length of femur 2.70, patella 1.40, tibia 2.68. Width
Diagnosis
. CL 5.54–6.68 (male). Small
Atracinae
. Differs of tibia 1.22. Spination: femur 1; few weak sinuous bristles from other atracine species in having a short labium (LW/ on distal femur. —
Legs
. 4123.
LL 0.64) that is fused with the sternum posteromedially
Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total (Figs. 50A, 51A).
1 5.11 2.38 3.81 3.03 1.97 16.30
Male
(
holotype
) —
Size
. Carapace length 6.19, width 5.68. 2 4.88 2.42 3.90 2.69 1.89 15.78
3 4.10 1.91 2.95 3.03 2.13 14.12 Abdomen length 6.07, width 4.51. —
Colour
. Basic colour
4 5.08 2.15 4.04 3.81 2.50 17.58 pattern, dark brown to black. Abdomen with 4–5 pairs of small distinct chevron markings on lateral dorsal abdomen.
Tibia I
width 0.88. All femora with dorsal spines. Metatarsus —
Carapace
. Slightly longer than wide, strongly raised.
I normal to slightly thickened proximally. Tibia II lacking Height 3.01. Frontal width 4.63. Fovea procurved. Mid-
apophysis, spines centrally-proximally placed. Metatarsus dorsal cephalic setae numerous, reach fovea. Anterior strial
II weakly sinuous, with a small mid-ventral swelling. setae present. Anterolateral angle of carapace with strong
Coxal hairs normal. Tarsal and distal metatarsal scopulae: bristles. —
Eyes
. Sessile. Eye group width 1.74. Median
weak to absent on legs I, II; well developed on legs III, IV. ocular quadrangle length 0.62, anterior width 0.79, posterior
Tarsal claw teeth legs I, II: superior 13, 13; inferior 6, 5.
Trichobothria legs I, II: tarsus 8, 9; metatarsus 12, 10; tibia
p6 r6, p6 r6. —
Leg spination
. Leg I: femur d4, patella 0,
Figure 51.
Hadronyche mascordi
, female: (
A
) sternum, labium Figure 50.
Hadronyche mascordi
, male: (
A
) sternum, labium and and maxilla; (
B
) cephalothorax and chelicerae, lateral; (
C
) maxilla; (
B
) cephalothorax and chelicerae, lateral; (
C
) cheliceral spermathecae; (
D
) spinnerets; (
E
) cephalothorax and chelicerae, groove teeth; (
D
) cephalothorax and chelicerae, dorsal; (
E
) leg II, dorsal; (
F
) leg III, prolateral, patella, tibia, metatarsus; (
G
) prolateral; (
F
) palp, prolateral; (
G
) spinnerets. Scale lines 1 mm. cheliceral groove teeth. Scale lines 1 mm.
Figure 52.
Hadronyche mascordi
, male (
A,D–K
, AMS KS23333;
B,C
, AMS KS7335): (
A
) palp, prolateral; (
B
) bulb; (
C
) embolus, distal; (
D,E
) distal patella and tibia I—
D
, ventral,
E
, prolateral; (
F,G
) metatarsus I—
F
, ventral,
G
, prolateral; (
H,I
) distal patella and tibia II—
H
, ventral,
I
, prolateral; (
J,K
) metatarsus II—
J
, ventral,
K
, prolateral. Scale lines:
A,E,F,I
, 0.3 mm,
B
1.0 mm,
D,G,H
0.2 mm and
J,K
0.1 mm.
Table 15
. Male morphological data—
Hadronyche mascordi
(n = 8).
| character |
range |
mean |
character |
range |
mean |
character |
ratio |
SD |
| CL* |
5.54–6.68 |
6.27 |
Mt1S |
22–43 |
33 |
CW/CL |
0.97 |
0.061 |
| CW |
5.60–6.26 |
5.96 |
Ta1S |
9–24 |
14 |
CH/CW* |
0.50 |
0.018 |
| CH |
2.83–3.22 |
3.00 |
Ti2S* |
8–13 |
10 |
CFW/CL |
0.77 |
0.036 |
| CFW |
4.63–5.33 |
4.81 |
STC2teeth |
13–14 |
14 |
CHGW/L |
0.22 |
0.022 |
| ChGL |
1.69–1.86 |
1.80 |
BulbL |
1.95–2.13 |
2.06 |
SW/SL |
0.75 |
0.026 |
| ChGW |
0.33–0.46 |
0.40 |
EmbL |
1.25–1.39 |
1.32 |
LL/LW* |
0.64 |
0.051 |
| ChGCT |
7–18 |
12 |
BulbW |
0.84–0.95 |
0.89 |
PLSAPW/L* |
0.51 |
0.066 |
| LL |
0.8–1.03 |
0.94 |
EmbmidW |
0.12–0.16 |
0.14 |
BulbW/EmbL* 0.68 |
0.033 |
| LW |
1.39–1.58 |
1.47 |
PalpTibL |
2.68–3.00 |
2.88 |
EmbmidW/L |
0.11 |
0.008 |
| CUSP |
194–260 |
223 |
PalpTibW |
1.22–1.41 |
1.31 |
PalpTibW/L |
0.45 |
0.01 |
| SL |
3.73–4.35 |
3.95 |
PalpTibS |
0 |
— |
BulbL/TibL |
0.71 |
0.031 |
| SW |
2.70–3.05 |
2.94 |
PalpPatS |
0 |
— |
| PLSAPW |
0.33–0.41 |
0.37 |
PalpFemS |
1–3 |
2 |
| PLSAPL |
0.60–0.87 |
0.75 |
| Fe1S |
2–5 |
4 |
| Pa1S* |
0 |
0 |
tibia 10, metatarsus 30, tarsus 11. Leg II: femur d5, patella patella p4, tibia 8 (p4 r2), metatarsus 23 (p6 r3), tarsus 13. p1, tibia 10, metatarsus 13, tarsus 15. Leg III: femur d2, Leg IV: femur 0, patella 0, tibia 3, metatarsus 21, tarsus patella p4, tibia 10 (p5 r2), metatarsus 19, tarsus 18. Leg 21. —
Abdomen
. Sparse cover of weak hairs and bristles. IV: femur d5, patella 0, tibia 6, metatarsus 20, tarsus 16. Posterior lateral spinnerets with short apical segment. —
Abdomen
. Posterior lateral spinnerets with short apical Lengths: total 2.58, basal segment 1.53, middle 0.82, apical segment. Lengths: total 1.99; basal segment 0.76, middle 0.82.Apical segment width 0.55. —
Genitalia
. Spermathecae 0.50, apical 0.73. Apical width 0.38. short, bluntly conical, lateral margins sloping medially; wide basally, separated by about half basal width. Length 0.75,
Female
(
paratype
AMS KS15749) —
Size
. Carapace
length width 0.68. 7.14, width 7.04.
Abdomen
length 12.50, width 8.78. —
Colour
. Basic
colour pattern. —
Carapace
. Almost
as
Distribution
. Kulnura
/
Somersby region
,
Central
Coast
,
New
wide as long; strongly raised, broad frontally.
Height
3.81;
South Wales
(Fig. 49). frontal width 6.05.
Cephalic
length 5.44.
Fovea
procurved.
Mid-dorsal
cephalic setae reach fovea.
Anterior
strial setae
Comments
. A
female spider from
Kulnura
, NSW was present.
Anterolateral
carapace angle with a few bristles. collected (apparently dead) in her burrow with 14 young —
Eyes
. Central
eye region slightly raised.
