Island hoppers: Integrative taxonomic revision of Hogna wolf spiders (Araneae, Lycosidae) endemic to the Madeira islands with description of a new species
Author
Crespo, Luis C.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-5661
Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences (Arthropods), Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain & Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 17, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
luiscarloscrespo@gmail.com
Author
Silva, Isamberto
Instituto das Florestas e Conservacao da Natureza IP-RAM, Jardim Botanico da Madeira, Caminho do Meio, Bom Sucesso, 9064 - 512, Funchal, Portugal
Author
Enguidanos, Alba
Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences (Arthropods), Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
Author
Cardoso, Pedro
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8119-9960
Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 17, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
Author
Arnedo, Miquel
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1402-4727
Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences (Arthropods), Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
text
ZooKeys
2022
2022-02-16
1086
84
135
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015
journal article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1086.68015
1313-2970-1086-84
89728BCE242A49369095E9B544F8B9F7
6EDA4E3E12955CA7BFCCF667BADB6B90
Hogna heeri (Thorell, 1875)
Figures 9
, 10
, 11
Trochosa herii
Thorell, 1875: 166 (Df).
Trochosa herii
Kulczynski, 1899: 433, pl. 9, fig. 188 (f).
Hogna heeri
Roewer, 1955: 248.
Hogna herii
Roewer, 1959: 411, fig. 221a-d (f, Dm).
Hogna heeri
Wunderlich, 1992: 459, fig. 720, 720a (mf).
Types.
Syntypes
: Madeira • 2 ♀♀, leg. O. Heer, stored at NHRS, collection number JUST-000001113. Examined.
Material examined.
Bugio
•
Planalto Sul
,
32.41228°N
,
16.47466°W
,
1 ♀
(LCPC)
,
3.XII.2012
, hand collecting, leg.
I. Silva. Madeira
•
between Eira do Serrado and Curral
das
Freiras
,
1 ♀
(
SMF69107
);
Paul
da Serra
,
2 ♀♀
(MMUE G7572.874)
,
25.IV.1973
, leg. J. Murphy,
1 ♀
(CRBALC0492: LC289),
32.78182°N
,
17.09978°W
,
19.III.2017
, hand collecting, leg. I. Silva,
1 ♀
(CRBALC0500: LC222) and
1 juvenile
(CRBALC0494: LC291),
28.III.2017
, leg.
I. Silva
;
Pico do
Cidrao
,
32.74036°N
,
16.93877°W
,
1 ♀
(LCPC)
,
24.VI.2003
, pitfall trapping, leg. M. Freitas,
2 ♀♀
(CRBALC0490: LC287, CRBALC0288: LC288),
27.III.2017
, hand collecting, leg.
L. Crespo
&
I. Silva
; trail from
Paul
da Serra
to
Montado
dos
Pessegueiros
,
32.78837°N
,
17.09857°W
,
2 ♀♀
(CRBALC0270: LC184, CRBALC0501: LC223)
and
1 juvenile
(CRBALC0493: LC290),
28.III.2017
, hand collecting, leg.
L. Crespo
&
I. Silva
;
1 ♀
(
SMF37575
)
.
Diagnosis.
Hogna heeri
can be diagnosed by the genitalia: the males, according to literature, by a straight embolus (
Wunderlich 1992
: 595, fig. 720); in females, by epigynal anterior pockets with widely divergent lateral border and median septum with a wide posterior transverse part (Fig.
9
). Similar species include
H. insularum
and
H. isambertoi
sp. nov., from which it cannot be somatically differentiated.
Figure 9.
Hogna heeri
female (CRBALC0501):
A
epigyne, ventral
B
vulva, dorsal. Abbreviations, female genitalia: D - diverticulum, H - epigynal hoods, MS - median septum, S - spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
Redescription.
Male
: We could not examine any male specimens.
Female
(
CRBALC0500
): (Fig.
7
corresponds to specimen CRBALC0501). Total length 13.54; carapace: 5.63 long, 4.4 wide.
