Updated and annotated review of Tetranychidae occurring in mainland Portugal, the Azores, and Madeira Archipelagos
Author
Naves, Pedro
Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I. P. (INIAV), Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780 - 157 Oeiras, Portugal. & GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, ITQB NOVA, Portugal.
Author
Nóbrega, Filomena
Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I. P. (INIAV), Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780 - 157 Oeiras, Portugal.
Author
Auger, Philippe
CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
text
Acarologia
2021
2021-04-30
61
2
380
393
http://dx.doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20214437
journal article
10.24349/acarologia/20214437
2107-7207
5393899
Tetranychus urticae
Koch, 1835
The two-spotted spider mite,
T. urticae
, particularly the red form formerly known as
T. cinnabarinus
(
Auger
et al.
2013
)
and
T. telarius
(
Smith and Baker, 1968
)
is locally widespread and quite common (
Carmona 1960
;
1973a
;
Carmona and Dias 1980
;
Ferreira 1980
;
Ferreira and Carmona 1995
). The mite is present all over the mainland (
Carmona and Dias 1980
), and also found on
Madeira
(
Carmona 1973a
;
Carmona and Dias 1996
) and on three Azorean Islands (FAI, TER and SMG) (
Costa-Comelles
et al.
1993
;
Borges
et al.
2010
).
The two-spotted spider mite is associated with a wide range of hosts, including wild and ornamental plants and agricultural crops, being quite common on grapes and fruit trees, where it causes damage (
Carmona 1988
;
Carmona and Ferreira 1989
;
Sobreiro 1993
;
Carmona and
Dias 1996;
Brites
et al.
2019
). Other common hosts include bean (
Ferreira 1980
;
Ferreira and Carmona 1994
), corn (
Pereira 2004
), tomato (
Ferreira and Carmona 1995
) and raspberries (
Rubus idaeus
), particularly in greenhouses (
Ferreira 2016b
). The number of annual generations varies from six to twelve, according to the region and local climatic conditions (
Rodrigues 2012
). According to
Neves (2012)
, populations usually increase after application of wide-spectrum pesticides, which probably disrupt natural control by predatory phytoseiid mites (
Rodrigues 2012
). It is the most common species in the INIAV acarological collection, associated with multiple plant hosts but mainly with tomato, strawberry, and vineyards.