Eye
group width (KS14551).
These
“spiderlings” were remarkable because 2.11.
Diameters
: AME 0.22, ALE 0.46, PLE 0.34,
PME
of their large size—their mean carapace length was 4.0 mm, 0.28.
Interdistances
: AME–AME 0.37, AME–ALE 0.20, compared with 8.0 mm for the female. ALE–PLE 0.26, PLE–
PME
0.14,
PME
–
PME
0.95.
Median
ocular quadrangle length 0.73, anterior width 0.91, posterior width 1.45. —
Chelicerae
. Cheliceral
groove margins diverge distally.
Groove
length 2.31, middle width 0.65.
Cheliceral
Hadronyche nimoola
n.sp.
teeth: 22 central in a single row occupying full length of groove; 8 prolateral; 6 retrolateral. —
Labium
. Short
(length
Figures 53
–56;
Tables 16
,
34
1.09, width 1.67), fused with sternum as in male; anterior margin not indented.
Cuspules
distributed over most of
Etymology
. The
specific epithet is taken from an aboriginal ventral labium. —
Sternum
. Ovoid
, fused anteriorly with word for a steep slope, a reference to the caput profile of labium, surface strongly convex.
Length
4.62, width 3.81. this species.
Posterior
sternal sigilla small, narrow and elongate: length 0.61, width 0.21. —
Palp
. Spination
: tibia 0 (strong bristles),
Types
.
Holotype
male:
AMS
KS867
,
Batemans Bay
,
New South Wales
,
35°43'S
150°13'E
, J.
R
. Mylott,
3 March 1973
.
Paratypes
(all
AM
). New
tarsus 6.
Tarsal
claw with 8 teeth.
Trichobothria
: tibia p5 r6,
South Wales
Males
:
AMS
KS2276
Benandarah State Forest
,
35°39'S
tarsus 10. —
Legs
. 4123. Legs I and
IV
subequal.
150°15'E
,
30 November 1978
–
4 January 1979
,
C. Horseman
;
AMS
KS863
,
Bermagui
,
36°25'S
150°04'E
,
K. Walker
;
AMS
KS12124
,
Bondi State
Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total Forest, nr.Bombala,
37°06'S
149°15'E
,
26 January 1981
, G. Gowing
et al
.;
1 5.66 2.99 4.11 3.32 2.21 18.29
AMS
KS2665
,
Bowral
,
34°28'S
150°25'E
,
7 February 1979
, G. Goodfellow; 2 5.10 2.79 3.88 3.18 2.18 17.13
AMS
KS2081
,
Crookwell
,
34°27'S
149°28'E
,
28 November 1978
,
L.E. 3 4.22 1.97 2.48 2.89 2.24 13.80
Willis
;
AMS
KS862
,
Narooma
,
36°12'S
150°08'E
,
14 February 1971
, 4 5.58 2.58 3.89 3.77 2.48 18.30 B. Plunkett-Cole;
AMS
KS88199
,
Exeter
,
34°36'S
150°19'E
,
21 January 2004
;
AMS
KS3876
,
Narooma
,
36°13'S
150°08'E
,
January 1979
, B.H.
Plunkett-Cole.
Females
:
AMS
KS4664
, Bundanoon,
34°39'S
150°18'E
,
Tibia I
width 1.20.
Metatarsus
I proximal width 0.86.
Coxal February
, 1980;
AMS
KS16446
,
Bermagui
,
36°25'S
150°04'E
,
K.
Walker
; setae unmodified.
Tarsal
claw teeth legs I,
II
: superior 10,
AMS
KS12139
,
Bondi State Forest
, nr.
Bombala
,
37°06'S
149°15'E
,
26 10; inferior 5, 5.
Trichobothria
legs I,
II
: tarsus 11, 11;
January 1981
, G.
Gowing
et al
.;
AMS
KS6163
,
Bowral
,
34°28'S
150°25'E
,
October 1980
,
H.Styles
;
AMS
KS6825
,
Grabben Gullen
,
34°32'S
149°24'E
,
metatarsus 13, 10; tibia p6 r6. —
Leg
spination
.
Leg I
: femur
16 December 1980
,
R
.
Chown
;
AMS
KS4506
, Moruya,
35°54'S
150°06'E
,
0, patella 0, tibia 1, metatarsus 6, tarsus 5. Leg
II
: femur 0,
January 1980
;
AMS
KS3625
,
Narooma
,
36°12'S
150°08'E
,
15 June 1971
, patella 0, tibia 2, metatarsus 11, tarsus 7. Leg
III
: femur 0, J.
Cobcroft
.
Other material examined.
New South Wales
(males)
:
AMS
KS2032
, pattern. —
Carapace
. About
as wide as long, strongly raised.
Benandarah State Forest
,
5 October 1978
–
2 November 1978
,
C.Horseman
; Height 3.61. Frontal width 5.99. Fovea broad, procurved,
AMS
KS867
,
Bateman’s Bay
,
3 March 1973
;
AMS
KS12150
,
Bondi State Forest
, near Bombala,
26 January 1981
,
G. Gowing
et al
.;
AMS
KS3460
, anterior margin weakly indented. Mid-dorsal cephalic
Yass River
,
30 July 1966
,
A.B.Thompson
;
AMS
KS6163
, Bowral, October setae small, closely spaced, reach, or almost reach, fovea. 1980,
H. Styles
;
AMS
KS13806
, Bundanoon,
5 February 1984
,
W. Nooijen
; Anterior strial setae absent. Anterolateral angle of carapace
AMS
KS6825
, Grabben Gullen,
16 December 1980
,
R
. Chown;
AMS
with weak bristles. —
Eyes
. Sessile to slightly raised in
KS7567
, Grabben Gullen,
23 October 1980
,
R
. Chown;
AMS
KS2117
, central eye region. Eye group width 2.32. Median ocular
Kioloa State Forest
,
2 November 1978
–
30 November 1978
,
C. Horseman
;
AMS
KS2293
,
Kioloa State Forest
,
30 November 1978
–
4 January 1979
, quadrangle length 0.78, anterior width 1.05, posterior
C. Horseman
;
AMS
KS1163
, Mittagong,
13 January 1978
,
M. Johnson
; width 1.60.
Diameters
: AME 0.33, ALE 0.47, PLE 0.37,
AMS
KS6275
,
Moss
Vale
,
27 December 1980
,
J. Kelly
;
AMS
KS868
&
PME
0.25. —
Chelicerae
. Cheliceral groove broad, margins 869, Nerrigundah,
December 1945
,
V
. Haskell;
AMS
KS861
,
Narooma
, diverging distally.
Groove
length 2.28, middle width 0.52.
16 November 1974
,
B. Plunkett-Cole
.
New South Wales
(females)
:
AMS
KS1865
,
Bega
,
24 January 1976
,
H.W. Kemp
;
AMS
KS1867
, Bermagui, Cheliceral teeth: 16 central, running full length of groove;
May 1964
,
K.Walker
;
AMS
KS11996
,
Bondi State Forest
, near Bombala, 14 9 prolateral; 11 retrolateral. —
Labium
. Wider than long.
November 1980
,
G. Gowing
et al
.;
AMS
KS1872
,
Bowral, H.H
. Florence; Length 1.44, width 1.66. Labiosternal sigilla narrowed in
AMS
KS1873
, Bundanoon,
8 January 1952
,
N.C. de Meyrick
; Merimbula, midline. Cuspules c. 234, number moderate. —
Sternum
.