Colour
: carapace greyish brown, covered with short black setae, with a median cream longitudinal band, anteriorly broadened, covered with short white setae, with suffused greyish brown patches; two yellow marginal bands, with roughly round grey patches, covered with short white setae; four black striae well visible on each flank. Chelicerae dark brown, covered in black and yellow setae. Gnathocoxae and labium overall brown, with posterior margin blackish; sternum yellow, with a faint V-shaped grey patch and grey lateral borders. Legs yellow, with irregular grey suffused patches, except metatarsi and tarsi, brown. Pedipalps yellow except tibia, brown, tarsus, blackish brown. Abdomen with a pair of anterolateral black patches, extending laterally into grey flanks, mottled with yellowish patches covered with white setae; a median dark lanceolate patch is bordered by two yellowish longitudinal bands interconnected in anterior half, posteriorly by means of dark chevrons; venter yellowish, with a median dark grey longitudinal band, bordered by yellowish and grey small patches.
Eyes
: MOQ: MW = 0.7 PW, MW = 1.1 LMP, MW = 1.1 AW; Cl = 0.9 DAME. Anterior eye row straight.
Legs
: Measurements: Leg I: 13.0, TiI: 2.8; Leg IV: 16.10, TiIV: 3.22; TiIL/D: 3.7. Spination of Leg I: FeI: d1.1.1, p0.0.1; TiI: v2l.2l.2s; MtI: p0.0.1, r0.0.1, v2l.2l.1s. MtI with sparse scopulae in basal half and dense scopulae on distal half.
Epigyne
: anterior pockets touching, short, with lateral borders widely divergent, converging solely at its posterior end (Fig.
9A
); anterior pocket cavities deep; median septum with wide posterior transverse part (Fig.
9A
); spermathecae globular (Fig.
9B
); copulatory ducts basally with a laterally projected diverticulum (Fig.
9B
); fertilisation ducts emerging at the base of copulatory duct (Fig.
9B
).
Figure 10.
Photograph of
H. heeri
. Female specimen in captivity. Photograph credit
Emidio
Machado.
Intraspecific variation.
Carapace length, females: 5.6-5.8. In females, the ventral abdominal dark band may be entirely absent; the relative position of female epigynal anterior pockets may vary from touching to almost touching.
Distribution.
This species is known from two distinct regions: high altitude localities in Madeira, always above 800 m, and the island of Bugio (Fig.
11
).
Figure 11.
Distribution of
H. heeri
. Circles: present records; black triangles: revised records from literature; white triangles: unconfirmed records from literature.
Ecology.
Hogna heeri
occurs in montane grasslands or
Erica
shrubland in Madeira and the steep, semi-arid summit of Bugio.
Conservation status.
Hogna heeri
was assessed according to the IUCN Red List criteria, with the status of Least Concern (
Cardoso et al 2018b
).
Comments.
The specific epithet of
H. heeri
has been one of the names renamed by
Bonnet (1959)
, who changed all previously described spider
species'
names which were patronyms ending in
"ii"
to end in
"i"
, as a way to correct spelling (
Bonnet 1945
). Although the ICZN argues for the maintenance of the original spelling, common usage dictates that these modified spellings continue to be used. The disjunct distribution of
H. heeri
, with populations in Madeira and Bugio, is somewhat baffling. The only known specimens from Bugio previously reported (
Crespo et al. 2013
) were examined: while the female matches
H. heeri
, the male pedipalp is the same as that of
H. isambertoi
sp. nov., with the tip of the embolus slightly tilted anteriorly (Fig.
18A
). We would like to remark that Wunderlich reported an apophysis at the base of the embolus (indicated with an arrow in his figure) as a diagnostic feature to identify males of
H. heeri
(
Wunderlich 1992
: fig. 720), which appears to be either inconspicuous or missing altogether. To us it seems the arrow is pointing to the pars pendula membrane connecting the terminal apophysis with the embolus. Unfortunately, we could not gather molecular information from the Bugio specimens due to their poor preservation. Lastly, while revising
Thorell's
type series, we identified one of the three adult females in the original vial as
H. insularum
.