The genus Bittacus Latreille (Insecta: Mecoptera) in Brazil: key to species, distribution maps, new synonym, and three new species
Author
Machado, Renato Jose Pires
Author
Mendes, Diego Matheus De Mello
Author
Rafael, José Albertino
text
Zootaxa
2018
2018-11-30
4526
3
303
330
journal article
27885
10.11646/zootaxa.4526.3.2
0ea3c1bd-7938-4961-b91e-18b886ef1446
1175-5326
2611647
68ADEE66-00B7-4370-BF57-07C118ACDEB0
Bittacus diversinervis
Souza Lopes & Mangabeira, 1942
(
Figs. 3a
,
6a
,
8g
,
12b
)
Bittacus diversinervis
:
Souza Lopes & Mangabeira, 1942
:340
;
Penny & Byers, 1979b
:367
;
Penny & Arias, 1982
:269
;
Machado
et al.,
2009
:36
, 2010:605;
Machado, 2018
.
Thyridates diversinervis
:
Willmann, 1983
:51
;
Collucci & Amorim, 2000
:7
.
Thyridates willmanni
:
Collucci & Amorim, 2001
:2
.
New synonym.
Bittacus willmanni
:
Machado
et al.
, 2009
:37
.
Holotype
male of
B. diversinervis
: MNRJ (examined). Probably destroyed in the fire of
2.ix.2018
.
Holotype
male of
B. willmanni
: LMED (high resolution images examined).
Species also known from:
Acre
,
Amapá
,
Amazonas
,
Bahia
(new record),
Espírito Santo
,
Goiás
,
Maranhão
,
Mato Grosso
(new record),
Mato Grosso do Sul
(new record),
Minas Gerais
,
Pernambuco
,
Rondônia
,
Roraima
,
Rio de Janeiro
,
São Paulo
,
Tocantins
(new record) (
Fig. 12b
).
Bittacus diversinervis
is the most common and widespread hanging fly in
Brazil
, with records for all regions of the country, except the southern states. The species has been collected in different habitats, including the Amazon and Atlantic rain forest, some dry areas in the Cerrado, and open grassy areas in
Roraima
state.
Thyridates willmanni
was described based on a male specimen, which until today remains as the only known specimen (
Colluci & Amorim, 2001
). On its original description the authors mentioned that
T. willmanni
was very similar to
B. diversinervis
, but justified the description of a new species based on the different number of costal crossveins (three for
T. willmanni
and two for
B. diversinervis
), a character known to be very plastic for a long time as discussed by different authors (e.g.
Esben-Petersen 1921
;
Navás 1929
;
Machado et al. 2009
). Another diagnostic trait suggested by the authors is that the internal margins of the male epandrium are almost straight in
T. willmanni
(
Collucci & Amorim 2001
)
; however, the study of the
holotype
herein clearly indicates that this character was misinterpreted by the authors. The internal margins of the epandirum are divergent, as in all other specimens of
B. diversinervis
. The image of the epandrium presented in the original description is inaccurate and suggests that the internal margins are almost straight, but it does not correspond with the actual shape in the specimen. Additionally, the
holotype
of
T. willmanni
presents the vein Rs
1
forked in the forewing, one of the major characteristics of
B. diversinervis
.
For the reasons mentioned above, we are here synonymizing
T. willmanni
under
B. diversinervis
. The two main characters used to distinguish
T. willmanni
are not robust; the first is based on a historically known plastic character and the second is the result of a misinterpretation.
Examined specimens.
Brazil
:
Acre
:
Rio Branco
,
24.ii.1979
,
Maurício
Mendonça
(
1♀
INPA
)
;
Amazonas
:
Humaitá
,
22.ii.1980
,
Penny
&
Brasil
(
3♂
,
5♀
, 2?
INPA
)
;
Bahia
:
Aracatu
,
Fazenda Lagoa do Tamburi
,
Rodovia
BA 262, km 400 sentido
Vit. da Conquita
/
Brumado
, coletado na lâmpada da residência,
16.xii.2010
,
Ferreira, A.S.
col.; (4
MZUEFS
)
;
Vitória da Conquista
, UFBA/IMS/CAT, LABZOO,
14.i.2012
,
Ferreira, A.S.
col (1
MZUEFS
)
;
Espírito Santo
:
Anchieta
,
Praia de Ubu
,
i.2006
, luz,
SA Vanim
(
1♀
MZSP
)
;
Colatina
,
20.i.1960
,
JH Guimarães
(
1♀
MZSP
)
;
Guarapari
,
9.i.1981
,
Eloy Castellón
(
1♀
INPA
)
;
Minas Gerais
:
Governador Valadares
,
28.xii.1990
,
Marcio M
(1?
MZSP
)
;
Lagoa Santa
,
12.i.1965
,
J.S. Morgante
(
1♀
MZSP
)
;
Muriaé
,
31.xii.1977
,
Mirian A.S. Serrano
(
1♂
INPA
)
;
Mato Grosso
:
Nova Mutum
,
Fazenda Buriti
,
15.xii.1996
,
HF Mendes
(
1♂
,
2♀
MZSP
)
;
idem—
14.i.1998
(
1♂
MZSP
)
;
Mato Grosso do Sul
:
Porto Murtinho
,
21–30.i.2008
,
S. Sigeo
et al (
1♂
MZSP
)
;
Pernambuco
:
Arco Verde
,
vii.1974
,
N. Papavero
(
2♂
MZSP
)
;
Rio de Janeiro
:
Guaratiba
,
iv.1960
,
JH Guimaraes
(
1♂
MZSP
)
;
Rondônia
:
Vilhena
,
7.xi.1979
,
Norman D. Penny
(
1♀
INPA
)
;
Roraima
:
Boa Vista
,
10.viii.1977
,
ND Penny
(
8♂
,
7♀
INPA
)
;
Boa Vista
,
Passarão
,
031202
N—603508W,
8.vii.1996
,
F.F. Xavier
, varredura (
2♂
,
1♀
INPA
)
;
São Paulo
:
Barra Bonita
,
iii.1957
,
A. Correia
(
1♂
MZSP
)
;
Barueri
,
26.ii.1959
,
K. Lenko
(
1♂
MZSP
)
;
Campinas
,
2.iii.1974
,
Buhrnheim
col. (
2♂
1♀
INPA
)
;
Campos do Jordão
,
Parque Estadual
,
2.xi.1985
,
CG Froehlich
(
1♀
MZSP
)
;
Salesópolis
,
Boracéia
,
5–9.vi.1948
, (
1♀
MZSP
)
;
Santo Amaro
,
ii.1950
,
D. Lane
(
1♀
MZSP
)
;
São Paulo
,
Sumaré.
ii.1948
,
M. Carrera
(
1♀
MZSP
)
idem—ii.1947 (1? MZSP);
Tocantins
:
Barrolândia
,
24–25.xii.2013
,
TK Krolow
(
2♀
CEUFT
)
.