5 June 1964
(
MV
);
AMS
KS4777
, Mittagong,
June 1937
,
A. Livingstone
; Ovoid, broad. Setae weak. Length 4.35, width 3.65. Posterior
AMS
KS2961
,
Narooma
,
29 April 1979
,
A. Brown
.
Australian Capital Territory
(male)
:
AMS
KS13824
,
Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve
, 9
March
sigilla elongate, ovoid. —
Palp
. Tegular area
wider than 1978,
P. Ormay.
long.
Embolus
rather short, strongly tapered distally, weakly curved.
Distal
part moderately twisted, embolic groove
Diagnosis
. CL 5.85–7.22 (male). Small atracine spiders sometimes rather wide. Embolus weakly to moderately without leg II apophyses. Differs from most
Hadronyche
offset from tegulum. Bulb length 2.43, width 0.99. Embolus spp. by caput being high and wide, almost bulbous (
CH
/CW: length 1.61, midwidth 0.18. Length of femur 3.50, patella male 0.53 [
Fig. 53A
], female 0.61 [Fig. 54B]), and having 1.45, tibia 3.49. Width of tibia 1.64. Spination: femur with relatively few STC teeth (7–9) on tarsi I, II; from
H. mascordi
7 sinuous bristle-like spines, tibia with 2 bristle-like spines. by having an entire labiosternal sigilla; from
lamingtonensis
—Legs
. 4123. group species by having a long central cheliceral tooth row.
Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total
1 6.23 3.01 4.80 4.26 2.65 20.95
Male
(
holotype
) —
Size
. Carapace length 7.01, width 7.30.
2 5.66 2.87 4.43 3.90 2.46 19.32
Abdomen length 8.44, width 6.03. —
Colour
. Basic colour
3 4.82 2.34 3.28 3.62 2.65 16.71
4 6.10 2.88 4.92 4.74 3.15 21.79
Tibia I
width 1.15. Femur I with few or no dorsal spines; femur II usually with spines, occasionally none; femora III and IV with spines. Legs I and II unmodified, spines small, scattered. Metatarsus IV thickened distally, concavely arched dorsally.Anteromedial hairs on coxae I, II usually thickened Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total basally. Tarsal and distal metatarsal scopulae moderately 1 6.11 3.36 4.18 3.28 2.12 19.05 developed on legs I, II; strongly developed on legs III, IV. 2 5.45 3.20 3.62 3.03 2.26 17.56 Metatarsi IV scopulae extend to mid ventral area. Tarsal 3 4.58 2.36 2.59 2.83 2.35 14.71 claw teeth legs I, II: superior 7, 8: inferior 0, 0. Trichobothria 4 6.15 3.77 4.63 3.98 2.74 21.27 legs I, II: tarsus 11, 10, metatarsus 13, 13; tibia p6 r6, p6 r6. —
Leg spination
. Leg I: femur 0, patella p1, tibia 11 (p3),
Tibia I
width 1.48. Metatarsus I proximal width 1.03. Coxae metatarsus 25, tarsus 22. Leg II: femur d5, patella p1, tibia I, II with basally thickened and thorn-like setae anteriorly. 17, metatarsus 32, tarsus 23. Leg III: femur d6, patella 33 Tarsal claw teeth legs I, II: superior 7, 7; inferior 2, 2. (p26 r7), tibia 22 (p7, r2, d2), metatarsus 40, tarsus 27. Leg Trichobothria legs I, II: tarsus 11, 11, metatarsus 12, 11; tibia IV: femur d7, patella r5, tibia 8 (r1 d2), metatarsus 22, tarsus p6 r5, p6 r5. —
Leg spination
. Leg I: femur 0, patella 0, tibia 35. —
Abdomen
. Sparse, fine hair cover, bristles lacking or 1, metatarsus 10, tarsus 7. Leg II: femur 0, patella 0, tibia 1, very weak. Posterior lateral spinnerets with moderately metatarsus 14, tarsus 7. Leg III; femur 0, patella pd 20, tibia short apical segment. Lengths: total 2.88; basal segment 12 (p6 r3), metatarsus 33 (p14 r6), tarsus 15. Leg IV: femur 1.32; middle 0.58; apical 0.98. Apical segment width 0.48. 0, patella 0, tibia 1, metatarsus 14, tarsus 7. —
Abdomen
.
Figure 53.
Hadronyche nimoola
, male: (
A
) cephalothorax Figure 54.
Hadronyche nimoola
, female: (
A
) sternum, labium and chelicerae, lateral; (
B
) sternum, labium and maxilla; (
C
) and maxilla; (
B
) cephalothorax and chelicerae, lateral; (
C
) cephalothorax and chelicerae, dorsal; (
D
) palp, prolateral; (
E
) leg spermathecae; (
D
) cephalothorax and chelicerae, dorsal; (
E
) II, prolateral (NB, dorsal femoral spines present or absent); (
F
) cheliceral groove teeth; (
F
) spinnerets; (
G
) leg III, prolateral, cheliceral groove teeth; (
G
) spinnerets. Scale lines 1 mm. patella, tibia, metatarsus. Scale lines 1 mm.
Figure 55.
Hadronyche nimoola
, male (
A,D–K
, AMS KS88199;
B,C
, AMS KS3876): (
A
) palp, prolateral; (
B
) bulb; (
C
) embolus, distal; (
D,E
) distal patella and tibia I—
D
, ventral,
E
, prolateral; (
F,G
) metatarsus I—
F
, ventral,
G
, prolateral; (
H,I
) distal patella and tibia II—
H
, ventral,
I
, prolateral; (
J,K
) metatarsus II—
J
, ventral,
K
, prolateral. Scale lines: 0.2 mm, except
B
0.5 mm and
E,G
0.3 mm.
Table 16
. Male morphological data—
Hadronyche nimoola
(n = 17).
| character |
range |
mean |
character |
range |
mean |
character |
ratio |
SD |
| CL* |
5.85–7.22 |
6.62 |
Mt1S |
6–25 |
17 |
CW/CL* |
1.01 |
0.032 |
| CW |
6.07–7.46 |
6.72 |
Ta1S |
6–22 |
13 |
CH/CW* |
0.53 |
0.029 |
| CH* |
3.20–4.03 |
3.56 |
Ti2S* |
4–18 |
10 |
CFW/CL* |
0.83 |
0.042 |
| CFW |
4.81–6.23 |
5.5 |
STC2*teeth |
7–9 |
8 |
CHGW/L |
0.24 |
0.041 |
| ChGL |
1.97–2.56 |
2.17 |
BulbL |
2.14–2.70 |
2.38 |
SW/SL* |
0.88 |
0.034 |
| ChGW |
0.42–0.78 |
0.51 |
EmbL |
1.30–1.75 |
1.54 |
LL/LW |
0.85 |
0.053 |
| ChGCT |
9–26 |
17 |
BulbW |
0.90–1.40 |
0.99 |
PLSAPW/L |
0.45 |
0.029 |
| LL |
1.06–1.60 |
1.28 |
EmbmidW |
0.12–0.18 |
0.15 |
BulbW/EmbL |
0.64 |
0.053 |
| LW |
1.34–1.68 |
1.49 |
PalpTibL |
2.65–3.77 |
3.21 |
EmbmidW/L |
0.10 |
0.012 |
| CUSP |
160–281 |
219 |
PalpTibW |
1.44–1.74 |
1.58 |
PalpTibW/L |
0.49 |
0.031 |
| SL |
3.82–4.67 |
4.12 |
PalpTibS |
0–2 |
<1 |
BulbL/TibL |
0.74 |
0.029 |
| SW |
3.25–4.14 |
3.63 |
PalpPatS |
0 |
— |
| PLSAPW |
0.38–0.49 |
0.42 |
PalpFemS |
0–4 |
1 |
| PLSAPL |
0.82–1.20 |
0.95 |
| Fe1S |
0–5 |
<1 |
| Pa1S |
0–3 |
<1 |
Posterior lateral spinnerets with short apical segment.
Female
(
paratype
AMS KS4664) —
Size
. Carapace length Lengths: total 3.95; basal segment 1.79, middle 0.87, apical 8.74, width 8.65. Abdomen length 12.24, width 8.30. — 1.29. Apical segment width 0.69. —
Genitalia
. Spermathecae
Colour
. Basic colour pattern. —
Carapace
. About as long as short, digitiform, well separated basally (by slightly more wide, cephalic area broad and very strongly raised. Height than basal spermatheca width); diverge toward rounded and 5.08; frontal width 7.84. Cephalic length 6.90. Fovea wide, slightly enlarged apices. Length 0.87, width 0.44. deeply procurved, anterior margin indented. Mid-dorsal cephalic setae variable, may or may not reach fovea. Anterior
Distribution
. Southern highland and south coastal regions strial setae absent. Anterolateral carapace angle with several of
New South Wales
(Fig. 56). weak bristles. —
Eyes
. Eye region sessile. Eye group width 2.76. Diameters: AME 0.28, ALE 0.47, PLE 0.38, PME 0.24. Interdistances: AME–AME 0.55, AME–ALE 0.43, A.L.E–PLE 0.40, PLE–PME 0.26, PME–PME 1.36. Median ocular quadrangle length 0.88, anterior width 1.17, posterior width 1.88. —
Chelicerae
. Cheliceral groove wide, margins diverging distally. Groove length 2.83, middle width 0.74. Cheliceral teeth: 36 central, occupying full length of groove in irregular double row; 11 prolateral; 9 retrolateral. —
Labium
. Slightly wider than long, anterior margin weakly or not indented. Length 2.10, width 2.46. Cuspules occupy anterior two-thirds of labium. Labiosternal sigilla entire, narrow. —
Sternum
. Broad, subcircular. Length 5.78, width 5.08. Anterolateral angles with a few short, basally thickened, bristle-like setae. Posterior sigilla long, ovoid: length 1.31, width 0.49. —
Palp
. Spination: tibia 1, tarsus 8. Trichobothria: tibia p6 r5, tarsus 14. Tarsal claws with 6 teeth. —
Legs
. 4123. Figure 56. Collection records for
Hadronyche nimoola
(squares)
and
H. modesta
(circles).
Hadronyche modesta
(Simon)
Male
(AMS KS8475, Lilydale,
14 May 1980
). —
Size
.
Carapace length 6.40, width 6.10. Abdomen length 5.85, Figures 56–59;
Tables 17
,
34
width 6.12. —
Colour
. Basic colour pattern. —
Carapace
.
Slightly longer than wide, cephalic area moderately raised.
Atrax modesta
Simon, 1891: 302
. Hogg, 1901: 272. Main, Height 2.68, frontal width 4.16. Fovea slightly procurved. 1985: 41. Mid-dorsal cephalic setae few, do not reach fovea. Anterior
Hadronyche modesta
.–Gray, 1988: 114 (transferred from strial setae absent. Anterolateral carapace angle with a
Atrax
). few very weak bristles. —
Eyes
. Central eye region raised.
Types
.
Holotype
female:
MNHN
,
Paris
(not seen).
Melbourne
,
Victoria
.
Eye
group width 1.82.
Median
ocular quadrangle length
0.64, anterior width 0.86, posterior width 1.14.
Diameters
:
Other
material examined.
Victoria
(males)
:
Ellinbank
via
Warragul
, 11 AME 0.28, ALE 0.32, PLE 0.22,
PME
0.14. —
Chelicerae
.
May 1962
,
J. Copley
(
MV
);
AMS
KS8471
,
Emerald
,
3 April 1978
;
AMS
Cheliceral
groove margins subparallel to weakly divergent.
KS8472
,
Emerald
,
20 April 1979
;
Leongatha
,
6 June 1963
,
I. Bissett
(
MV
)
;
AMS
KS7292
,
Back Creek Rd.
,
Gembrook State Forest
, near
Gembrook
,
Groove
length 2.06, middle width 0.34.
Cheliceral
teeth:
Victoria
,
L. Gibson
,
10 March 1981
);
Mirboo North
15 April 1966
,
G.B. 23 central, occupying full length of groove; 8 prolateral,
Burr
(
MV
);
6 km
NE. of
Mirboo North
,
26.iii.1967
,
J. Seebeck
(
MV
); 9 retrolateral.
Central
tooth row occasionally shorter
. —
AMS
KS8473
,
Mount Eliza
,
23 April 1979
;
AMS
KS8930
,
Mount Tassie
,
Labium
. Wider
than long, apically indented.
Length
1.00,
Strezelecki Ranges
,
25 March 1982
,
R
.
Waters
;
AMS
KS8933
,
Tanjil South
,
near Moe,
February 1982
,
N. Barton
;
AMS
KS8474
,
Thorpdale
, 10
April
width 1.38.
Labiosternal
sigilla narrowed toward midline. 1980;
Wright
,
SE of Emerald
,
September 1951
,
C. Oke
(
MV
);
Yallourn
,
Slight
transverse groove behind cuspules.
Cuspules
c. 123,
6 February 1963
,
J. Irving
(
MV
);
Yarra Junction
,
4 May 1964
,
J. Mooney
number low-moderate. —
Sternum
. Ovoid. Length
4.01, (
MV
);
Yarra Junction
20 April 1964
,
J. Mooney
(
MV
).
Victoria
(females)
: width 3.28.
Posterior
sigilla elongate, narrow. —
Palp
.
AMS
KS10775
,
Cockatoo
,
10 October 1982
,?
McKelvey
;
AMS
KS8477
,
Tegular area
wider than long.
Embolus
short and broad,
Ferny Creek
,
6 October 1979
;
AMS
KS12618
,
Hawthorn
,
23 January 1983
,
M. Harvey
;
AMS
KS8476
,
Milford
,
26 October 1976
;
AMS
KS8339
, almost straight, base moderately offset from tegulum; distal
Mirboo North
,
Apr 1980
;
AMS
KS8932
,
Moe area
,
October 1981
,
N.Barton
; embolus straight, hardly twisted.
Bulb
length 2.26, width
AMS
KS8470
,
Mount Evelyn
,
Lilydale Shire
,
5 June 1979
;
AMS
KS8931
,
1.03
.
Embolus
length 1.37, midwidth 0.20.
Length
of femur
Newborough
, near
Moe
,
March 1982
,
N. Barton
;
AMS
KS8926
,
Sassafras
, 3.06, patella 1.36, tibia 3.18.
Width
of tibia 1.71.
Spination
:
14 February 1982
,
N.Wentworth
;
AMS
KS10560
,
Warragul
,
January 1983
,
N. Barton; AMS KS3386,Yinnar,
9 July 1979
, N. Barton. femur 3, patella 4, tibia 0. Distal femur spined, sinuous bristles few to absent. —
Legs
. 4123.
Diagnosis
. CL 5.48–7.30 (male). Small atracine spiders with
Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total leg II apophyseal swellings (Figs. 57G, 59H–K). Differs from
1 6.16 2.69 4.82 4.45 2.75 20.87
H. meridiana
and
H. jensenae
by having a short, straight
2 5.91 2.61 4.82 4.20 2.75 20.29 embolus but with the distal part neither twisted nor angled,
3 5.22 2.23 3.76 4.20 2.92 17.33 respectively (
Fig. 59B,C
). Differs from other
Hadronyche
4 6.32 2.72 5.24 5.44 3.48 23.20 spp. with leg II apophyses/swellings by having a relatively short labium (LL/LW 0.71) (Fig. 57E).
Figure 58.
Hadronyche modesta
, female: (
A
) sternum, labium and Figure 57.
Hadronyche modesta
, male: (
A
) cephalothorax and maxilla; (
B
) cephalothorax and chelicerae, lateral; (
C
) spinnerets; chelicerae, dorsal; (
B
) cephalothorax and chelicerae, lateral; (
C
) (
D
) cheliceral groove teeth; (
E
) cephalothorax and chelicerae, cheliceral groove teeth; (
D
) spinnerets; (
E
) sternum, labium and dorsal; (
F
) spermathecae; (
G
) leg III, prolateral, patella, tibia, maxilla; (
F
) palp, prolateral; (
G
) leg II, prolateral. Scale lines 1 mm. metatarsus. Scale lines 1 mm.
Figure 59.
Hadronyche modesta
, male (KS7292): (
A
) palp, prolateral; (
B
) bulb; (
C
) embolus, distal; (
D,E
) distal patella and tibia I—
D
, ventral,
E
, prolateral; (
F,G
) metatarsus I—
F
, ventral,
G
, prolateral; (
H,I
) distal patella and tibia II—
H
, ventral,
I
, prolateral; (
J,K
) metatarsus II—
J
, ventral,
K
, prolateral. Scale lines: 0.3 mm, except
B
0.5 mm and
F,I,J
0.2 mm.
Table 17
. Male morphological data—
Hadronyche modesta
(n = 26).
| character |
range |
mean |
character |
range |
mean |
character |
ratio |
SD |
| CL* |
5.48–7.30 |
6.24 |
Mt1S |
20–49 |
36 |
CW/CL |
0.96 |
0.026 |
| CW |
5.28–6.85 |
5.97 |
Ta1S* |
15–41 |
28 |
CH/CW |
0.44 |
0.025 |
| CH |
2.36–3.03 |
2.64 |
Ti2S |
5–19 |
13 |
CFW/CL |
0.67 |
0.015 |
| CFW |
3.73–4.96 |
4.20 |
STC2* |
7–10 |
8 |
CHGW/L |
0.17 |
0.011 |
| ChGL |
1.76–2.24 |
2.01 |
BulbL |
1.89–2.38 |
2.13 |
SW/SL |
0.81 |
0.027 |
| ChGW |
0.30–0.40 |
0.31 |
EmbL |
1.12–1.41 |
1.28 |
LL/LW* |
0.71 |
0.055 |
| ChGCT |
8–23 |
19 |
BulbW |
0.91–1.15 |
1.03 |
PLSAPW/L* |
0.51 |
0.053 |
| LL |
0.76–1.15 |
0.95 |
EmbmidW |
0.15–0.24 |
0.17 |
BulbW/EmbL* 0.80 |
0.048 |
| LW |
1.13–1.52 |
1.37 |
PalpTibL |
2.53–3.59 |
3.06 |
EmbmidW/L* |
0.15 |
0.014 |
| CUSP* |
104–160 |
129* |
PalpTibW |
1.39–1.83 |
1.55 |
PalpTibW/L* |
0.52 |
0.023 |
| SL |
3.50–4.70 |
3.93 |
PalpTibS |
0–5 |
1 |
BulbL/TibL |
0.70 |
0.024 |
| SW |
2.84–3.79 |
3.19 |
PalpPatS* |
3–9 |
5 |
| PLSAPW |
0.27–0.52 |
0.36 |
PalpFemS |
3–7 |
5 |
| PLSAPL |
0.53–92 |
0.70 |
| Fe1S |
3–8 |
5 |
| Pa1S |
0–4 (p0) |
2 |
Tibia I
width 1.14. Femora I and II with dorsal spines. Leg Length 5.08, width 4.38. Posterior sigilla elongate, length I unmodified, tibial and metatarsal ventral spines numerous. 1.02, width 0.39. —
Palp
. Spination: tibia 1–3 ventral bristle- Patella I and II lack prolateral spines. Ventral tibia II weakly like spines, tarsus 9. Trichobothria: tibia p5 r4, tarsus 7. swollen and spinose proximally-centrally; with a few Tarsal claw with 5 teeth. —
Legs
. 1423.
enlarged central spines; distal tibia II concave ventrally and
Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total lacking spines (other than apical pair). Metatarsus II sinuous,
1 7.08 4.04 5.29 4.11 3.01 23.53 with a small, spined, midventral apophysis. Coxal setae
2 6.29 3.13 4.74 3.64 2.41 20.21 unmodified. Scopulae legs I–IV: tarsus, weak to moderate;
3 4.83 2.72 3.01 3.11 2.62 16.29 distal metatarsus, all weak. Tarsal claw teeth legs I, II:
4 6.30 3.70 4.82 4.32 3.05 22.19 superior 9, 8; inferior 0, 2. Trichobothria legs I, II: tarsus 9,
8; metatarsus 9, 9; tibia p5 r5, p6 r5. —
Leg spination
. Leg
Tibia I
width 1.40. Metatarsus I proximal width 0.88. Coxal I: femur d4, patella 1, tibia 30, metatarsus 41, tarsus 32. Leg
setae unmodified. Tibia I, II with no to few spines. Tarsal II: femur d4, patella 2, tibia 12, metatarsus 32, tarsus 32.
claw teeth legs I, II: superior 7, 8; inferior 0, 0. Trichobothria Leg III: femur d2 (plus strong bristles), patella p9, tibia 15
legs I, II: tarsus 10, 9; metatarsus 10, 9; tibia p6 r6, p6 r5. (p1 r4), metatarsus 24, tarsus 31. Leg IV: femur 0 (strong
—
Leg spination
. Leg I: femur 0, patella 0, tibia 0, metatarsus bristles present), patella 0, tibia 12 (r3), metatarsus 21, tarsus
6, tarsus 12. Leg II: femur 0, patella 0, tibia 0, metatarsus 32. —
Abdomen
. Posterior lateral spinnerets with short apical
7, tarsus 16. Leg III: femur 0, patella pd13, tibia 5(p2 r1), segment. Lengths: total 2.01; basal segment 0.94; middle
metatarsus 17(pd4 rd2) tarsus 19. Leg IV: femur 0, patella 0.40; apical 0.67. Apical segment width 0.31.
0, tibia 0, metatarsus 12, tarsus 24. —
Abdomen
. Sparse cover of weak hairs and bristles. Posterior lateral spinnerets
Female
(
MV
K11082
),
Hoddles Creek
,
Victoria
,
37°50'S
with short apical segment. Length: total 3.16; basal segment
145°36'E
,
S. Johnson
,
18 October 1981
). —
Size
. Carapace
1.50, middle 0.67, apical 0.99.
Apical
segment width 0.56. length 7.48, width 7.11.
Abdomen
length 10.74, width 7.21. —
Genitalia
. Spermathecae
digitiform, short, apical third —
Colour
. Basic
colour pattern.
Anterodorsal
abdominal separated from basal two thirds by a slight constriction. sigilla prominent. —
Carapace
. Slightly
longer than wide,
Length
0.85, width. 0.41
.
strongly raised. Height 3.60. Frontal width 6.02. Cephalic length 5.57. Fovea strongly procurved. Mid-dorsal cephalic
Distribution
. Melbourne/Dandenong Range region to setae few, reach only two-thirds way to fovea. Anterior eastern Gippsland,
Victoria
(Fig. 56).
strial setae absent. Anterolateral carapace angle with a few hairs, no bristles. —
Eyes
. Central eye region weakly
Hadronyche meridiana
Hogg
raised. Eye group width 1.97. Diameters: AME 0.25, ALE
0.43, PLE 0.27, PME 0.18. Interdistances: AME–AME Figures 60–63;
Tables 18
,
34
0.37, AME–ALE 0.26, ALE–PLE 0.28, PLE–PME 0.30,
PME–PME 0.84. Median ocular quadrangle length 0.71,
Hadronyche meridiana
Hogg, 1902: 122
. Original descripanterior width 0.81, posterior width 1.24. —
Chelicerae
. tion by Hogg (1901, 274) as mis-identified male of
H.
Paturon with sparse anterodorsal bristle cover. Cheliceral
cerberea
.
groove moderately wide, margins diverging distally. Groove
Types
.
Holotype
male:
BMNH 1903.2
.10.6 (
NHM
).
Mt. Macedon
,
Victoria
, length 2.65, middle width 0.68.
Cheliceral
teeth: 18 central,
37°23'S
144°35'E
, H.
R
. Hogg.
in single row occupying full length of groove, occasionally row shorter; 11 prolateral; 9 retrolateral. —
Labium
. Wider
Other material examined.
New South Wales
(males)
:
AMS
KS4503
, than long, apically shallowly indented. Length 1.43, width Adelong,
22 July 1980
,
M. Pearce
;
AMS
KS917
, Kunama,
10 January 1971
;
AMS
KS916
, “Loch Haven”,
Wantagong
, 20
June
971
,
R
.
Flynn
;
AMS 2.01
.
Cuspules
grouped on anterior half.
Labiosternal
sigilla
KS915
,
Wantagong
,
1 April 1971
,
R
.
Hunter
;
AMS
KS913
,
Wondalga
, 23 slightly narrowed toward midline. —
Sternum
. Broad
, ovoid.
September 1948
,
C.H. Jagoe.
New South Wales
(females)
:
AMS
KS4973
,
Adelong
,
10 January 1980
, M. Pearce;
AMS
KS6053
,
Rosewood
, 20 varies from basal area only to full length of groove. —
October 1980
,
D.M.Fordham.
Victoria
(males)
:
AMS
KS8488
,
Baranduda
,
Labium
. Wider
than long, surface flattened.
Length
1.20,
13 October 1978
, A. McDonald;
AMS
KS10771
,
Lake Bolac
,
June 1982
,
H. Parnaby
;
Avenel
,
6 September 1963
(
MV
)
; Benalla,
20 October 1968
width 1.58.
Labiosternal
sigilla narrowed centrally.
Cuspules
(
MV
);
Euroa
,
19 June 1965
(
MV
)
;
Pranjip
,
Longwood area
,
4 July 1965
c. 134, number low to moderate. —
Sternum
. Ovoid. Length
(
MV
);
AMS
KS8484
,
Trawool
, near
Seymour
,
15 August 1980
,
P May
4.20, width 3.24. Posterior sigilla ovoid. —
Palp
. Tegular area
Williams
;
Violet Town
,
5 February 1980
,
A. Kube
(
MV
);
AMS
KS8485
, slightly wider than long.
Embolus
of moderate length, rather
Willowmavin
,near
Kilmore
,
29 April 1974
.
Victoria
(females)
:
Rutherglen
broad, weakly curved and tapered, with distal part twisted.
Research Institute
;
AMS
KS13651–3
,
Shepparton
,
15 January 1984
, M.
Gardener; Violet Town,
5 February 1980
, A. Kube (MV); AMS KS3399, Embolus base weakly to moderately offset from tegulum. Hall’s Gap,
26 March 1974
, M. Gray. Bulb length 2.51, width 0.95. Embolus length 1.67, midwidth 0.30. Length of femur 3.24, patella 1.27, tibia 3.30. Width
Diagnosis
. CL 5.44–7.04. Small atracine spiders with weak of tibia 1.48. Spination: femur 5, patella 1, tibia 3. Sinuous apophyseal swellings on leg II (Figs. 60F, 62H–J). Differs bristles and spines present on distal femur. —
Legs
. 4123. from
H. modesta
and
H. jensenae
by having embolus apically Legs I, 2 subequal.
twisted (
Fig. 62B,C
). Differs from other
Hadronyche
spp.
Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total
with leg II apophyses/swellings by having a relatively short
1 6.15 2.87 4.59 4.48 2.99 21.08
labium (LL/LW 0.78) (Fig. 60D).
2 5.82 2.81 4.84 4.43 3.05 20.95
3 5.01 2.40 3.52 4.16 3.09 18.18
Male
(AMS KS8490),
Avenel
,
Victoria
,
36°54'S
144°12'E
, 4 6.03 2.68 4.89 5.09 3.35 22.04
May 1981
). —
Size
. Carapace length 6.92, width 6.64
.
Abdomen length 7.17, width 5.23. —
Colour
. Basic colour
Tibia I
width 1.07. Femora I and II with dorsal spines; bristle-
pattern. —
Carapace
. Slightly longer than wide, cephalic area
like spines on femora II, IV. Metatarsus I slightly thickened
moderately raised. Height 3.12. Frontal width 5.45. Fovea
near middle, large ventral spines grouped here. Metatarsus
straight to slightly procurved. Mid-dorsal cephalic setae do
II sinuous with spined midventral apophysis. Tibia II with
not reach fovea. Anterior strial setae present. Anterolateral
weak, spined apophyseal swelling mid ventrally, ventral
angle of carapace with weak bristles. —
Eyes
. Central eye
spines grouped with 2–4 central spines enlarged. Tibia II
region slightly raised. Eye group width 1.86. Median ocular
weakly excavated distally. Anterior coxal hairs normal.
quadrangle length 0.75, anterior width 0.96, posterior
Tarsal scopulae: leg I weak; legs II–IV moderate to strong.
width 1.24. Diameters: AME 0.32, ALE 0.46, PLE 0.43,
Distal metatarsal scopulae: legs I, II weak to absent, legs III,
PME 0.20. —
Chelicerae
. Cheliceral groove rather narrow,
IV moderate to strong. Tarsal claw teeth legs I, II: superior
margins subparallel. Groove length 2.35, middle width 0.38.
12, 11; inferior 2, 2. Trichobothria legs I, II: tarsus 9, 9;
Cheliceral teeth: 7 central (
6 in
basal half,
1 in
distal half);
metatarsus 11, 8; tibia p5 r5, p6 r5. —
Leg spination
. Leg I:
12 prolateral; 12 retrolateral. Central tooth row distribution
femur d5, patella v1, tibia 26, metatarsus 33, tarsus 13. Leg
II: femur d4, patella p1, tibia 9, metatarsus 20, tarsus 13. Leg
III: femur d4 (bristle like), patella p7, metatarsus 17, tarsus
20. Leg IV: femur d5 (bristle like), patella 0, tibia 2 (d1),
metatarsus 10, tarsus 19. —
Abdomen
. Sparsely covered with weak bristles and hairs with a pair of larger bristles above pedicel. Posterior lateral spinnerets with a rather short apical segment. Lengths: total 2.84; basal segment 1.24; middle
0.74; apical 0.86. Apical segment width 0.46.
Figure 61.
Hadronyche meridiana
, female: (
A
) sternum, labium and Figure 60.
Hadronyche meridiana
, male: (
A
) spinnerets; (
B
) maxilla; (
B
) cephalothorax and chelicerae, lateral; (
C
) cheliceral cephalothorax and chelicerae, lateral; (
C
) cheliceral groove teeth; groove teeth; (
D
) spinnerets; (
E
) cephalothorax and chelicerae, (
D
) sternum, labium and maxilla; (
E
) cephalothorax and chelicerae, dorsal; (
F
) leg III, prolateral, patella, tibia, metatarsus; (
G
) dorsal; (
F
) leg II, prolateral; (
G
) palp, prolateral. Scale lines 1 mm. spermathecae. Scale lines 1 mm.
Figure 62.
Hadronyche meridiana
, male (
A,D–K
, AMS KS8485;
B,C
, Pranjip,Victoria, [MV]): (
A
) palp, prolateral; (
B
) bulb; (
C
) embolus, distal; (
D,E
) distal patella and tibia I—
D
, ventral,
E
, prolateral; (
F,G
) metatarsus I—
F
, ventral,
G
, prolateral; (
H,I
) distal patella and tibia II—
H
, ventral,
I
, prolateral; (
J
) metatarsus II, prolateral; (
K
) femur II, prolateral. Scale lines: 0.2 mm, except
B
0.5 mm and
D,I,J
0.3 mm.
Table 18
. Male morphological data—
Hadronyche meridiana
(n = 12).
| character |
range |
mean |
character |
range |
mean |
character |
ratio |
SD |
| CL* |
5.44–7.04 |
6.37 |
Mt1S |
18–37 |
27 |
CW/CL |
0.98 |
0.035 |
| CW |
5.51–6.64 |
6.26 |
Ta1S |
7–22 |
14 |
CH/CW |
0.50 |
0.026 |
| CH |
2.68–3.53 |
3.10 |
Ti2S |
8–20 |
12 |
CFW/CL |
0.73 |
0.047 |
| CFW |
4.15–5.45 |
4.68 |
STC2teeth |
9–12 |
10 |
CHGW/L |
0.16 |
0.011 |
| ChGL |
1.96–2.48 |
2.20 |
BulbL |
2.11–2.54 |
2.68 |
SW/SL |
0.78 |
0.028 |
| ChGW |
0.27–0.42 |
0.35 |
EmbL |
1.36–1.67 |
1.54 |
LL/LW* |
0.78 |
0.02 |
| ChGCT |
3–16 |
10 |
BulbW |
0.83–1.00 |
0.93 |
PLSAPW/L |
0.47 |
0.055 |
| LL |
0.96–1.24 |
1.09 |
EmbmidW |
0.15–0.30 |
0.20 |
BulbW/EmbL* 0.60 |
0.033 |
| LW |
1.19–1.58 |
1.38 |
PalpTibL |
2.74–3.30 |
3.07 |
EmbmidW/L |
0.14 |
0.019 |
| CUSP* |
117–191 |
157 |
PalpTibW |
1.26–1.53 |
1.41 |
PalpTibW/L |
0.46 |
0.024 |
| SL |
3.52–4.40 |
4.02 |
PalpTibS |
2–7 |
5 |
BulbL/TibL |
0.77 |
0.031 |
| SW |
2.89–3.40 |
3.15 |
PalpPatS |
1–2 |
1 |
| PLSAPW |
0.31–0.46 |
0.35 |
PalpFemS |
5–7* |
6 |
| PLSAPL |
0.68–0.98 |
0.70 |
| Fe1S |
3–9 |
6 |
| Pa1S |
0–7 (p0–3) |
4 |
Female
(
K11083
MV),
Strathbogie Range
,
Victoria
,
36°56'S
apical segment short. Lengths. total 3.07; basal segment
145°38'E
,
7 March 1982
) —
Size
. Carapace length 7.83, 1.43; middle 0.69; apical 0.95. Apical segment width 0.56. width 7.07. Abdomen length 11.02, width 7.48. —
Colour
. —
Genitalia
. Spermathecae very short and broad. Apical Basic colour pattern. Abdominal chevrons distinct, well area narrower than expanded central region. Spermatheca separated. —
Carapace
. Slightly longer than wide, strongly length 0.82, width 0.68
.
raised. Height 4.01; frontal width 6.60. Cephalic length
5.60. Fovea wide, procurved anterior margin indented. Mid-
Distribution
. Western side of Great Dividing Range in dorsal cephalic setae do not reach fovea.Anterior strial setae Southern
New South Wales
and northern
Victoria
(Fig. 63). absent basally. Anterolateral carapace angle with a few weak This species is provisionally recorded from the Grampian bristles. —
Eyes
. Central eye region raised. Eye group width Ranges on the basis of a single female from the Hall’s Gap 2.11. Diameters: AME 0.27, ALE 0.41, PLE 0.34, PME area—male records are needed to confirm this.
0.23. Interdistances: AME–AME 0.36, AME–ALE 0.25,
ALE–PLE 0.21, PLE–PME 0.17, PME–PME 0.96. Median
Comments
. In some males a few mid row or distal teeth ocular quadrangle length 0.70, anterior width 0.89, posterior may be missing, making keying such individuals difficult. width 1.43. —
Chelicerae
. Cheliceral groove margins diverge weakly distally. Groove length 2.65, middle width 0.54.
Hadronyche jensenae
n.sp.
Cheliceral teeth: 26 central, in single row occupying full length of groove; 13 prolateral; 11 retrolateral. Central tooth Figures 63–65;
Table 19
row length variable. —
Labium
. Wider than long, anterior margin slightly concave, sides rounded. Length 1.55, width
Etymology
. The species is named for my wife, Greta Jensen 2.11. Cuspules occupying anterior two-thirds of labium. Gray.
Labiosternal sigilla narrowed at midline. —
Sternum
. Ovoid.
Length
5.10, width 4.01.
Posterior
sternal sigilla elongate,
Types
.
Holotype
male:
K11085
(
MV
),
Woodside
,
Victoria
,
38°32'S
removed from margins: length 0.99, width 0.34. —
Palp
.
146°53'E
,
15 August 1966
.
Paratypes
.
Victoria
.
Males
:
K11086
(
MV
),
Spination
: tibia 0–1 (strong bristles present), tarsus 8.
Woodside
,
data as for holotype;
K11087
(
MV
),
Morwell
,
38°14'S
146°24'E
.,
28 August 1967
.
Trichobothria: tibia p6 r6, tarsus 8. Tarsal claw with 4 teeth.
—
Legs
. 4123. Legs I, IV subequal.
Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total
1 5.92 2.82 4.59 3.60 2.37 19.30
2 5.10 2.62 3.94 3.47 2.38 17.51
3 4.60 2.55 2.84 3.12 2.52 15.91
4 5.71 2.96 4.08 4.09 2.92 19.76
Tibia I
width 1.29. Metatarsus I proximal width 0.95. Coxae
I, II with a few basally thickened setae frontally. Tibia I, II with few to no spines. Tarsal claw teeth legs I, II: superior
7, 7; inferior 3, 3. Trichobothria legs I, II: tarsus 9, 10;
metatarsus 14, 12; tibia p6 r6, p6 r5. —
Leg spination
. Leg
I; femur 0, patella 0, tibia 0, metatarsus 5, tarsus 4. Leg II:
femur 0, patella 0, tibia 0, metatarsus 7, tarsus 5. Leg III:
femur 0, patella p7, tibia 9 (p5 r2), metatarsus 15 (p5 rd2),
tarsus 12. Leg IV: femur 0, patella 0, tibia 0, metatarsus 10, Figure 63. Collection records for
Hadronyche meridiana
(squares) tarsus 14. —
Abdomen
. Posterior lateral spinnerets stout, and
H. jensenae
(circles).
Table 19
. Male morphological data—
Hadronyche jensenae
(n = 4).
| character |
range |
mean |
character |
range |
mean |
character |
ratio |
SD |
| CL* |
4.72–6.60 |
5.77 |
Mt1S |
14–27 (p0) |
19 |
CW/CL |
0.99 |
0.029 |
| CW |
4.84–6.60 |
5.72 |
Ta1S |
6–10 |
8 |
CH/CW |
0.45 |
0.03 |
| CH |
2.0–3.16 |
2.60 |
Ti2S* |
5–7 (p0) |
6 |
CFW/CL |
0.70 |
0.043 |
| CFW |
3.36–4.85 |
4.06 |
STC2teeth |
10–11 |
11 |
CHGW/L |
0.16 |
0.013 |
| ChGL |
1.66–2.18 |
1.94 |
BulbL |
1.25–2.34 |
2.17 |
SW/SL |
0.81 |
0.022 |
| ChGW |
0.27–0.34 |
0.31 |
EmbL |
1.15–1.36 |
1.28 |
LL/LW* |
0.79 |
0.075 |
| ChGCT |
15–19 |
17 |
BulbW |
0.86–1.09 |
0.99 |
PLSAPW/L |
0.47 |
0.055 |
| LL |
0.78–1.29 |
1.02 |
EmbmidW |
0.18–0.21 |
0.19 |
BulbW/EmbL* 0.77 |
0.022 |
| LW |
1.06–1.43 |
1.28 |
PalpTibL |
2.71–3.09 |
2.82 |
EmbmidW/L |
0.16 |
0.006 |
| CUSP* |
112–169 |
145 |
PalpTibW |
1.26–1.52 |
1.40 |
PalpTibW/L* |
0.50 |
0.003 |
| SL |
3.11–4.15 |
3.64 |
PalpTibS |
1–2 |
2 |
BulbL/TibL* |
0.77 |
0.053 |
| SW |
2.43–3.41 |
2.95 |
PalpPatS |
1–3 |
2 |
| PLSAPW |
0.29–0.35 |
0.34 |
PalpFemS |
0–3 |
1 |
| PLSAPL |
0.64–0.82 |
0.73 |
| Fe1S |
2–5 |
4 |
| Pa1S* |
0 |
0 |
Other material
.
AMS KS
112636, Vic. Dept. Agric., Bairnsdale (locality pattern; abdomen partly discoloured or damaged in all
unknown),
20 June 1978
.
specimens. —
Carapace
. About as wide as long, cephalic area moderately raised. Height 2.65; frontal width 4.21. Fovea
Diagnosis
. CL 4.72–6.60 (male). Small atracine spiders. procurved. Mid-dorsal cephalic setae few, do not reach fovea.
Differ from other atracine species by having a short, broad Anterior strial setae absent.Anterolateral carapace angle with
embolus with distal part set at distinct angle to shaft (Fig. weak hairs only. —
Eyes
. Central eye region slightly raised.
65B,C). Eye group width 1.57. Median ocular quadrangle length 0.60, anterior width 0.74, posterior width 1.10. Diameters:
Male
(
holotype
) —
Size
. Carapace length 5.74, width 5.70. AME 0.20; ALE 0.35; PLE 0.29; PME 0.23. —
Chelicerae
.
Abdomen length 6.5, width 4.7. —
Colour
. Basic colour Groove margins diverge weakly distally. Groove length 2.00, middle width 0.30. Cheliceral teeth. 15 central, occupying full length of groove; 9 prolateral; 12 retrolateral. —
Labium
. Much wider than long, rectangular, apically weakly indented. Length 0.92, width 1.25. Labiosternal sigilla broad. Cuspules c. 160, number moderate to low. —
Sternum
. Ovoid. Length 3.59, width 2.98. Posterior sternal sigilla ovoid to elongate; middle sigilla small. —
Palp
. Tegular area slightly wider than long. Embolus very short and broad, base strongly offset from tegulum. Distal part of embolus not twisted, but angled strongly at about 45° to shaft. Bulb length 2.23, width 1.01. Embolus length 1.31, midwidth 0.20. Tibia short, strongly incrassate proximally. Length of femur 2.71, patella 1.12, tibia 2.71. Width of tibia 2.01. Spination: femur 6; patella 1; tibia d2. Distal femur with spines, without sinuous bristles. —
Legs
. 4123.
Leg Femur Patella Tibia Metatarsus Tarsus Total 1 5.34 2.52 3.94 3.46 2.38 17.64 2 4.79 2.30 3.74 3.19 2.38 16.40 3 4.08 2.14 2.89 3.03 2.24 14.38 4 5.17 2.28 4.08 3.90 2.82 18.25
Tibia I
width 0.94. Femora I, II with dorsal spines.
Metatarsus I slightly thickened in proximal half, spines strong, scattered. Tibia II without apophysis, ventral spines few, grouped proximally with c. two larger spines toward middle; distoventral tibia weakly concave. Metatarsus II weakly to moderately sinuous with small, apophysis midventrally. Tarsi III, IV slightly swollen. Anterior coxal hairs unmodified. Tarsal and distal metatarsal scopulae: legs I,
Figure 64.
Hadronyche jensenae
, male: (
A
) cephalothorax and II weak; legs III, IV moderate. Tarsal claw teeth legs I, II: chelicerae, dorsal; (
B
) cephalothorax and chelicerae, lateral; (
C
) superior 11, 11; inferior 0, 0. Trichobothria legs I, II: tarsus cheliceral groove teeth; (
D
) sternum, labium and maxilla; (
E
) leg 8, 7; metatarsus 6, 6; tibia p5 r5, p5 r5. —
Leg spination
. Leg II, prolateral; (
F
) spinnerets; (
G
) palp, prolateral. Scale lines
1 mm
. I: femur d5, patella 0, tibia 18, metatarsus 19, tarsus 10. Leg
Figure 65.
Hadronyche jensenae
, male (
A,D–K
, AMS KS112636;
B,C
, 11086 [MV]): (
A
) palp, prolateral; (
B
) bulb; (
C
) embolus, distal; (
D,E
) distal patella and tibia I—
D
, ventral,
E
, prolateral; (
F,G
) metatarsus I—
F
, ventral,
G
, prolateral; (
H,I
) distal patella and tibia II—
H
, ventral,
I
, prolateral; (
J,K
) metatarsus II—
J
, ventral,
K
, prolateral. Scale lines: 0.2 mm, except
B
0.5 mm and
D,F,G
0.3 mm.
II: femur d4, patella 0, tibia 5, metatarsus 11, tarsus 9. Leg
III: femur d1, patella pd10, tibia 10 (r2), metatarsus 17 (p5
r2), tarsus 8. Leg IV: femur d1–2 (strong bristles present),
patella 0, tibia 3 (rd1), metatarsus 10, tarsus 11. —
Abdomen
.
Bristles stronger anteriorly with a prominent frontal pair.
Posterior lateral spinnerets with rather short apical segment.
Lengths: total 1.90; basal segment 0.84; middle 0.42; apical
0.64. Apical segment width 0.34.
Distribution
. Central Gippsland,
Victoria
(Fig. 63).